All posts by adm0n

Admission Approval / 准入审批

Services Take Centre Stage: China’s Market-Access Opening as of Late August 2026

  • At a State Council Information Office press conference on 28 August 2026, the Ministry of Commerce confirmed that services are now the centrepiece of market-access opening, with work under way to steadily and prudently expand market access and opening fields with services as the focus.
    在 2026 年 8 月 28 日国新办新闻发布会上，商务部确认服务业已成为市场准入开放的重心，正稳妥有序推动以服务业为重点扩大市场准入和开放领域。
  • The MOFCOM is building National Service Trade Innovation and Development Demonstration Zones in 17 regions (the overall plan was issued in April 2026), positioning them as comprehensive reform-and-opening platforms for services trade in the 15th Five-Year period.
    商务部正在北京等 17 个地区建设国家服务贸易创新发展示范区（总体方案 2026 年 4 月印发），将其定位为”十五五”时期服务贸易综合改革开放平台。
  • The demonstration zones will explore a more open institutional environment for the cross-border movement of funds, people, technology and data, steadily expand services market opening, simplify licensing approval procedures and improve risk-prevention mechanisms.
    示范区将探索优化资金、人员、技术、数据等要素跨境流动的制度环境，稳步有序扩大服务市场开放，简化有关许可审批程序，完善风险防控机制。
  • The cross-border services-trade negative list will be improved to remove barriers to cross-border services trade, and the factor flows closely linked to services trade — people, capital and data — will be made more convenient and secure.
    将完善跨境服务贸易负面清单管理制度，破除跨境服务贸易壁垒，推动与服务贸易密切相关的人员、资金、数据等要素便利、安全地跨境流动。
  • Regional positioning is differentiated: Shanghai will lift its full-chain transport-services capacity, Guangzhou will leverage the Greater Bay Area core-engine role in finance and foreign-related law, and Chengdu will build biomedicine innovation chains and digital-content export clusters.
    各地定位差异化：上海提升全链条运输服务能级，广州发挥大湾区核心引擎功能创新发展金融、涉外法律等服务，成都着力打造生物医药创新链、数字文创出口集群。
  • For foreign service providers, the practical takeaway is a widening, more predictable entry landscape: services sectors are the frontier of liberalisation, demonstration zones offer pilot ground for new licences, and the services negative list defines the boundary.
    对外资服务提供商，实操启示是：准入图景更宽、更可预期——服务业是开放的先行领域，示范区为新牌照提供试验场，跨境服务贸易负面清单划定边界。

Services Take Centre Stage: China’s Market-Access Opening as of Late August 2026 | 服务业站上 C 位：2026 年 8 月底的市场准入开放图景

The 28 August press conference

On 28 August 2026, the State Council Information Office held a press conference on the development of China’s services trade and the preparation of the 2026 China International Fair for Trade in Services (CIFTIS). The MOFCOM officials used the platform to set out the services-focused opening agenda. Vice Minister Yan Dong said that in the 15th Five-Year period, as global industrial chains reconfigure and digital and green transformation accelerates, the MOFCOM will implement a services quality-and-capacity upgrading action, speed up innovation in services trade, and — the key phrase — “steadily and prudently promote the expansion of market access and opening fields with services as the focus”. He also committed to improving the cross-border services-trade negative-list system, removing barriers to cross-border services trade, and making the factor flows closely related to services trade — people, capital and data — more convenient and secure.

The demonstration-zone mechanism

The flagship mechanism is the National Service Trade Innovation and Development Demonstration Zones. The MOFCOM issued the overall plan in April 2026, and 17 regions — Beijing among them — are now building demonstration zones as “comprehensive reform-and-opening platforms for services trade in the 15th Five-Year period”. The MOFCOM services-trade director, Kong Dejun, described three positioning goals. First, innovation highlands: zones should build on their location, resources and industrial strengths to push integrated innovation along industry and supply chains and expand services exports. Second, competitive operators: zones should widen financing channels, upgrade the public-service capacity of services-trade platforms, and cultivate leading services-export firms with international competitiveness. Third, policy-innovation sources: zones should explore an enabling institutional environment for the cross-border movement of funds, people, technology and data, steadily and orderly expand services market opening, simplify licensing approval procedures and improve risk-prevention mechanisms.

What this means on the ground

The differentiated positioning is concrete. Beijing will raise its full-chain transport-services capacity; Shanghai will open up the full international services chain for aircraft; Guangzhou will use its Greater Bay Area core-engine role to innovate in finance and foreign-related legal services; Chengdu will build a biomedicine innovation chain and digital-content export clusters. For foreign service providers, the pattern is clear: services are the frontier of liberalisation, and the demonstration zones are where new licences and new business forms get their first trial. The cross-border services-trade negative list — the mirror image of the goods negative list — will be the document that defines what is open by default and what remains restricted, and its “non-prohibited means open” logic is the most important single rule for foreign providers to internalise.

Practical guidance for foreign service providers

Foreign services companies should take four steps. (1) Map your sector against the services negative list: if your activity is not on the list, it is open by default under the filing/registration regime; if it is listed, check the specific restriction (ownership cap, licensing condition, local-presence requirement). (2) Identify the pilot ground: if your business is in a restricted or pilot area, the demonstration zones and the earlier services-opening pilots (e.g. the 119-task services-opening round) are the places where access is being tested first — engaging a zone can put you ahead of the national timeline. (3) Watch the factor-flow agenda: the commitment to make people, capital and data flow more conveniently is not a slogan — the demonstration zones are authorised to explore field-level data-export negative lists and simplified procedures, which directly affect how a services firm operates across borders. (4) Use the CIFTIS channel: the fair, held annually in Beijing, is the de facto annual checkpoint where services-opening measures and zone achievements are presented — a useful intelligence and networking event for entry planning.

Sources

服务业站上 C 位：2026 年 8 月底的市场准入开放图景

8 月 28 日的发布会

2026 年 8 月 28 日，国务院新闻办公室举行发布会，介绍中国服务贸易发展和 2026 年服贸会筹备情况。商务部官员借此平台阐明了以服务业为重点的开放议程。副部长鄢东表示，”十五五”时期，在全球产业链加速重构、数智化和绿色转型加快的背景下，商务部将深入实施服务业提质扩能行动，加快服务贸易创新发展，并——关键表述——”稳妥有序推动以服务业为重点扩大市场准入和开放领域”。他还承诺完善跨境服务贸易负面清单管理制度，破除跨境服务贸易壁垒，推动与服务贸易密切相关的人员、资金、数据等要素便利、安全地跨境流动。

示范区机制

旗舰机制是国家服务贸易创新发展示范区。商务部 2026 年 4 月印发总体方案，北京等 17 个地区正在建设示范区，定位为”十五五”时期服务贸易综合改革开放平台。商务部服贸司司长孔德军阐述了三个定位目标。其一，创新发展高地：示范区应立足区位、资源与产业优势，推进产业链供应链集成创新，扩大服务出口。其二，培育竞争优势主体：拓宽企业融资渠道，提升服务贸易平台载体公共服务能力，培育具有国际竞争力的服务出口领军企业。其三，政策创新策源地：探索优化资金、人员、技术、数据等要素跨境流动的制度环境，稳步有序扩大服务市场开放，简化有关许可审批程序，完善风险防控机制。

落地意味着什么

差异化定位已经具体化。北京提升全链条运输服务能级；上海打通飞机国际服务链条；广州发挥粤港澳大湾区核心引擎功能，创新发展金融、涉外法律等服务；成都打造生物医药创新链、数字文创出口集群。对外资服务提供商，图景清晰：服务业是开放先行领域，示范区是新牌照与新业态的试验场。跨境服务贸易负面清单——货物负面清单的镜像——将界定”默认开放”与”仍受限”的边界，其”未禁止即开放”的逻辑是外资服务商最需要内化的单一规则。

给外资服务商的实操建议

外资服务企业建议落实四步。（1）对照服务贸易负面清单定位本行业：业务不在清单上即默认开放，走备案/登记制；在清单上则核对其体的限制（持股上限、许可条件、本地存在要求）。（2）找到试验场：业务处于受限或试点领域时，示范区和此前的服务业开放试点（如 119 项服务业开放试点任务）是准入最先被测试的地方——接入一个示范区可能让你领先全国时间表。（3）盯住要素流动议程：让人员、资金、数据更便利流动不是口号——示范区获授权探索字段级数据出境负面清单与简化程序，直接影响服务企业的跨境运营方式。（4）用好服贸会渠道：每年在北京举办的服贸会实际上是服务业开放措施与示范区成果的年度检阅点——是入华规划中很有价值的信息与社交场合。

Sources

One-stop Window / 一站式窗口

One-Stop Government Service for Foreign Business: The Chancheng International Service Zone

  • Foshan’s Chancheng district has opened the first district-level government international service zone in Foshan, a one-stop counter covering 96 high-frequency foreign-related services for foreign companies and expatriate talent.
    佛山市禅城区开设佛山市首个区级政务国际服务专区，一站式受理外资企业与外籍人才高频涉外业务 96 项。
  • The zone is run by 14 government departments — organisation, administration, economy & science, public security, market regulation, taxation, social security, customs and others — under a “3+1” international service framework built around foreign investment, expatriate employment, cross-border trade and talent settlement.
    专区由区委组织部、行政服务中心联动经科、公安、市监、税务、社保、海关等 14 个职能单位共建，围绕外商投资、外籍就业、跨境贸易、人才安居四大场景搭建”3+1″国际化服务体系。
  • In 2026 the zone has handled over 1,800 foreign-related transactions, and the time to set up a foreign-invested enterprise has been cut by more than 40%.
    2026 年以来，专区累计办理涉外业务超 1800 宗，外资企业开办时限压缩超 40%。
  • Corporate services span the full life cycle — setup registration, equity changes, foreign-investment filing and import-export tax refunds — while expatriate services cover work permits, residence permits, social insurance, talent housing and professional-title evaluation.
    企业服务覆盖全生命周期——设立登记、股权变更、外资备案、进出口退税等；外籍人才服务覆盖工作许可、居留许可、社保申领、人才安居、职称评审等。
  • A bilingual (English, German and more) service team provides one-on-one accompaniment and point-to-point policy answers, with dedicated “Xiaochan” liaisons paired with foreign-invested enterprises.
    双语（含英语、德语等）服务团队提供一对一陪同办理与点对点政策答疑，”小禅”专员与外资企业结对服务。
  • For foreign companies, the practical value is a single accountable window: instead of navigating multiple departments, setup, licensing, employment and tax matters can be handled in one place, with regular Monday-to-Friday availability for the highest-frequency work-permit and residence items.
    对外资企业，实操价值在于一个”找得到人”的窗口：设立、许可、用工与税务事项可在一处办理，最高频的工作许可与居留业务已实现周一至周五常态化一站式服务。

One-Stop Government Service for Foreign Business: The Chancheng International Service Zone | 外资一站式政务服务：禅城国际服务专区

What the zone is

In 2026, Foshan’s Chancheng district opened the first district-level government international service zone in the city — a single physical counter where foreign-invested enterprises and expatriate talent can handle 96 high-frequency foreign-related matters. The zone is built by the district’s organisation department and administrative service centre together with 14 functional departments — economy and science, public security, market regulation, taxation, social security, customs and others — under a “3+1” international service framework. It is organised around four core scenarios: foreign investment, expatriate employment, cross-border trade and talent settlement, and it operationalises a set of “one thing” (yi jian shi) integrated reforms for foreign-related services. The model matters because it moves the burden of navigation from the user to the government: where a foreign company previously had to learn which department handled which step, the zone assembles the departments behind one counter.

What the zone covers

The service scope splits into three layers. For foreign-invested enterprises, the zone covers the full life cycle: company setup registration, equity changes, foreign-investment information filing and import-export tax refunds, alongside other registration and licensing matters. For expatriate talent, it covers the highest-frequency items: the foreigner work permit, work-type residence permits, social insurance enrolment, talent housing applications and professional-title evaluation. For both, the zone offers accompaniment services: a bilingual (English, German and other languages) team provides one-on-one assistance during the process and point-to-point policy answers, and dedicated “Xiaochan” liaisons are paired with individual foreign-invested enterprises for ongoing support. The highest-frequency items — work permits, residence permits and professional-title evaluation — are available every working day (Monday to Friday) as routine one-stop services.

Results so far

The numbers show the model working. In 2026 the zone has handled more than 1,800 foreign-related transactions, and the time needed to set up a foreign-invested enterprise has been cut by more than 40%. The gains come from two directions: the “one thing” integration collapses multiple visits into one (registration, licensing and employment matters that previously required separate trips to separate departments), and the dedicated bilingual staff reduce the failure-and-retry cycle that foreign applicants often face with language and unfamiliar procedures. Similar models are spreading across China — from the Lingang special area in Shanghai to border cities like Heihe, where a “one thing” reform package for foreign enterprises has helped 18 foreign companies set up in 2026, up 80% year on year, with a “rapid clearance plus licence” channel for Russian investors.

Why it matters for foreign companies

For a foreign company entering a Chinese city for the first time, the practical value of such a zone is accountability: there is a single physical place, with staff who speak a shared language, that owns the setup process end to end. The traditional pattern — business registration at the market-regulation bureau, work permits at the HRSS department, residence permits at the immigration office, tax registration at the tax bureau, customs filing at customs — multiplies the number of unfamiliar counters a new investor must find. A one-stop zone compresses that into one visit and, just as importantly, provides an ongoing point of contact after setup: the “Xiaochan” pairing means a company has a named liaison inside the government for follow-up questions on licensing, incentives or compliance.

Practical guidance for foreign companies

Foreign companies should use such zones deliberately. (1) Route the setup through the zone: check whether the city where you are registering has an international service zone or equivalent one-stop window, and use it as the primary channel rather than going department by department. (2) Bundle the employment steps: where work permits and residence permits are offered as a routine combined service, file both together to avoid residence gaps. (3) Use the accompaniment service: even with English support, bring prepared documentation (passport pages, apostilled corporate documents, translations) to cut the retry cycle. (4) Keep the liaison: after setup, maintain the contact with the assigned liaison or service team — they are the fastest route to answers on annual reporting, changes and incentives. (5) Check what is actually on the list: zones vary in scope (96 items in Chancheng), so confirm that the specific matter you need — e.g. professional-title evaluation or customs filing — is in scope before relying on it.

Sources

外资一站式政务服务：禅城国际服务专区

专区是什么

2026 年，佛山市禅城区开设佛山市首个区级政务国际服务专区——一个让外资企业与外籍人才集中办理 96 项高频涉外业务的实体窗口。专区由区委组织部、行政服务中心联动经科、公安、市监、税务、社保、海关等 14 个职能单位共建，搭建”3+1″国际化服务体系，围绕外商投资、外籍就业、跨境贸易、人才安居四大核心场景，落地多项涉外”一件事”集成改革。这个模式的意义在于把”找部门”的负担从办事人转移到政府：过去外资企业要弄清楚每个环节归哪个部门，现在专区把所有部门聚合到一个窗口后面。

专区覆盖什么

服务范围分三层。对外资企业，专区覆盖全生命周期：公司设立登记、股权变更、外资备案、进出口退税，以及其他登记与许可事项。对外籍人才，覆盖最高频事项：外国人来华工作许可、工作类居留许可、社保申领、人才安居申请与职称评审。对两者，专区都提供陪同服务：双语（含英语、德语等）团队在办理过程中一对一协助、点对点答疑，”小禅”专员与外资企业结对提供持续支持。最高频的工作许可、居留许可与职称评审业务已实现每个工作日（周一至周五）常态化一站式办理。

迄今的成绩

数字说明模式奏效。2026 年以来，专区累计办理涉外业务超 1800 宗，外资企业开办时限压缩超 40%。成效来自两个方向：”一件事”集成把多次跑动合并为一次（登记、许可、用工事项过去要分别跑不同部门），而专职双语人员减少了外国申请者常因语言与流程陌生而陷入的”失败—重试”循环。类似模式正在全国扩散——从上海临港新片区到黑河等边境城市，黑河的”一件事”改革已帮助 2026 年 18 家外资企业落户、同比增长 80%，并为俄罗斯投资者开通”极速通关+办照”通道。

为什么对外资企业重要

对外资企业，这类专区的实操价值是”找得到人”：一个实体地点、一群会说共同语言的员工、对设立流程端到端负责。传统模式——市场监管局办登记、人社部门办工作许可、出入境办居留、税务局办税务登记、海关办报关备案——让新投资者必须找到多个陌生窗口。一站式专区把这一切压缩为一次到访，更重要的是它提供了设立后的持续联系点：”小禅”结对意味着企业在政府内部有一个具名联系人，可随时跟进许可、激励或合规问题。

给外资企业的实操建议

外资企业应有意识地利用这类专区。（1）把设立流程走专区：注册前先查所在城市是否有国际服务专区或等效一站式窗口，把它作为主渠道而不是逐部门跑。（2）捆绑用工事项：凡提供工作许可与居留许可常规联办的城市，两项一起办，避免居留空档。（3）用好陪同服务：即使有英语支持，也备好材料（护照页、加签的公司文件、翻译件）以减少重试。（4）保留联系人：设立后持续联系对接专员或服务团队——这是获取年报、变更与激励政策答案最快的渠道。（5）核对清单范围：专区覆盖范围因城而异（禅城 96 项），依赖之前先确认所需事项（如职称评审或海关备案）确实在清单内。

Sources

VIE Structure / VIE架构

Offshore-Listing Filings in August 2026: What the CSRC’s Feedback Focuses On

  • On 14 August 2026 the CSRC’s International Department published its feedback round for offshore-listing filings received 10–14 August: eight companies, several of them manufacturers planning A+H listings in Hong Kong, were asked for supplementary materials.
    2026 年 8 月 14 日，证监会国际司公示 8 月 10–14 日境外发行上市备案补充材料要求：8 家企业收到反馈，其中多家为计划 A+H 赴港上市的制造业公司。
  • Red-chip filers face intense scrutiny on the full chain of offshore-architecture building: 37-article SAFE registration, the pricing and tax paid on round-trip acquisitions of domestic entities, historical capital reductions, buybacks, control, shareholder look-through and equity incentives.
    红筹架构企业的问询覆盖架构搭建全链条：37 号文外汇登记、返程收购境内主体的对价与完税、历史减资、股份回购、控制权、股东穿透与股权激励。
  • For A+H candidates, the CSRC asks companies to justify the actual necessity of listing in Hong Kong, in addition to industry-specific questions on new energy, optical communications, equipment manufacturing, export controls and related-party transactions.
    对 A+H 候选企业，监管重点追问赴港上市的实际必要性，并结合新能源、光通信、装备制造等行业设置产业合规、出口管制、关联交易等专项问题。
  • Look-through practice has tightened: shareholders with connections to each other must be aggregated when calculating the 5% threshold, Chinese-natural-person investors surfacing behind offshore funds must be identified, and nominee holdings must be ruled out.
    穿透核查趋严：存在关联关系的 5% 以下股东须合并计算，境外基金背后浮现的中国籍自然人须补充身份信息，历史股权代持须排查。
  • The filing pipeline remains open but selective: the CSRC issued new filing notices in August (e.g. Tongcheng New Materials on 4 August), while 2026’s red-chip approvals have been far fewer than in 2025 — around one in Q1 versus over 20 a year earlier.
    备案通道仍然开放但趋于精选：证监会 8 月仍在核发备案通知书（如 8 月 4 日彤程新材），但 2026 年红筹备案通过数量远少于 2025 年——一季度约 1 家，上年同期超过 20 家。
  • For companies weighing offshore listing, the practical takeaway is to prepare the full evidence chain (SAFE registration, ODI filings, pricing documentation), justify the necessity of red-chip or A+H structures, and complete pre-filing communication with the CSRC before the formal filing.
    对权衡境外上市的企业，实操要点是：备齐完整证据链（外汇登记、ODI 备案、定价文件）、论证红筹或 A+H 架构的必要性，并在正式申报前与证监会完成预沟通。

Offshore-Listing Filings in August 2026: What the CSRC’s Feedback Focuses On | 2026 年 8 月境外上市备案：证监会问询聚焦什么

The August feedback round

On 14 August 2026, the International Department of the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) published its round of supplementary-material requests for offshore-listing filings received between 10 and 14 August. Eight companies received feedback, several of them manufacturers planning A+H listings on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Every item in the feedback must be addressed item by item, verified by lawyers who then issue legal opinions. The round shows the current shape of the filing regime: it is open and processing deals, but the depth of review has grown, with questions tailored to each company’s architecture, industry and transaction history.

What red-chip filers are asked

For red-chip filers, the feedback concentrates on the full chain of offshore-architecture building. In the case of Yimai Gongpin, a red-chip filer in the August round, the CSRC asked about: the round-trip acquisition of domestic entities (Beijing Huoye, Suzhou Huoye and others) — including transaction consideration, pricing and tax clearance, and confirmation that the acquisitions comply with foreign M&A rules; a historical capital reduction at Shanghai Sheti — its pricing, internal decision-making and tax treatment, with checks against hollow capital and capital flight; a January 2026 share buyback and transfer — reasons, pricing basis and the near-12-month new-shareholder price differential; control identification after the cancellation of special voting rights; shareholder look-through — including the identification of two Chinese-natural-person investors surfaced behind Gaorong Capital and a check for nominee holdings; equity-incentive issues, including the ratification of an options plan in January 2026 and the treatment of departed employees and external advisors; and overseas fundraising projects — whether the planned expansion in Thailand and Vietnam requires ODI filing or approval.

What A+H and industry questions look like

Beyond architecture, the CSRC is probing the business case and sector compliance. For A+H candidates — companies splitting or already listed on the A-share market and planning H-share listings — the regulator asks them to justify the actual necessity of listing in Hong Kong, given the A-share market already provides financing. Industry-specific questions follow the filer’s sector: new energy, optical communications and equipment-manufacturing companies face questions on industry compliance, export controls and related-party transactions. The pattern signals that a listing application today is evaluated not just as a securities matter but as a full business-and-compliance review.

The state of the pipeline

The pipeline is open, but the numbers show a selective regime. In 2026’s first quarter, only one red-chip enterprise received filing approval (Manycore Tech, whose VIE operating entity contributed only 0.3–0.5% of group revenue), versus more than 20 in the same period of 2025 — a decline of more than 95%. Among Hong Kong-listed companies, the red-chip share has fallen from about 30% to below 5%. At the same time, the CSRC continues to issue filing notices for direct offshore listings: on 4 August 2026 it issued a filing notice to Tongcheng New Materials (H-share listing on the HKEX), published on 28 August. And the regulatory environment has been hardened by the State Council’s new regulation on outbound investment (State Council Order No. 837, effective 1 July 2026), which upgrades ODI from departmental rules to an administrative regulation, extends its scope to individuals and introduces tougher penalties. For VIE and red-chip structures, the practical message is not that the channel is closed — it is that necessity and full compliance must be demonstrated.

Practical guidance for companies

Companies planning offshore listings should take five steps. (1) Build the evidence chain before filing: 37-article SAFE registration for founders’ SPVs, ODI filings for corporate investors, FDI foreign-exchange registration for the round-trip WFOE, and clean documentation for every capital reduction, buyback and transfer — the CSRC is asking for the paper trail, not promises. (2) Justify the structure: prepare the commercial rationale for a red-chip or VIE arrangement (which negative-list restriction it addresses, what genuine overseas operations or foreign shareholding exist), because “necessity” has become the threshold question. (3) Run the look-through before it is asked: map every 5%+ shareholder, aggregate connected holdings, identify Chinese-natural-person investors behind offshore funds and resolve nominee arrangements. (4) Do the pre-filing communication: the CSRC’s consultation mechanism lets filers test questions before submitting, which is the cheapest way to surface the issues the feedback round will raise. (5) For A+H candidates, have the necessity answer ready: the regulator wants to know why Hong Kong in addition to the A-share market, and sector-specific compliance (export controls, related-party transactions) must be documented. The August round is a useful mirror: prepare as if every one of those questions will be asked, because for most filers, it will be.

Sources

2026 年 8 月境外上市备案：证监会问询聚焦什么

8 月的这轮反馈

2026 年 8 月 14 日，证监会国际司公示 8 月 10–14 日境外发行上市备案补充材料要求。本期 8 家企业收到反馈，其中多家为计划 A+H 赴港上市的制造业公司。所有问询事项都需企业逐项落实说明，由律师核查并出具法律意见。这轮反馈勾勒出备案制度的当前形态：通道开放、正常受理，但审核深度明显加大，问题因企业架构、行业与交易历史而异。

红筹企业被问什么

对红筹架构企业，反馈集中于架构搭建的全链条。以本期红筹申报企业易买工品为例，证监会要求说明：返程收购境内主体（北京火也、苏州火也等）的交易对价、定价与完税情况，并确认并购符合外资并购规定；上海摄提的历史减资——定价、内部决策与缴税，排查虚假出资、抽逃出资；2026 年 1 月股份回购及转让的原因与定价依据，以及近 12 个月新增股东的入股价差；取消特别表决权安排后的控制权认定；股东穿透——包括高榕资本背后浮现的两名中国籍自然人补充身份信息、排查历史股权代持；股权激励——2026 年 1 月经股东会、董事会追认期权计划的合法性，以及离职人员、外部顾问持股的合规性；境外募投——拟拓展泰国、越南等东南亚业务是否需履行境外投资审批备案。

A+H 与行业专项问题

除架构外，监管正在审视商业逻辑与行业合规。对 A+H 候选企业——已在 A 股市场融资、再计划 H 股上市的公司——监管要求论证赴港上市的实际必要性。行业专项问题则跟随申报企业所在行业展开：新能源、光通信、装备制造企业面临产业合规、出口管制、关联交易等专项问询。这传递的信号是：今天的上市申请不再仅仅是一桩证券事务，而是一场完整的经营与合规审查。

通道现状

备案通道开放，但数字显示监管趋于精选。2026 年一季度仅 1 家红筹企业获备案通过（群核科技，其 VIE 运营主体对集团收入贡献仅 0.3%–0.5%），上年同期超过 20 家，降幅超 95%；港股新上市公司中红筹占比从约三成降至不足 5%。与此同时，证监会对直接境外上市持续核发备案通知书：8 月 4 日向彤程新材出具备案通知书（拟发行 H 股并在港交所上市，8 月 28 日公示）。监管环境还因《国务院关于对外投资的规定》（国务院令第 837 号，2026 年 7 月 1 日施行）而进一步收紧——ODI 从部门规章升格为行政法规、适用范围扩至个人、处罚显著加重。对 VIE 与红筹架构，实务上的信息不是”通道关闭”，而是”必须论证必要性并做到全面合规”。

给企业的实操建议

计划境外上市的企业建议落实五步。（1）申报前备齐证据链：创始人的 37 号文外汇登记、企业投资者的 ODI 备案、返程 WFOE 的 FDI 外汇登记，以及历次减资、回购、转让的完整文件——证监会要的是纸面证据，不是承诺。（2）论证架构必要性：准备好红筹或 VIE 安排的商业理由（对应哪条负面清单限制、有哪些真实境外运营或外资持股），因为”必要性”已成为准入门槛式问题。（3）主动做穿透自查：摸清每个 5% 以上股东、合并计算关联持股、识别境外基金背后的中国籍自然人、清理代持安排。（4）用好预沟通机制：证监会的备案沟通渠道让申报方在正式申报前就能试探问题，这是以最低成本暴露问询点的方式。（5）A+H 候选企业提前备好”必要性”答案：监管想知道在 A 股之外为什么还要港股，行业合规（出口管制、关联交易）必须有据可查。8 月这轮反馈是一面很好的镜子：把每一个问题都当作会被问到来准备——对大多数申报企业而言，事实正是如此。

Sources

Setup Process / 设立流程

Setting Up a WFOE in 2026: The Registration Track Is Now the Easy Part

  • China registered 35,000 new foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) in H1 2026, up 7% year on year, with border provinces leading growth (Heilongjiang +79.5%, Inner Mongolia +29.1%, Guangxi +16.6%).
    2026 年上半年全国新设外商投资企业 3.5 万户、同比增长 7%，沿边省份领涨（黑龙江 +79.5%、内蒙古 +29.1%、广西 +16.6%）。
  • New FIE registrations from Belt and Road countries grew 19.3%, Arab countries 20.6% and African Union countries 42.8% (1.1 万户 combined), offsetting declines from the US (-10.7%), UK (-21.4%) and Japan (-34.9%).
    共建”一带一路”国家、阿拉伯国家、非盟国家在华新设企业分别增长 19.3%、20.6%、42.8%（合计 1.1 万户），对冲了美国（-10.7%）、英国（-21.4%）、日本（-34.9%）的下降。
  • Shandong and eight Yellow-River provinces now recognise foreign-investor qualification-certificate filings across the region: an investor that has filed in one province can skip repeat notarisation and legalisation when registering in another.
    山东省与沿黄八省实现外国（地区）投资者主体资格证明文件互通互认：投资者在任一省份备案后，到其他省份登记无需重复办理公证认证。
  • The SAMR’s 2026 edition of registration document and materials standards (in force since 1 May 2026) implements the new Company Law: itemised capital-contribution deadlines, shareholder registers, standardised real-name verification and migration registration as a single “one thing” procedure.
    市场监管总局《经营主体登记文书规范和提交材料规范（2026 年版）》（2026 年 5 月 1 日起施行）落实新《公司法》：出资期限逐笔载明、股东名册、规范实名登记确认，迁移登记并入”一件事”。
  • Registration is increasingly same-day: Turpan completed a Malaysian-invested company’s setup in one day in August 2026 through a “one window, one network, full assistance” model, with online steps taking two hours.
    登记越来越”当日办结”：2026 年 8 月吐鲁番以”一窗受理、一网通办、全程帮办”模式当日完成一家马来西亚投资企业设立，线上环节仅 2 小时。
  • For foreign investors, the practical takeaway is that setup friction has fallen sharply: cross-province reuse of qualification certificates, online submission with electronic signatures, and compressed timelines mean the registration step itself is rarely the bottleneck — preparation of apostilled originals and Chinese translations remains the critical path.
    对外国投资者，实操要点是设立摩擦已显著下降：资格证明跨省复用、在线提交与电子签名、时限压缩意味着登记环节本身很少再是瓶颈——加签原件与中文译本的准备仍是关键路径。

Setting Up a WFOE in 2026: The Registration Track Is Now the Easy Part | 2026 年设立外资企业：登记环节已成为轻松的部分

The H1 2026 picture

On 29 August 2026 the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) published its H1 2026 data on foreign-invested enterprises: 35,000 new FIEs were registered in the first half, up 7% year on year. The composition tells an interesting story. By region, export provinces and border provinces grew in tandem — Hainan +38.6%, Shandong +15.2%, Guangdong +8.1% and Jiangsu +6.8% on the export side, and Heilongjiang +79.5%, Inner Mongolia +29.1%, Guangxi +16.6% and Jilin +12% along the border. By source country, Belt and Road, Arab and African Union countries registered 11,000 enterprises combined, growing 19.3%, 20.6% and 42.8% respectively, offsetting declines from the US (-10.7%), the UK (-21.4%) and Japan (-34.9%). By sector, the consumer market is pulling foreign capital: health and social work +27.1%, wholesale and retail +11.9%, and accommodation and catering +11.7%.

What is making registration easier

Behind the numbers, three reforms are cutting the friction of FIE setup. First, cross-province reuse of qualification certificates: Shandong and the eight Yellow-River provinces now recognise foreign-investor qualification-certificate filings across the region, so an investor that has already filed its notarised and legalised corporate documents in one province can skip repeat notarisation and legalisation when registering in another. Rizhao used exactly this mechanism in August 2026 for an inner-to-foreign conversion, accepting a certificate package filed two months earlier in Linyi and completing the registration without fresh legalisation. Second, the 2026 edition of the SAMR’s registration document and materials standards (in force since 1 May 2026): the new Company Law’s rules are now built into the forms — itemised capital-contribution deadlines, shareholder registers for capital increases and decreases, standardised real-name verification (with identity documents on separate pages to protect sensitive data), stronger agent-management requirements, and migration registration as a single procedure in which the destination authority directly pulls the file from the origin, removing the round trip. Third, same-day capability: Turpan completed a Malaysian-invested company’s setup in one day in August 2026 through a “one window, one network, full assistance” model — the online portion took two hours — and border cities like Heihe run a “rapid clearance plus licence” channel for foreign investors.

What has not changed: the documents

Despite the ease of the filing step itself, the document package remains the critical path. For a foreign investor setting up a WFOE, the essentials are: notarised and legalised (apostilled where the Hague Convention applies) certificates of the foreign investor — company registration certificate or passport pages for individuals — with Chinese translations; the articles of association; the investor’s bank reference; details of the legal representative, directors and supervisors; and a registered-address certificate. Since May 2026, foreign documents must be accompanied by both the Chinese translation and the foreign original, with the translator’s seal, accuracy statement and contact details. The good news from the inter-province recognition schemes is that this package is now prepared once and reused across a growing set of provinces.

Practical guidance for foreign investors

Foreign investors should sequence the setup as follows. (1) Prepare the certificate package first: notarisation, legalisation (or apostille) and Chinese translation of corporate documents is the longest lead-time item — start it before any other step. (2) Check the inter-province recognition schemes: if your group has already filed qualification certificates in one of the recognising provinces (Shandong and the Yellow-River eight), the package can be reused when registering elsewhere in the region, saving weeks and notarisation fees. (3) Use the online channels: name pre-approval, submission and real-name verification are handled through the local “one-window” platforms with electronic signatures; the physical visit is limited to presentation of originals where required. (4) Mind the new Company Law details: itemise the capital-contribution deadline on registration, prepare the shareholder register for capital changes, and note that real-name verification applies to shareholders, directors, supervisors, financial officers and the registration liaison. (5) Plan for the follow-on steps: after the business licence, the sequence is tax registration, chops, social insurance and pension fund accounts, bank account and FDI foreign-exchange registration — the registration itself is rarely the bottleneck any more.

Sources

2026 年设立外资企业：登记环节已成为轻松的部分

上半年数据图景

2026 年 8 月 29 日，市场监管总局公布上半年外商投资企业数据：上半年新设外商投资企业 3.5 万户，同比增长 7%。结构很有意思。按区域，出口大省与沿边省份”双轮驱动”——出口侧海南 +38.6%、山东 +15.2%、广东 +8.1%、江苏 +6.8%；沿边侧黑龙江 +79.5%、内蒙古 +29.1%、广西 +16.6%、吉林 +12%。按来源国，共建”一带一路”国家、阿拉伯国家、非盟国家合计新设企业 1.1 万户，分别增长 19.3%、20.6%、42.8%，对冲了美国（-10.7%）、英国（-21.4%）、日本（-34.9%）的下降。按领域，消费市场成为吸引外资新方向：卫生和社会工作 +27.1%、批发和零售业 +11.9%、住宿和餐饮业 +11.7%。

什么让登记变容易了

数据背后，三项改革正在降低外资企业设立的摩擦。其一，资格证明跨省复用：山东省与沿黄八省实现外国（地区）投资者主体资格证明文件互通互认，投资者在一省备案过公证认证的公司文件后，到另一省登记无需重复办理。日照 2026 年 8 月正用此机制办结一宗内资转外资——采信两月前在临沂备案的资格证明文件，免去重新认证。其二，登记规范 2026 年版（2026 年 5 月 1 日起施行）：新《公司法》要求已写入表单——出资期限逐笔载明、增减资需股东名册、实名登记确认规范化（身份证件单独列页保护敏感信息）、代理机构管理强化，以及迁移登记”一件事”——由迁入地直接向迁出地调档，企业无需往返。其三，当日办结能力：2026 年 8 月吐鲁番以”一窗受理、一网通办、全程帮办”模式当日完成一家马来西亚投资企业设立，线上环节仅 2 小时；黑河等边境城市还为外国投资者开通”极速通关+办照”通道。

没变的是什么：材料

尽管申报环节本身已很顺畅，材料包仍是关键路径。外国投资者设立 WFOE 的必备材料是：经公证认证（海牙公约适用国为加签）的外国投资者主体资格证明——公司注册证书或自然人护照页——附中文翻译；公司章程；投资者资信证明；法定代表人、董事、监事信息；注册地址证明。自 2026 年 5 月起，外文材料须同时提交中文翻译件与外文原件，翻译件须加盖翻译单位公章、注明”翻译准确”及联系方式。跨省互认带来的好消息是：这套材料现在只需准备一次，可在越来越多的省份复用。

给外国投资者的实操建议

外国投资者应按如下顺序推进设立。（1）先备证书包：公司文件的公证、认证（或加签）与中文翻译是耗时最长的环节——应早于其他任何步骤启动。（2）核查跨省互认方案：若贵集团已在互认省份（山东及沿黄八省）备案过资格证明，在该区域其他省份登记时可复用，省去数周时间与公证费用。（3）走线上渠道：名称预核、申报与实名认证通过各地”一窗”平台电子签名完成，线下到访仅限于按需核验原件。（4）注意新《公司法》细节：登记时逐笔载明出资期限、资本变动备好股东名册，并注意实名认证适用于股东、董监高、财务负责人与登记联络员。（5）规划后续步骤：营业执照之后的顺序是税务登记、刻章、社保公积金开户、银行开户与 FDI 外汇登记——登记本身已很少是瓶颈。

Sources

Import-Export Clearance / 进出口清关

“One Form, Two Declarations”: The Mainland–Hong Kong Road Manifest Reform Rolling Out Across China

  • In late August 2026 Hubei handled the first “one form, two declarations” (yi dan liang bao) import shipment outside the Greater Bay Area, using the inland–Hong Kong road manifest data-sharing model — a truck of cosmetics cleared via Shenzhen Bay Port to Wuhan marked the model’s first application in central China.
    2026 年 8 月下旬，湖北落地全国首票非毗邻粤港澳地区”一单两报”进口业务：一辆载有化妆品的货车经深圳湾口岸入境运抵武汉，标志着内地与香港公路舱单”一单两报”新模式首次在中部地区应用。
  • “One form, two declarations” is a 2026 cross-border trade facilitation measure introduced by the national port office: an enterprise enters road manifest data once in the China International Trade Single Window, and the system automatically translates and pushes the data to both mainland and Hong Kong customs systems.
    “一单两报”是 2026 年国家口岸办推出的跨境贸易便利化举措：企业只需在内地国际贸易”单一窗口”录入一次公路舱单数据，系统自动转译为分别符合内地与香港海关要求的申报数据并推送至两地通关系统。
  • The model removes the separate Hong Kong-side filing: companies no longer pay the Hong Kong declaration fee, cut submission time by roughly half an hour per shipment, and in the Hubei first shipment overall clearance time improved by about four hours.
    该模式取消香港端重复申报：企业无需再缴纳香港申报费用，每票货物申报时间缩短半小时以上，湖北首票整体通关时效较以往提前约 4 小时。
  • Earlier in 2026 the model was first rolled out in Guangdong and Fujian (the Min-Yue-Gang “one lock” cross-border corridor), and exports to Hong Kong and Macao have followed; customs offices across the country are now expanding coverage.
    2026 年该模式先在大湾区与福建闽粤港”跨境一锁”通道试点，出口至港澳业务也已落地；各地海关正持续拓宽”一单两报”业务覆盖范围。
  • For foreign traders moving goods by road between the mainland and Hong Kong or Macao, the practical win is a single filing in the mainland Single Window, lower cost, fewer errors and faster transit — particularly valuable for cross-border e-commerce, bonded logistics and general trade flows.
    对经公路运输在中国内地与香港、澳门之间往来货物的外贸企业，实际收益是一次录入、两地通关：成本更低、差错更少、时效更快，对跨境电商、保税物流与一般贸易货流尤其有价值。

“One Form, Two Declarations”: The Mainland–Hong Kong Road Manifest Reform Rolling Out Across China | “一单两报”：内地与香港公路舱单申报改革在全国铺开

What happened in Hubei

In late August 2026, a truck carrying cosmetics cleared customs under the supervision of Hankou Customs, a subordinate office of Wuhan Customs. The shipment originated in Hong Kong, entered via Shenzhen Bay Port, and was bound for the Dongxihu Comprehensive Bonded Logistics Park in Wuhan — the first “one form, two declarations” (yi dan liang bao) import shipment handled outside the provinces and regions adjacent to the Greater Bay Area, marking the model’s first application in central China. According to customs statistics, Hubei’s imports and exports with the Hong Kong region reached RMB 58.18 billion in the first seven months of 2026, up 153.7 per cent year on year. The forwarder, Wuhan Zhongshi International Logistics, said the single filing replaced duplicate declarations on both sides of the border, cutting declaration and cross-border communication costs.

How the mechanism works

“One form, two declarations” is a 2026 cross-border trade facilitation initiative of the national port office. Under the data-coordination mechanism between mainland customs and Hong Kong customs, an enterprise enters road manifest data once in the China International Trade Single Window. The system automatically converts the data into the formats required by the mainland and Hong Kong customs systems respectively and pushes each version to the corresponding system. The enterprise therefore files once and clears in two jurisdictions — “one form, both places” (yi zhang dan, liang di pao). Where the earlier “cross-border one lock” (kua jing yi suo) model already connects truck movements between Guangdong/Fujian and Hong Kong, the one-form model layers a single declaration on top of the existing fast-clearance channel.

Who benefits and how much

The reform was first piloted in the Greater Bay Area and in Fujian in May 2026 (the Min-Yue-Gang “one lock” corridor, where the first import and export shipments landed in May), then expanded to Hunan and Hubei, with export flows to Hong Kong and Macao also using the model. The gains are concrete. First, cost: the Hong Kong-side declaration fee is waived. Second, speed: each shipment saves roughly half an hour of declaration time, and the Hubei first shipment improved overall clearance time by about four hours. Third, accuracy: single-entry data reduces the risk of divergent filings and errors. Fourth, reach: businesses no longer need to master Hong Kong filing rules or operate in a second system. For foreign traders — general trade, cross-border e-commerce and bonded logistics moving goods by road between the mainland and Hong Kong or Macao — the compliance footprint shrinks materially.

Practical steps for companies

Companies trading by road with Hong Kong or Macao should: (1) confirm they are registered with the customs authority and hold an import/export or logistics business; (2) become a registered user of the China International Trade Single Window and opt into the one-form service; (3) enter road manifest data once in the mainland Single Window, with the system handling translation and distribution; (4) check with their supervising customs office (for example Wuhan Customs via the 12360 hotline, or the local port office) on eligibility for the specific corridor; and (5) for businesses in provinces where the model is not yet live, watch for the national rollout announced by the customs administration, which has said it will continue to widen coverage based on enterprise demand. The direction of travel is clear: for road-borne trade with Hong Kong and Macao, double filing is being replaced by single filing and two-way recognition.

The reform’s trajectory and what comes next

The rollout has moved in a clear sequence through 2026. In May, the model went live on the Min-Yue-Gang “cross-border one lock” corridor: Xiamen Customs handled the first import and export shipments under the combined “one lock plus one form” model, and Quanzhou followed within days for shipments via Shenzhen Bay Port to the Jinjiang inland port. In late May, Hunan handled its first import and export pair under the same model through Chenzhou, and in late August Hubei added the first shipment outside the Greater Bay Area’s immediate neighbourhood. Ningxia’s customs then processed a first export shipment to Macao in August. For foreign traders this sequence matters in two ways: it shows the model is standardising rather than experimental, and it suggests that customs offices in the remaining provinces will accept single-window filings for Hong Kong- and Macao-bound road cargo on a rolling basis. The national port office has said it will widen the scope of “one form, two declarations” further, so companies should treat single-filing capability as a near-term universal feature of mainland–Hong Kong road trade. For compliance teams, the practical documentation is modest: keep the single-window submission reference, retain the manifest data the system translated, and maintain the linkage between the mainland manifest number and the Hong Kong cargo details so that any post-clearance verification can be answered quickly.

Sources

“一单两报”：内地与香港公路舱单申报改革在全国铺开

湖北发生了什么

2026 年 8 月下旬，一辆载有化妆品的货车在武汉海关所属汉口海关监管下通关放行。该票货物从香港出发，经深圳湾口岸入境，运抵武汉东西湖综合保税物流园区——这是全国首票非毗邻粤港澳地区应用内地与香港公路舱单”一单两报”新模式的进口货物，标志着该模式首次在华中地区落地。据海关统计，2026 年前 7 个月，湖北省对香港地区进出口 581.8 亿元，同比增长 153.7%。承运企业武汉中实国际物流表示，新模式以一次录入取代两地重复申报，节省了申报成本与跨境沟通成本。

机制如何运作

“一单两报”是 2026 年国家口岸办推出的跨境贸易便利化举措。依托内地海关与香港海关建立的数据协同机制，申报企业只需在内地国际贸易”单一窗口”录入一次公路舱单数据，系统便会自动将信息转译为分别符合内地与香港海关要求的申报数据，并推送至对应的通关系统——一次申报、两地通关，实现”一张单、两地跑”。在闽粤港”跨境一锁”快速通关模式已实现粤闽与香港之间货车”不换车、不换锁”自动快速验放的基础上，”一单两报”在既有快通通道上叠加单次申报。

谁受益、受益多少

该改革 2026 年 5 月先在大湾区与福建落地（闽粤港”跨境一锁”通道首批进出口业务于 5 月完成），随后扩展至湖南、湖北，对港澳出口业务同样适用。收益具体可感：其一，成本——香港端申报费用予以减免；其二，速度——每票货物申报时间节约半小时以上，湖北首票整体通关时效提前约 4 小时；其三，准确——单次录入减少两地数据不一致与差错风险；其四，可达——企业无需再适应香港申报规则与第二套系统界面。对经公路在中国内地与香港、澳门之间运输货物的一般贸易、跨境电商与保税物流企业，合规负担显著下降。

企业操作要点

与港澳开展公路运输贸易的企业应：（1）确认已在海关注册登记、具备进出口或物流业务资质；（2）成为中国国际贸易”单一窗口”登记用户并选择”一单两报”服务；（3）在内地”单一窗口”一次性录入公路舱单数据，由系统完成转译与分发；（4）向主管海关（如武汉海关 12360 热线）或地方口岸部门核实所在通道的适用条件；（5）模式尚未开通省份的企业，关注海关总署宣布的全国推广——署方已表示将立足企业需求持续拓宽”一单两报”覆盖范围。方向明确：对港澳公路运输货物，两地重复申报正被”一次录入、两地互认”取代。

改革轨迹与下一步

落地在 2026 年呈清晰的推进序列。5 月，模式在闽粤港”跨境一锁”通道上线：厦门海关完成”一锁+一单”组合模式下首批进出口业务，泉州随后数日即经深圳湾口岸将货物运抵晋江陆地港完成首票。5 月下旬，湖南经郴州完成同模式首批进出口货物；8 月下旬，湖北落地粤港澳邻近区域之外的首票。8 月，银川海关办理宁夏首票对澳门出口。对外贸企业，这一序列有两重含义：其一，模式正在标准化而非试验化；其二，提示其余省份海关将滚动接受面向港澳公路货物的单一窗口申报。国家口岸办已表示将进一步拓宽”一单两报”覆盖范围，企业应把单次申报能力视为内地—香港公路贸易近期普遍化的功能。对合规团队，实际留痕要求不高：保留单一窗口申报回执、留存系统转译的舱单数据，并维持内地舱单号与香港货物信息的对应关系，以便事后核验可快速回应。

Sources

Tax Incentives / 税收优惠, Tax Types / 税种

Chongqing’s 31-Point Tax Incentive List for the Modern Services Industry

  • On 17 August 2026 the Chongqing tax authorities published a 31-item preferential tax policy list supporting the “9611” modern services industry system, mapping each incentive to the relevant tax type, eligible taxpayer and policy basis.
    2026 年 8 月 17 日，重庆市税务局发布《支持构建”9611″现代服务业产业体系税费优惠政策清单》，梳理编制 3 大类 31 项税费优惠政策，逐项列明核心要点、涉及税种、享受主体与政策依据。
  • The list groups 31 incentives into three categories: 8 general services-sector preferences, 14 preferences for the nine leading productive services industries, and 9 preferences for the six characteristic consumer-services industries.
    清单将 31 项优惠分为三类：支持服务业普惠性税费优惠 8 项、支持 9 大优势生产性服务业专项优惠 14 项、支持 6 大特色生活性服务业专项优惠 9 项。
  • Headline items include VAT exemption below the small-scale taxpayer threshold, halved individual income tax for self-employed individuals, reduced corporate income tax for small and low-profit enterprises, R&D expense super-deduction, VAT refund for software products and income-tax exemption for technology-transfer income.
    重点条目包括：小规模纳税人起征点以下免征增值税、个体工商户个人所得税减半征收、小型微利企业减免企业所得税、研发费用加计扣除、软件产品增值税超税负即征即退、技术转让所得减免企业所得税等。
  • The list is a local implementation of Chongqing’s 2026–2027 Action Plan for Expanding and Upgrading Services, itself a follow-through of the State Council’s Opinion on Promoting the Expansion and Upgrading of the Services Industry (Guo Fa [2026] No. 7).
    清单是重庆《推进服务业扩能提质行动方案（2026—2027 年）》的落地工具，该方案承接国务院《关于推进服务业扩能提质的意见》（国发〔2026〕7 号）。
  • For foreign-invested services companies, the practical value is a single, authoritative checklist to verify which of the 31 incentives their Chongqing operations qualify for — covering VAT, IIT, CIT, property tax and land-use tax across productive and consumer services.
    对外资服务企业，实用价值在于一份权威清单可逐项核对在渝业务可享受哪些优惠——涵盖增值税、个人所得税、企业所得税、房产税与城镇土地使用税，覆盖生产性与生活性服务业。

Chongqing’s 31-Point Tax Incentive List for the Modern Services Industry | 重庆 31 项现代服务业税费优惠政策清单解读

Background: from State Council policy to local checklist

In April 2026 the State Council issued the Opinion on Promoting the Expansion and Upgrading of the Services Industry (Guo Fa [2026] No. 7), which placed services development at the centre of the industrial agenda. Chongqing responded with the Action Plan for Expanding and Upgrading the Services Industry (2026–2027), approved by the Chongqing municipal government in July 2026, which sets out a “9611” modern services system: nine leading productive-services industries (digital information, sci-tech innovation, modern logistics and supply chain, modern finance, business and exhibitions, design and testing, cultural creativity, energy conservation and environmental protection, and skills training), six characteristic consumer-services industries (elderly care and childcare, healthcare, modern community services, modern commerce, cultural tourism and events, and emotional consumption), and eleven signature services brands. On 17 August the Chongqing tax authorities published the 31-item preferential tax policy list as the practical companion to that plan.

The three categories and headline items

Category one, general services-sector preferences (8 items), includes: VAT exemption for small-scale taxpayers below the threshold (monthly sales of RMB 100,000 or less); halved individual income tax for self-employed individuals; and reduced corporate income tax for small and low-profit enterprises. Category two, preferences for the nine leading productive services (14 items), includes R&D expense super-deduction, VAT refund for software products whose tax burden exceeds 3 per cent, exemption of income tax on technology-transfer income, and preferences tied to modern logistics, design and testing, and financial services. Category three, preferences for the six characteristic consumer services (9 items), includes VAT exemption for qualifying childcare, nursery and eldercare services, and exemption from property tax and urban land-use tax for houses and land used by schools, nurseries and kindergartens for their own use. Each item in the list states the tax type, eligible taxpayer and policy basis, so that a company can check applicability without cross-referencing multiple circulars.

What the list means for foreign-invested services companies

For a foreign-invested company operating services in Chongqing — whether a software or industrial-design subsidiary, a logistics or supply-chain arm, a clinic or eldercare project, or a regional trading entity — the list offers three practical benefits. First, a compliance shortcut: instead of assembling circulars from the Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration, a tax team can screen the 31 items against its business lines and confirm which preferences apply. Second, planning clarity: because the list separates productive and consumer services, a group with multiple service lines can map incentives to each entity. Third, a local anchor: with the municipality’s own interpretation, companies can rely on a consistent local reading when claiming preferences such as the R&D super-deduction or software VAT refund. The tax authorities have also committed to strengthened policy publicity, Q&A support and data-based delivery of the incentives to the right taxpayers, which reduces the risk of missed claims.

Practical steps

Foreign-invested services companies in Chongqing should: (1) obtain the 31-item list from the Chongqing tax authorities’ website; (2) map each service line to the three categories and identify the eligible items, with particular attention to R&D super-deduction, software VAT refund and technology-transfer income-tax exemption for productive services, and to childcare/eldercare VAT and property-tax preferences for consumer services; (3) verify the underlying national basis for each item so that local claims are consistent with the State Taxation Administration’s implementation rules; (4) file and claim through the standard tax procedures, retaining the documentation each incentive requires; and (5) monitor updates, since the “9611” plan runs to 2027 and both the local and national incentive frameworks are expected to be refreshed as implementation matures.

What to watch next

Three developments are worth tracking through 2026 and 2027. First, the “9611” system itself: the Action Plan sets out staged targets to 2027 — a services-sector added value of RMB 2.2 trillion, a software and information industry revenue above RMB 650 billion, and more than 1,000 newly registered above-scale services enterprises — and the incentive list is expected to be refreshed as these targets evolve. Second, the national layer: the State Council’s Opinion on Promoting the Expansion and Upgrading of the Services Industry and the “15th Five-Year Plan” for modern services development in Chongqing (2026–2030) create a rolling stream of follow-up circulars; companies should re-screen the list whenever a new national or municipal services document is published. Third, delivery mechanics: Chongqing tax authorities have promised data-driven, targeted delivery of incentives to eligible taxpayers, so companies should ensure their registration and industry-classification data with the tax bureau is accurate — an incorrect industry tag is a common reason a business misses a preference it qualifies for.

Sources

重庆 31 项现代服务业税费优惠政策清单解读

背景：从国务院政策到地方清单

2026 年 4 月，国务院印发《关于推进服务业扩能提质的意见》（国发〔2026〕7 号），把服务业发展置于产业议程的核心。重庆随后印发《重庆市推进服务业扩能提质行动方案（2026—2027 年）》（2026 年 7 月经市政府办公厅印发），构建”9611″现代服务业体系：9 大优势生产性服务业（数智信息、科技创新、现代物流与供应链、现代金融、商务会展、设计检测、文化创意、节能环保、技能实训）、6 大特色生活性服务业（养老托育、医疗健康、现代社区服务、现代商贸、文旅赛事、情绪消费）、11 张服务业”金名片”。8 月 17 日，重庆市税务局发布 31 项税费优惠政策清单，作为该方案的落地配套工具。

三大类与重点条目

第一类，支持服务业普惠性税费优惠（8 项）：包括小规模纳税人月销售额 10 万元以下免征增值税、个体工商户个人所得税减半征收、小型微利企业减免企业所得税等。第二类，支持 9 大优势生产性服务业专项优惠（14 项）：包括研发费用加计扣除、软件产品增值税超税负即征即退、技术转让所得减免企业所得税，以及现代物流、设计检测、金融服务相关优惠。第三类，支持 6 大特色生活性服务业专项优惠（9 项）：包括符合条件的育养服务免征增值税，学校、托儿所、幼儿园自用房产、土地免征房产税与城镇土地使用税等。清单逐项列明涉及税种、享受主体与政策依据，企业无需交叉翻阅多份文件即可核对适用性。

对外资服务企业的意义

对在重庆从事服务业务的外资企业——无论是软件或工业设计子公司、物流与供应链机构、诊所或养老项目，还是区域贸易主体——清单提供三重实务价值。其一，合规捷径：税务团队无需自行拼凑财政部与税务总局文件，可对照 31 项筛一遍业务线并确认适用优惠。其二，筹划清晰：清单区分生产性与生活性服务业，多业务线集团可为每个主体逐一映射优惠。其三，地方锚点：以市级解读为准，企业在申报研发加计扣除、软件增值税退税等优惠时可依赖一致的地方口径。税务部门还承诺强化政策宣传、答疑与数据化精准推送，降低漏享风险。

操作建议

在渝外资服务企业应：（1）从重庆市税务局官网获取 31 项清单；（2）将各业务线映射到三大类并识别适用条目——生产性服务业重点关注研发加计扣除、软件增值税即征即退与技术转让所得税减免，生活性服务业关注育养服务增值税与房产税优惠；（3）逐项核对国家层面政策依据，确保地方申报与税务总局实施规则一致；（4）按标准申报程序办理并留存各优惠所需凭证；（5）持续跟踪更新——”9611″方案运行至 2027 年，地方与国家优惠框架预计将随实施推进动态调整。

后续看点

2026—2027 年有三条线索值得跟踪。其一，”9611″体系本身：行动方案设定了分阶段目标至 2027 年——服务业增加值 2.2 万亿元、软信产业主营业务收入突破 6500 亿元、新培育规上服务业企业 1000 家——清单预计将随目标演进刷新。其二，国家层面：国务院《关于推进服务业扩能提质的意见》与重庆《”十五五”现代服务业发展规划（2026—2030 年）》形成滚动政策流；每有新的国家或市级服务业文件发布，企业都应重新筛查清单。其三，落地机制：重庆税务部门承诺以数据化、精准化方式向适用主体推送优惠，企业应确保在税务局的登记与行业分类数据准确——行业标签不准确是符合条件却漏享优惠的常见原因。

Sources

Hainan FTP Closure / 海南自贸港封关

Hainan’s “15th Five-Year Plan” for the International Tourism Consumption Centre: The Post-Closure Playbook

  • On 13 August 2026 Hainan’s provincial government briefed the media on the “15th Five-Year Plan” for the Hainan International Tourism Consumption Centre, adopted by the provincial government on 8 June and officially issued on 28 June 2026.
    2026 年 8 月 13 日，海南省政府就《”十五五”海南国际旅游消费中心规划》举行新闻发布会——该规划 2026 年 6 月 8 日经省政府常务会议审议通过、6 月 28 日正式印发实施。
  • The Plan adopts a “13526” framework: one world-class international tourism-consumption centre goal, three signature consumption cards, five high-quality tourism destinations, two core engines (Haikou and Sanya) and six characteristic industrial function zones.
    规划提出”13526″总体框架：锚定 1 个世界级国际旅游消费中心总目标、打造 3 张特色消费名片、构建 5 大高品质旅游目的地、强化海口三亚两大城市双核驱动、统筹布局 6 大特色产业功能片区。
  • By the end of the “15th Five-Year” period, Hainan targets 154 million domestic and foreign visitors, RMB 363 billion in total visitor spending, 3.5 million inbound visitors, more than 120 inbound passenger routes, over 60 overseas destination cities, and a top-3 global ranking among non-archipelagic island tourism destinations.
    到”十五五”末，海南目标：接待国内外游客 1.54 亿人次、游客总花费 3630 亿元、接待入境游客 350 万人次、入境客运航线超 120 条、境外通航城市超 60 个、全球非群岛国海岛旅游目的地竞争力排名进入前 3 位。
  • Three consumption articles anchor the plan: duty-free shopping (building a “duty-free plus island-resident duty-free plus cross-border e-commerce” supply structure), international medical tourism (“traditional Chinese medicine plus international medical care”) and international education (the “study in Hainan” brand).
    三篇消费文章锚定规划：免税购物（构建”离岛免税+岛内居民日消品免税+跨境电商”供给格局）、国际医疗（推广”中医药+国际医疗”模式）与国际教育（擦亮”留学海南”品牌）。
  • For foreign investors, the Plan signals sustained opening: more international brands and first stores, a duty-free operation centre and distribution hubs, marine and cruise tourism development, and inbound-facilitation improvements such as multilingual guidance, foreign-card acceptance and mobile payment.
    对外国投资者，规划传递持续开放信号：吸引国际品牌与首店首发、招引国际高端品牌免税运营中心与分销中心、发展海洋与邮轮旅游，并完善多语种指引、外卡受理、移动支付等入境便利举措。

Hainan’s “15th Five-Year Plan” for the International Tourism Consumption Centre: The Post-Closure Playbook | 海南”十五五”国际旅游消费中心规划：封关后的施工图

The Plan and its timing

On 13 August 2026 the Hainan provincial government held the tenth press conference of its “15th Five-Year” opening series to brief the public on the “15th Five-Year Plan” for the Hainan International Tourism Consumption Centre (the “Plan”). The Plan was adopted by the provincial government’s standing committee on 8 June 2026 and officially issued on 28 June 2026. Its context is the full island-wide customs closure: with Hainan’s FTP now fully operational, the Plan is the sector roadmap for converting the closure dividend into tourism-led consumption. It also sits beneath the national Tourism Powerhouse “15th Five-Year Plan” issued by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism with State Council approval, which gives Hainan explicit tasks in ocean and island tourism, cruise tourism and the inbound-tourism backbone network.

The “13526” framework

The Plan’s organising device is the “13526” framework: one overall goal — a world-class international tourism consumption centre; three signature consumption cards; five high-quality tourism destinations; two core engines, Haikou and Sanya; and six characteristic industrial function zones. Around “international, tourism, consumption” it sets 6 first-level and 16 second-level indicators. Headline targets by 2030: 154 million domestic and foreign visitors, RMB 363 billion in total visitor spending, 3.5 million inbound visitors, more than 120 inbound passenger air routes, more than 60 overseas destination cities, and a top-3 global ranking among non-archipelagic island tourism destinations. The “14th Five-Year” base is strong: over the past five years duty-free shopping reached RMB 189.45 billion in cumulative sales, with 12 duty-free shops and six operators, and the island already hosts the world’s largest duty-free single store.

The three consumption articles

The Plan organises consumption around three pillars. Duty-free shopping: Hainan will seek more open and convenient offshore duty-free policies and build a “duty-free plus island-resident daily-consumption duty-free plus cross-border e-commerce” supply structure, upgrading from “buy in Hainan” to “buy the world”. International medical tourism: promote the “traditional Chinese medicine plus international medical care” model and build the “come to Hainan, enjoy health” brand. International education: deepen the “five mutuals, one common” model (mutual exchange, mutual integration of disciplines, interconnection of arts and sciences, mutual credit recognition, mutual course selection and co-governance) and keep polishing the “study in Hainan” brand. These three pillars map directly onto the consumption scenarios where foreign investors — duty-free operators, medical-service providers and education institutions — have the clearest entry points.

Five destinations, two engines, inbound facilitation

The Plan also details supply-side investment. Five high-quality destinations will be built: an international consumption-fashion leader (first stores, launches, shows and exhibitions — the “four firsts” economy); an ocean-culture and tourism destination (island tourism routes, cruise lines to GBA cities, yacht-plus products, and the orderly development of uninhabited islands, plus 20 public natural beach bathing areas, three surfing bases, five diving bases and seven angling bases); an integrated mountain-sea destination; a functional tourism carrier; and a tech-tourism experience destination (aerospace, deep-sea, seed industry and digital tourism, including the Hainan Aerospace Museum and Wenchang aerospace tourism centre). Haikou anchors three roles — international performing-arts capital, regional convention centre and duty-free shopping hub — while Sanya targets at least 50 million visitors and 2.5 million inbound visitors annually by 2030. Inbound facilitation is a running theme: multilingual guidance, foreign-card acceptance, mobile payment, more international routes and overseas marketing in North America and Europe.

What foreign investors should watch

For foreign investors, the Plan is best read as a sector-by-sector invitation. Duty-free and retail: the ambition to host international duty-free operation centres, distribution hubs, first stores and first launches creates partnership and licensing opportunities; note the complementary “duty-free plus” push with medical, education and cultural tourism. Medical tourism: the TCM-plus-international-care brand, combined with the existing medical-tourism and international-medical pilots, points to clinic and wellness-investment openings. Tourism infrastructure: marine tourism, cruise, yacht bases and smart tourism offer project-level entry points, often through public-private structures with provincial entities. Inbound services: payment, translation and travel-tech services that support the 3.5-million-inbound-visitor target are a services opportunity in their own right. Investors should also track the sector’s performance data — duty-free sales rose 20.5% year on year to RMB 20.34 billion in H1 2026 — as the Plan’s execution will be measured against them.

Sources

海南”十五五”国际旅游消费中心规划：封关后的施工图

规划与时间点

2026 年 8 月 13 日，海南省人民政府举行”开局起步’十五五'”系列主题新闻发布会第十场，解读《”十五五”海南国际旅游消费中心规划》（下称《规划》）。《规划》2026 年 6 月 8 日经省政府常务会议审议通过、6 月 28 日正式印发实施。其背景是全岛封关运作全面落地：自贸港进入高水平制度型开放新阶段，《规划》是把封关红利转化为旅游引领型消费的行业路线图。它同时承接经国务院批复同意、文化和旅游部印发的《旅游强国建设”十五五”规划》，后者在海洋海岛旅游、邮轮旅游与入境旅游主干网络布局中赋予海南明确任务。

“13526”框架

《规划》以”13526″总体框架为组织工具：锚定 1 个世界级国际旅游消费中心总目标；打造 3 张特色消费名片；构建 5 大高品质旅游目的地；强化海口、三亚两大城市双核驱动；统筹布局 6 大特色产业功能片区。围绕”国际””旅游””消费”三大维度设置 6 个一级、16 个二级指标。到 2030 年的核心目标：接待国内外游客 1.54 亿人次、游客总花费 3630 亿元、入境游客 350 万人次、入境客运航线超 120 条、境外通航城市超 60 个、全球非群岛国海岛旅游目的地竞争力排名进入前 3 位。”十四五”基础扎实：过去五年离岛免税购物金额累计 1894.5 亿元，全岛形成 6 家经营主体、12 家离岛免税店的有序竞争格局，并建成全球最大的免税单体。

三篇消费文章

《规划》围绕三个支柱组织消费。免税购物：争取更加开放便利的离岛免税政策，构建”离岛免税+岛内居民日消品免税+跨境电商”供给格局，推动”海南购”向”购全球”升级。国际医疗：推广”中医药+国际医疗”模式，塑造”到海南、享健康”品牌。国际教育：深化”五互一共”办学模式（中外互鉴、学科互融、文理互通、学分互认、课程互选、管理共商），擦亮”留学海南”品牌。三大支柱直接对应外资投资者——免税运营商、医疗服务提供者与教育机构——进入最清晰的场景。

五大目的地、双核与入境便利

《规划》还细化供给端投资。将构建五大高品质旅游目的地：国际消费时尚引领地（发展首店、首发、首秀、首展”四首经济”）；海洋特色文化和旅游目的地（环岛旅游航线、至粤港澳等城市邮轮线路、”游艇+”产品、有序推进无居民海岛开发利用，以及 20 个公共天然沙滩浴场、3 大冲浪基地、5 大潜水基地、7 大海钓基地）；山海联动全域旅游实践地；独特功能性旅游承载地；旅游科技深度体验地（航天、深海、种业、数字科技旅游，含海南航天博物馆与文昌航天旅游中心）。海口锚定”国际演艺之都、区域性国际会展中心、免税购物高地”三大定位；三亚力争 2030 年年接待游客不低于 5000 万人次、入境游客 250 万人次。入境便利是贯穿性主题：多语种导览、外卡受理、移动支付、加密国际航线，并在北美、欧洲重点客源市场推广。

外国投资者应关注什么

对外国投资者，《规划》宜按行业逐项读作邀请函。免税与零售：打造国际高端品牌免税运营中心、分销中心、首店首发的雄心创造合作与授权机会；注意”免税+”与医疗、教育、文旅联动。医疗旅游：”中医药+国际医疗”品牌叠加既有医疗旅游与国际医疗试点，指向诊所与康养投资空间。旅游基建：海洋旅游、邮轮、游艇基地与智慧旅游提供项目级入口，常以与省级主体的公私合作结构展开。入境服务：支撑 350 万人次入境目标的支付、翻译与旅行科技服务本身就是服务机会。投资者还应跟踪行业运行数据——2026 年上半年离岛免税销售金额 203.4 亿元、同比增长 20.5%——《规划》执行将以其为标尺。

Sources

Automotive & EV / 汽车新能源

China’s “15th Five-Year Plan” for Intelligent Connected New Energy Vehicles: Quality First, Full-Country Charging

  • On 26 August 2026 the MIIT deputy minister outlined the Intelligent Connected New Energy Vehicle Industry “15th Five-Year Plan” at a State Council Information Office briefing: quality is the priority, and products that have not been fully tested and validated are banned from entering the market.
    2026 年 8 月 26 日，工业和信息化部副部长在国新办发布会上介绍《智能网联新能源汽车产业发展”十五五”规划》：以质量为先，严禁未经充分测试验证的产品进入市场。
  • “14th Five-Year” achievements set the baseline: NEV annual sales rose from 1.367 million to 16.49 million units, the share of new-car sales climbed from 5.4% to 47.9%, and China produces over 70% of the world’s NEVs, power batteries and key materials.
    “十四五”成绩奠定基线：新能源汽车年销量从 136.7 万辆增至 1649 万辆，新车销售占比从 5.4% 提高到 47.9%，新能源汽车、动力电池及关键材料产量占全球 70% 以上。
  • The plan’s four pillars are: higher product quality (battery low-temperature performance, autonomous-driving safety and reliability); better supporting infrastructure (charging stations in every county and piles in every township, used-car and trade-in programmes); improved industry governance (grouped production-qualification reform, strict design-admission review); and deeper international cooperation.
    规划四大方向：提升产品供给质量（动力电池低温适应性、自动驾驶安全性与可靠性）；优化配套使用环境（充电站”县县全覆盖”、充电桩”乡乡全覆盖”、以旧换新）；完善行业治理（生产资质集团化管理改革、严格创新设计准入审查）；深化国际合作。
  • Battery recycling gets a regulatory push: a dedicated administrative regulation is being drafted, joint enforcement campaigns are planned, and a digital identity system for power batteries will make them traceable from source to destination, aiming for over one million tonnes of comprehensive recycling utilisation by 2030.
    电池回收获监管加码：研究起草相关行政法规、开展部门联合执法专项行动、实施动力电池数字身份证管理制度，实现”来源可溯、去向可查”；到 2030 年废旧动力电池综合利用量力争达到百万吨级以上。
  • For foreign auto companies, the signals are a quality-first admission regime (new-design review and testing will tighten), stable NEV incentives through better charging and insurance support, and continued opening to international standards and investment cooperation.
    对外资车企，信号是：质量优先的准入体系（创新设计审查与测试将收紧）、通过补充电设施与优化车险维持的新能源激励，以及继续对接国际标准与投资合作。

China’s “15th Five-Year Plan” for Intelligent Connected New Energy Vehicles: Quality First, Full-Country Charging | 中国智能网联新能源汽车”十五五”规划：质量为先，全域补能

The briefing and the plan

On 26 August 2026, at a State Council Information Office briefing on the “15th Five-Year Plan”, the deputy minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology outlined the Intelligent Connected New Energy Vehicle Industry “15th Five-Year Plan”. The plan is the sector’s roadmap for 2026–2030, and its headline message is quality over speed: “products that have not been fully tested and validated are strictly prohibited from entering the market”. The briefing acknowledged the “14th Five-Year” record — NEV annual sales rising from 1.367 million to 16.49 million units, penetration climbing from 5.4% to 47.9% of new-car sales, output of NEVs, batteries and key materials above 70% of the world total, and exports to more than 100 countries — but also flagged the problems the next five years must fix: irrational competition, “aggressive” designs put into vehicles without sufficient experimental validation, and safety events that drew public attention.

The four pillars

The plan rests on four pillars. First, product quality: support leading companies in raising power-battery low-temperature adaptability and durability and in improving autonomous-driving safety and reliability; advance the intelligent-connected-vehicle admission and road-test pilots and the “vehicle-road-cloud integration” pilots; and hold the line on quality. Second, supporting infrastructure: run trade-in and NEV-to-the-countryside programmes and the pilot to close charging gaps in counties, aiming for charging stations in every county and charging piles in every township; build out the vehicle-modification management regime; and optimise NEV insurance policy and lower repair costs so consumers are willing to buy and confident to use. Third, industry governance: reform the grouped management of vehicle-production qualifications, optimise industry layout, strengthen admission review of innovative designs and testing/validation management, and step up consistency inspections. Fourth, international cooperation: intensify coordination on international standards and regulations, improve cross-border logistics and financing support, and steadily advance trade and investment cooperation.

Battery recycling gets teeth

A notable new element is the battery end-of-life agenda. With a wave of battery retirements arriving, the authorities plan to draft dedicated administrative regulations, run joint departmental enforcement campaigns to standardise the recycling and reuse order, and implement a digital identity system for power batteries so that every battery is traceable “from source to destination”. The target is comprehensive utilisation of waste power batteries at or above one million tonnes per year by 2030. For companies in the recycling, second-life and materials businesses — including foreign investors — this signals a formalised, traceable regulatory regime rather than the current patchwork.

What it means for foreign auto players

For foreign carmakers and suppliers in China, the plan carries four practical signals. First, admission: the design-admission review and testing requirements will tighten, so product-development pipelines must budget more validation time and evidence before launch. Second, market support: the charging build-out and insurance/cost optimisation are designed to keep demand growth alive, protecting the commercial case for NEV investment. Third, governance: grouped production-qualification reform may create new structures for brands that license or assemble in China, worth modelling for restructuring decisions. Fourth, openness: the plan’s international-cooperation pillar — standards coordination, cross-border logistics and financing support — is consistent with China’s broader invitation to global players, and foreign brands participating in the pilots (intelligent connected admission, vehicle-road-cloud integration) will help shape the standards that later go national. Companies should also prepare for the battery traceability regime, which will affect warranty, recall and recycling obligations across the value chain.

The numbers behind the plan

The plan’s targets sit on a rapidly expanding base. In 2026, NEVs already account for the majority of monthly new-car sales — July 2026 data show NEVs above 60 per cent of new-vehicle sales for the month — and the first half of the year saw NEV penetration near 50 per cent of the market. Chinese-brand NEVs held a 24 per cent share of overseas markets in H1 2026, up 10 percentage points year on year, with the EU a leading contributor. On infrastructure, the charging build-out is accelerating: the plan’s “charging stations in every county, piles in every township” target follows the 2030 charging-infrastructure goals already set for the sector, and provincial players such as Fujian have begun publishing virtual-power-plant management rules that open new market participation for private and small-mid enterprises. On the standards side, the MIIT has been active: in August 2026 it opened public comment on a mandatory national standard for automotive cryptographic application technologies and on 50 communications-industry standards for vehicle-road-cloud systems — both signals that the technical rulebook for intelligent connected vehicles is being written now, and that foreign suppliers engaging in the standards process early will help shape it.

Sources

中国智能网联新能源汽车”十五五”规划：质量为先，全域补能

发布会与规划

2026 年 8 月 26 日，在国新办”开局起步’十五五'”系列主题新闻发布会上，工业和信息化部副部长介绍了《智能网联新能源汽车产业发展”十五五”规划》。规划是行业 2026—2030 路线图，核心基调是质量优先于速度：”严禁未经充分测试验证的产品进入市场”。发布会认可了”十四五”成绩——新能源汽车年销量从 136.7 万辆增至 1649 万辆、新车销售占比从 5.4% 提高到 47.9%、整车与动力电池及关键材料产量占全球 70% 以上、产品远销 100 多个国家和地区——但也点出未来五年必须解决的问题：非理性竞争、未经充分实验验证就装车应用的”激进式”创新设计、以及引发社会关注的汽车质量与自动驾驶安全事件。

四大支柱

规划依托四大支柱。其一，产品供给质量：支持重点企业提升动力电池低温适应性与耐久性、提高自动驾驶安全性与可靠性；积极稳妥推进智能网联汽车准入和上路通行试点与”车路云一体化”试点；坚守产品质量底线。其二，配套使用环境：开展汽车以旧换新、新能源汽车下乡与县域充换电设施补短板试点，推动充电站”县县全覆盖”、充电桩”乡乡全覆盖”；建立健全汽车改装管理制度；优化新能源汽车车险政策、降低维修成本，让消费者愿意买、放心用。其三，行业治理：推进汽车企业生产资质集团化管理改革、优化产业布局，加强产品创新设计准入审查与测试验证管理，加大生产一致性监督检查力度。其四，国际合作：加大国际标准法规制定协调力度，完善跨境物流、投融资等配套支撑，稳步推进国际贸易和投资合作。

电池回收获监管加码

一个值得注意的新元素是电池退役议程。面对退役潮来临，主管部门计划研究起草相关行政法规、开展部门联合执法专项行动规范回收利用秩序，并实施动力电池数字身份证管理制度，实现”来源可溯、去向可查”。目标是到 2030 年废旧动力电池综合利用量达到百万吨级以上。对回收、梯次利用与材料企业——包括外国投资者——这预示一个正式化、可追溯的监管体系，而非当前的零散拼凑。

对外资车企的意义

对外国车企与供应商，规划传递四重实务信号。第一，准入：创新设计审查与测试要求将收紧，产品开发管线须在上市前预算更多验证时间与证据。第二，市场支撑：充电设施建设与车险/成本优化旨在维持需求增长，保护新能源投资商业逻辑。第三，治理：生产资质集团化管理改革可能为在华授权生产或组装品牌创造新结构，重组决策值得建模评估。第四，开放：规划的国际合作支柱——标准协调、跨境物流与融资支持——与中国欢迎全球参与者的整体姿态一致，参与试点（智能网联准入、车路云一体化）的外资品牌将共同塑造日后全国推广的标准。企业还应提前应对电池可追溯制度，其将影响价值链各环节的质保、召回与回收义务。

规划背后的数据

规划目标立在快速扩张的基数之上。2026 年，新能源汽车已占月度新车销售的大头——2026 年 7 月数据显示当月新能源车占新车销量超 60%——上半年渗透率接近五成。自主品牌新能源乘用车 2026 年上半年海外市场份额 24%、同比提升 10 个百分点，欧盟市场是主要贡献者。基础设施方面，充换电建设提速：规划”充电站县县全覆盖、充电桩乡乡全覆盖”目标承接行业已设定的 2030 年充电基础设施目标，福建等省份已出台虚拟电厂管理办法，为民营企业与中小微企业开放新的市场参与。标准端，工信部动作密集：2026 年 8 月就《汽车密码应用技术要求》强制性国标与 50 项车路云系统通信行业标准公开征求意见——两项信号表明智能网联汽车技术规则手册正在当下书写，尽早参与标准进程的外资供应商将共同塑造它。

Sources

Patent / 专利

IP Data as a Public Resource: CNIPA and the National Data Administration’s New Opinion

  • On 24 August 2026 the China National Intellectual Property Administration and the National Data Administration jointly issued the Opinion on Strengthening the Development and Utilisation of IP Data Resources, treating IP business data generated by IP authorities as an important national public data resource.
    2026 年 8 月 24 日，国家知识产权局与国家数据局联合印发《关于加强知识产权数据资源开发利用的意见》，将知识产权管理部门履职产生的业务数据界定为国家重要公共数据资源。
  • The Opinion sets out a full-cycle governance framework — data catalogues, classification and grading, security risk assessment, a national IP data resource directory (“one ledger”), data standards and an upgraded national IP big-data centre.
    《意见》部署全生命周期治理框架：数据目录、分类分级、安全风险评估、全国知识产权数据资源目录”一本账”、数据标准体系与国家知识产权大数据中心升级。
  • On supply, it pushes government data sharing and opening, and for the first time proposes orderly licensing-operation (shou quan yun ying) of public IP data, selecting qualified operators to process data into marketable services.
    在供给端，推动知识产权政务数据共享开放，并首次提出安全有序开展知识产权公共数据授权运营，择优遴选运营机构开展市场化深度加工。
  • On application, it builds industry patent-pool databases, standard-essential patent databases and overseas-litigation databases, supports IP pledge financing and securitisation, and embeds IP data into corporate R&D, patent layout, FTO analysis and infringement warning.
    在应用端，构建产业专利池数据库、标准必要专利数据库与海外诉讼案件数据库，支撑知识产权质押融资与证券化，并将知识产权数据嵌入企业研发、专利布局、自由实施分析与侵权预警全过程。
  • Foreign companies benefit in two ways: richer, machine-readable public patent and trademark data lowers the cost of freedom-to-operate and prior-art searches in China, while authorised-operation services will offer professional-grade data products; at the same time, the emphasis on data classification and security means companies should align their own IP data governance.
    外资企业双重受益：更丰富、可机读的公开专利与商标数据降低在华自由实施与现有技术检索成本，授权运营将提供专业级数据产品；同时，数据分类分级与安全要求的强调意味着企业应同步完善自身知识产权数据治理。

IP Data as a Public Resource: CNIPA and the National Data Administration’s New Opinion | 知识产权数据资源开发利用新规：国家知识产权局与国家数据局联合意见解读

Why IP data matters now

Intellectual-property data — patent filings, trademarks, layouts, geographical indications, litigation and licensing records — has long been collected by Chinese IP authorities, but until recently it was largely siloed and under-used. On 24 August 2026 the China National Intellectual Property Administration and the National Data Administration jointly issued the Opinion on Strengthening the Development and Utilisation of IP Data Resources (the “Opinion”), which reclassifies the business data produced by IP authorities as an important national public data resource and sets out a systematic path from raw data to usable factor. The document aligns with two national agendas: the IP power-house strategy under the 2021–2035 outline, and the broader drive, led by the National Data Administration, to make public data a productive input for the digital economy.

Governance, standards and infrastructure

The Opinion’s first pillar is foundational governance. It requires sound full-lifecycle management of IP data, covering collection, storage, processing, sharing and opening; classification and grading with defined use boundaries and security requirements; and data-security risk assessment. A national IP data resource directory will be compiled to create a “one ledger” for the whole system, and provincial authorities must bring local IP data into their public-data resource catalogues. A standards system is to be developed covering basic data, data governance, development and utilisation, and security, aligned with industry standards and technical norms. On infrastructure, the National IP Big Data Centre will be upgraded as the national backbone, with regional data centres and trusted data spaces encouraged, connected into the national data infrastructure so that IP data can flow securely across regions, departments and levels. The Opinion also endorses AI, big data, cloud and blockchain applications, including industry-specific large models and public-service AI agents.

Opening supply through sharing and licensing-operation

The second pillar widens supply. IP government data will be shared proactively across departments, with “one data source for one item” (yi shu yi yuan) discipline, and linked to judicial, sci-tech, financial and market-regulatory data. Public opening is broadened through the national IP public-service platform, lowering the cost of access for all users. The most significant innovation is the proposal to conduct orderly “licensing-operation” of public IP data: selecting qualified operators to process national and local IP data into professional, market-oriented services while maintaining security and supervision. This opens a new channel through which companies can obtain curated, high-quality data products — for example clean patent landscapes or litigation analytics — without building the processing capability themselves.

Applying data across government, services and enterprise

The third pillar deepens application. For government, multi-source data supports industry patent navigation, innovation-capability assessment and the detection of abnormal applications and non-compliant agency conduct; IP data will also be connected with judicial and administrative enforcement data to strengthen coordinated protection. For services, databases for key-industry patent pools, standard-essential patents, geographical indications and overseas litigation will be built, and IP data will underpin pledge financing, securitisation and insurance, plus supply-demand matching for patent commercialisation. For enterprises — the pillar most relevant to foreign companies — IP data is to be embedded in the full R&D-to-protection cycle: tracking technology lifecycles and gaps, parsing existing patents to steer R&D, pre-application evaluation and freedom-to-operate analysis for high-value patent layouts, and patent early-warning and infringement-risk monitoring.

What foreign companies should do

For foreign-invested companies operating or innovating in China, the Opinion has three practical implications. First, search and FTO costs should fall: as patent, trademark and litigation data become more openly available in machine-readable form, freedom-to-operate and prior-art searches can rely on richer official sources, and licensed operators will offer professional data products for a fee. Second, IP-backed financing becomes more feasible: the commitment to data-enabled pledge financing and securitisation strengthens the information base for valuing IP assets in China. Third, alignment: the same classification-grading and security disciplines now applied to public IP data are a useful benchmark for a company’s own IP data governance, especially for R&D documentation, technical-secret management and cross-border data flows of IP-related data. Companies should watch the implementation guidance — including the list of authorised operators and the first tranche of sector databases — expected through the national and provincial IP authorities and data administrations in the coming months.

Sources

知识产权数据资源开发利用新规：国家知识产权局与国家数据局联合意见解读

知识产权数据为何此时受重视

知识产权数据——专利申请、商标、布图设计、地理标志、诉讼与许可记录——长期由我国知识产权主管部门归集，但过去多处于孤岛状态、利用不充分。2026 年 8 月 24 日，国家知识产权局与国家数据局联合印发《关于加强知识产权数据资源开发利用的意见》（下称《意见》），将知识产权管理部门履职产生的业务数据重新界定为国家重要公共数据资源，并给出从原始数据到可用要素的系统路径。文件对接两大国家议程：知识产权强国建设纲要（2021—2035 年）与国家数据局主导的公共数据资源开发利用部署。

治理、标准与基础设施

《意见》第一支柱是基础治理。要求健全知识产权数据全生命周期管理制度，覆盖采集归集、存储加工、共享开放等环节；加强分类分级管理，明确使用边界与安全防护要求；开展数据安全风险评估。编制全国知识产权数据资源目录，形成”一本账”；地方知识产权数据须纳入地方公共数据资源目录体系。建立覆盖基础数据、数据治理、开发利用与数据安全的标准体系，与产业标准、技术规范衔接。基础设施方面，优化国家知识产权大数据中心作为全国中枢，鼓励有条件的地方建设区域数据中心与可信数据空间，接入国家数据基础设施体系，实现跨地区、跨部门、跨层级安全流转。文件还支持人工智能、大数据、云计算、区块链等技术应用，包括行业大模型与公共服务智能体。

以共享与授权运营扩大供给

第二支柱扩大供给。知识产权政务数据将跨部门主动共享，落实”一数一源”，并与司法、科技、金融、市场监管数据互联互通。通过国家知识产权公共服务平台拓宽开放渠道，降低全社会获取门槛。最具创新性的安排是提出安全有序开展知识产权公共数据授权运营：择优遴选运营机构，对国家与地方知识产权公共数据做市场化深度加工，在安全监管下提供专业服务。这为企业在不自建加工能力的情况下获得高质量数据产品（如干净的专利全景或诉讼分析）开辟了新通道。

应用：政府、服务与企业

第三支柱深化应用。政府端，多源数据支撑产业专利导航、创新能力评估与非正常申请、违规代理线索排查；知识产权数据与司法裁判、行政执法数据互通，强化协同保护。服务端，建设重点产业专利池数据库、标准必要专利数据库、地理标志专题数据库与海外诉讼案件数据库；以数据融合支撑知识产权质押融资、证券化与保险，以及专利转化供需匹配。企业端——与外资企业最相关——将知识产权数据嵌入研发、转化、保护全过程：技术生命周期分析、专利动态追踪与空白点研判，关键专利解析以确定研发路径，申请前评估与自由实施分析支撑高价值布局，专利预警与侵权风险监测维护合法权益。

外资企业应做什么

对在华经营或创新的外资企业，《意见》有三重实务意义。第一，检索与自由实施成本应下降：专利、商标与诉讼数据以可机读形式更开放后，FTO 与现有技术检索可依托更丰富的官方来源，授权运营商将提供付费专业数据产品。第二，知识产权融资更可行：数据支撑的质押融资与证券化承诺强化了在华知识产权资产估值的信息基础。第三，对标治理：公开知识产权数据适用的分类分级与安全纪律，可作为企业自身知识产权数据治理（研发文档、技术秘密管理、涉知识产权数据跨境流动）的有益基准。企业应关注后续实施配套——授权运营机构名单与首批行业数据库——预计将由国家和省级知识产权、数据管理部门在未来数月陆续推出。

Sources

International Arbitration / 国际仲裁

Ad Hoc Arbitration Comes to Central China: The Hunan FTZ Guide of 26 August 2026

  • On 26 August 2026 the Guide to Ad Hoc Arbitration in the China (Hunan) Pilot Free Trade Zone was released in Changsha — the first ad hoc arbitration practice guide for a FTZ in central China, jointly issued by the CCPIT Hunan Sub-council, the Hunan High People’s Court, the Hunan Provincial Department of Commerce (FTZ Office) and the CIETAC China-Africa Hearing Centre.
    2026 年 8 月 26 日，《中国（湖南）自由贸易试验区临时仲裁指南》在长沙发布——这是中部地区首部自贸试验区临时仲裁实践指引，由湖南省贸促会、湖南省高级人民法院、湖南省商务厅（省自贸办）与中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会中非庭审中心联合发布。
  • The Guide turns the ad hoc arbitration provisions of the revised Arbitration Law (effective 1 March 2026) into a workable playbook: it clarifies the applicable conditions, filing requirements and judicial interface for ad hoc arbitration between enterprises in the FTZ, and ensures the international enforceability of awards.
    《指南》把新修订《仲裁法》（2026 年 3 月 1 日施行）确立的临时仲裁制度转化为可操作指引：厘清自贸试验区内企业间临时仲裁的适用条件、备案要求与司法衔接规则，确保裁决的国际可执行性。
  • It covers the core elements — seat of arbitration, composition of the tribunal and procedural support — and provides model arbitration clauses and practical guidance for advanced manufacturing, trade with Africa and the overseas expansion of construction-machinery companies.
    指引明确仲裁地、仲裁庭组成、程序配套等核心要素，并针对先进制造业、对非贸易、工程机械出海等重点领域提供仲裁条款示范文本与实务指引。
  • The CIETAC China-Africa Hearing Centre is designated as the appointing authority able to provide arbitrator appointment, challenge decisions and case-secretary support, balancing flexibility with procedural rigour.
    贸仲中非庭审中心作为指定机构可提供仲裁员指定、回避决定、案件秘书等程序辅助服务，在保障灵活性的同时守住规范性底线。
  • For foreign parties contracting with Hunan FTZ enterprises, the Guide matters because ad hoc arbitration is now a real option for cross-border disputes: arbitration seated in China, conducted under party-chosen rules, with a designated institution standing by for procedural support.
    对与湖南自贸区企业签约的外方，本指南之所以重要，是因为临时仲裁现已成为跨境争议的真实选项：仲裁地在中国、按当事人选定规则进行、有指定机构提供程序支持。

Ad Hoc Arbitration Comes to Central China: The Hunan FTZ Guide of 26 August 2026 | 临时仲裁落地中部：湖南自贸区《临时仲裁指南》解读

What the Guide is

On 26 August 2026, at the High-Level Dialogue on Commercial Arbitration Helping Hunan’s Business-Environment Development in Changsha, the CCPIT Hunan Sub-council, the Hunan High People’s Court, the Hunan Provincial Department of Commerce (FTZ Office) and the CIETAC China-Africa Hearing Centre jointly released the Guide to Ad Hoc Arbitration in the China (Hunan) Pilot Free Trade Zone (the “Guide”). It is the first FTZ ad hoc arbitration practice guide in central China. The Guide systematically sets out the legal basis, procedural rules and practical considerations for foreign and Chinese enterprises in the Hunan FTZ to resolve disputes through ad hoc arbitration, and provides operating guidance for ad hoc arbitration that fits China’s legal context while aligning with international practice.

The legal foundation

Ad hoc arbitration — arbitration conducted without the administration of a standing arbitral institution, with the tribunal and procedure agreed by the parties — was formally established in Chinese law by the revised Arbitration Law, which took effect on 1 March 2026. The Law provides that disputes between enterprises within a pilot free trade zone may be submitted to ad hoc arbitration seated in China. The Hunan provincial authorities moved quickly: in July 2026 the provincial implementation plan for the FTZ upgrade explicitly supported enterprises in the Hunan FTZ choosing ad hoc arbitration. The Guide operationalises that support, and in doing so sits on a clear chain of authority: the revised Arbitration Law, the Supreme People’s Court’s judicial-protection opinion for FTZ construction, and the provincial plan.

What the Guide covers

The Guide clarifies three core elements. First, the seat: parties define the place of arbitration in China, which anchors the lex arbitri and supports the international enforceability of the award. Second, the tribunal: the Guide explains how the tribunal is composed in an ad hoc context, and designates the CIETAC China-Africa Hearing Centre as the appointing authority able to provide arbitrator appointment, challenge decisions and case-secretary support — the institutional backstop that keeps a party-run arbitration from stalling. Third, procedure: it addresses the interface with Chinese courts, including the filing and judicial-supervision requirements, so that an ad hoc award obtained in the FTZ can be recognised and enforced. It also supplies model arbitration clauses and document templates, lowering the practical threshold for using the mechanism.

Why it matters for foreign parties

For foreign companies contracting with Hunan FTZ enterprises — engineering-machinery manufacturers, new-energy suppliers and traders dealing with Africa through the China-Africa Economic and Trade Deep Cooperation Pilot Zone — the Guide matters for four reasons. First, choice: ad hoc arbitration seated in China is now a credible, cheaper and often faster alternative to institutional arbitration for suitable disputes. Second, certainty: the Guide’s designation of a standing institution for procedural support addresses the traditional worry that ad hoc arbitration lacks a safety net. Third, enforceability: by aligning the award with Chinese law and the international framework, the Guide helps ensure awards survive judicial review in China and recognition abroad, including under the New York Convention. Fourth, local expertise: Hunan’s FTZ has full coverage of FTZ courts and international commercial circuit courts across its three areas, an operating international legal-services district in Changsha, and the CIETAC China-Africa Hearing Centre on site — a working dispute-resolution ecosystem rather than paper rules.

Practical steps

Parties considering ad hoc arbitration in the Hunan FTZ should: (1) confirm both parties qualify — the mechanism under the revised Arbitration Law is for disputes between enterprises within the pilot FTZ; (2) draft the arbitration clause using the Guide’s model language, specifying the seat in China, the applicable rules and the appointing authority; (3) decide whether to use the designated institution’s procedural-support services; (4) record the filing required by the Guide so the arbitral process is on the radar of the supervising court; and (5) for foreign counsel, check the Guide’s model clause against the client’s standard dispute-resolution terms. The Guide is also a regional signal: other FTZs are expected to follow with their own practice guides, so the Hunan document is a useful template for what ad hoc arbitration will look like across China. Counsel should also note the broader ecosystem in Hunan — a province whose foreign-related legal-services district in Changsha is operating and whose FTZ courts cover all three areas — since the availability of local judicial and institutional support materially affects how smoothly an ad hoc arbitration will run in practice.

Sources

临时仲裁落地中部：湖南自贸区《临时仲裁指南》解读

《指南》是什么

2026 年 8 月 26 日，”2026 商事仲裁助力湖南营商环境发展高级别对话会”在长沙举行，湖南省贸促会、湖南省高级人民法院、湖南省商务厅（省自贸办）与中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会中非庭审中心联合发布《中国（湖南）自由贸易试验区临时仲裁指南》（下称《指南》）。这是中部地区首部自贸试验区临时仲裁实践指引。《指南》系统梳理中外企业在湖南自贸区通过临时仲裁解决争议的法律依据、程序规则与注意事项，为开展符合中国国情、理念先进、接轨国际、规范灵活的临时仲裁实践提供操作指引。

法律基础

临时仲裁——不设常设仲裁机构管理、由当事人约定仲裁庭与程序的仲裁方式——由新修订的《中华人民共和国仲裁法》首次从立法层面确立，该法于 2026 年 3 月 1 日施行，明确自贸试验区内企业之间的涉外纠纷可选择以中国为仲裁地进行临时仲裁。湖南省级层面跟进迅速：2026 年 7 月印发的自贸试验区提升战略实施方案明确”支持湖南自贸试验区内企业选择临时仲裁方式解决纠纷”。《指南》把这一支持操作化，并坐落在清晰的权力链条之上：新修订《仲裁法》、最高人民法院关于为自贸试验区建设提供司法保障的意见，以及省级实施方案。

《指南》覆盖什么

《指南》厘清三个核心要素。其一，仲裁地：当事人约定中国境内的仲裁地，锚定仲裁适用法律并支撑裁决的国际可执行性。其二，仲裁庭：《指南》说明临时仲裁语境下仲裁庭如何组成，并明确贸仲中非庭审中心作为指定机构可提供仲裁员指定、回避决定、案件秘书等程序辅助服务——这是防止当事人自办仲裁陷入停滞的制度兜底。其三，程序：涉及与中国法院的衔接，包括备案与司法监督要求，确保在自贸区取得的临时仲裁裁决可获认可与执行。此外还配套示范条款与全套文书模板，降低实践门槛。

对外方为何重要

对与湖南自贸区企业签约的外国公司——工程机械制造商、新能源供应商以及经中非经贸深度合作先行区对非贸易的主体——《指南》有四重意义。第一，选择：设在中国境内的临时仲裁对合适争议而言，现在是可信、通常更省时省钱的替代选项。第二，确定性：指定常设机构提供程序支持，回应了”临时仲裁无安全网”的传统顾虑。第三，可执行性：通过与国内法与国际框架对齐，《指南》帮助裁决在国内司法审查与域外（含《纽约公约》框架下）认可与执行中存活。第四，本地生态：湖南自贸区三个片区已实现自贸法庭与国际商事巡回审判庭全覆盖，长沙涉外法务区正式运营，贸仲中非庭审中心落地——是运转中的争议解决生态，而非纸面规则。

操作建议

考虑在湖南自贸区采用临时仲裁的当事人应：（1）确认双方适格——新《仲裁法》下的机制适用于自贸试验区内企业之间的纠纷；（2）使用《指南》示范条款起草仲裁条款，明确中国仲裁地、适用规则与指定机构；（3）决定是否使用指定机构的程序支持服务；（4）按《指南》要求完成备案，使仲裁程序进入监督法院视野；（5）外方律师应把示范条款与客户标准争议解决条款比对。《指南》也是区域信号：其他自贸区预计将跟进发布各自的实践指引，湖南文件因而成为观察中国临时仲裁将如何展开的有用模板。律师还应留意湖南更广的生态——长沙涉外法务区已运营、三个片区自贸法庭全覆盖——本地司法与机构支持的可得性，直接影响临时仲裁在实务中运行的顺畅程度。

Sources