RCEP services commitments run on two tracks: seven of the fifteen members scheduled on a negative list, while China and the other seven used a positive list and must convert within six years of entry into force. RCEP服务贸易承诺采用两种模式并行：15个成员中7个以负面清单方式承诺，中国等其余8个成员采用正面清单，并须在协定生效后6年内转化为负面清单。 China’s services … RCEP beyond tariffs: services commitments, investment negative lists and natural-person mobilityRead more
Sector Restrictions
Decoding China’s 2026 Action Plan for Stabilising and Optimising Foreign Investment
On 16 June 2026, MOFCOM, NDRC and MOF issued the *Action Plan for Stabilising and Optimising Foreign Investment* (Document No. 97 of 2026), a 15-measure package across five dimensions approved by the State Council. 2026年6月16日，商务部、国家发展改革委、财政部联合印发《利用外资固稳促优行动方案》（商资发〔2026〕97号），经国务院同意，围绕五大维度推出15条举措。 The Plan shifts the policy … Decoding China’s 2026 Action Plan for Stabilising and Optimising Foreign InvestmentRead more
Sector Restrictions After Manufacturing Zeroing: Where Foreign Capital Can (and Cannot) Go in 2026
China’s unified Market Access Negative List (2025 edition) was cut to 106 items, down from 117 in 2022, while the foreign-investment access list stands at 29 national items with manufacturing fully zeroed.中国统一市场准入负面清单（2025版）由2022版117项减至106项，外资准入负面清单全国版保留29项、制造业全面清零。 The 2026 policy emphasis has shifted from manufacturing … Sector Restrictions After Manufacturing Zeroing: Where Foreign Capital Can (and Cannot) Go in 2026Read more
Manufacturing Fully Open to Foreign Investment
As of the 2024 negative list, manufacturing is fully open to foreign investment with no remaining restricted entries.自 2024 年版负面清单起，制造业全面向外资产开放，已无残留受限条目。 Foreign investors may wholly own manufacturing WFOEs in China without an equity cap or prior approval for access.外资可全资持有在华制造外商独资企业，无需股比上限或准入事前审批。 The opening … Manufacturing Fully Open to Foreign InvestmentRead more
Telecom and Finance Opening to Foreign Investment
Most financial sub-sectors are now fully open to foreign ownership after caps were removed in 2020–2021.随着 2020—2021 年股比上限取消，多数金融子行业已全面向外资产开放。 Value-added telecom services have been further opened in designated pilot areas rather than nationwide at once.增值电信业务在指定的试点地区进一步开放，而非一次性全国放开。 Foreign banks, securities, fund-management and insurance … Telecom and Finance Opening to Foreign InvestmentRead more
How China’s Negative List Has Cut Sector Restrictions
China’s foreign-investment negative list has been shortened in every major revision since 2013, with entries falling from over 100 to about 30.中国外资负面清单自 2013 年起历次重大修订持续缩减，条目由百余项降至约 30 项。 The 2024 version deleted the entire manufacturing category, making manufacturing fully open to foreign … How China’s Negative List Has Cut Sector RestrictionsRead more
Sector Restrictions on Foreign Investment in China
Sector restrictions on foreign investment in China are organized through the foreign-investment negative list, not a scattered set of laws.中国对外资的分行业限制通过外资负面清单组织，而非分散于各法律。 The 2024 negative list removed the entire manufacturing category, leaving restrictions concentrated in services and a few sensitive fields.2024 年版负面清单删除了整个制造业类别，限制集中于服务业及少数敏感领域。 … Sector Restrictions on Foreign Investment in ChinaRead more
Industry restrictions by sector: a quick map
At the national level, manufacturing is effectively open, agriculture and mining carry a few hard prohibitions, and services, media, education and healthcare hold most remaining restrictions. 全国层面制造业基本放开；农业与矿业保留少量硬性禁止；服务业、传媒、教育、医疗承载了剩余限制的主要部分。 Agriculture bans investment in rare-Chinese-variety R&D/breeding, transgenic breeding, and fishing in Chinese waters; … Industry restrictions by sector: a quick mapRead more