All posts by adm0n

Employment Management / 雇佣管理

Hiring foreign staff just got faster: the work-permit + residence-permit joint window rolling out across China

  • On 12 August 2026 Jinan High-tech Zone opened a joint work-permit and residence-permit window — the first in Jinan to combine “one submission, parallel approval, one-stop completion” for foreign employees, cutting the old 35-working-day serial process to about 10 days.
    2026年8月12日，济南高新区启用”外国人来华工作许可、居留许可联办窗口”——济南首个实现”一次提交、并联审批、一站式办结”的联办窗口，将原先约35个工作日的串联流程压缩至10个工作日左右。
  • The window is a local expression of the national “one thing” (高效办成一件事) reform: work permit, residence permit, social-insurance registration and related services are integrated into a single service zone with a dedicated foreign-talent team.
    该窗口是国家级”高效办成一件事”改革在地方的具体落地：工作许可、居留许可、社保登记及相关服务被整合进单一服务专区，并配有专门的外籍人才服务团队。
  • First-day users confirmed the speed: a Russian employee renewed his residence permit in under ten minutes after his employer’s foreign-affairs liaison submitted documents online in advance.
    启用首日的体验印证了提速：一名俄罗斯籍员工在单位外管联络员线上预提交材料后，不到十分钟即完成居留许可延期全部手续。
  • Beyond the core approvals, the Jinan service zone bundles social-insurance registration and changes, professional-title consultation and value-added services such as notarisation and talent-policy briefings for a “one door, everything done” experience.
    核心审批之外，济南服务专区还整合社保登记及信息变更、职称评定咨询对接等延伸服务，并引入涉外公证办理、人才政策深度解读等增值服务，实现”进一扇门、办所有事”。
  • The same model is spreading across cities — Zhengzhou (30-plus to 10 working days), Dongguan Songshan Lake (single-window parallel approval since July 2026) and Xiamen (application documents cut from 42 to 21, a 50% reduction) — signalling a national standard for foreign-talent onboarding.
    同一模式正多城铺开——郑州（30余天压缩至10个工作日）、东莞松山湖（2026年7月起一窗办理并联审批）、厦门（申请材料从42份精简至21份，精简50%）——预示外籍人才入职服务正形成全国性标准。
  • For HR teams hiring foreign staff, the practical implication is a faster, cheaper onboarding path in participating cities, but processes still start with the employer: online pre-filing by the company is what unlocks the ten-minute counter experience.
    对招聘外籍员工的人力资源团队而言，实际含义是试点城市入职更快、成本更低，但流程仍始于雇主：企业的线上预提交，正是解锁”十分钟办结”体验的前提。

Hiring foreign staff just got faster: the work-permit + residence-permit joint window rolling out across China | 外籍员工入职提速：外国人工作许可与居留许可联办窗口多地铺开

Overview

On the morning of 12 August 2026, the Jinan High-tech Zone government service centre put into operation a joint work-permit and residence-permit window (外国人来华工作许可、居留许可联办窗口) — the first in Jinan to achieve “one submission, parallel approval, one-stop completion” for foreign employees. The window is a concrete local expression of the State Council’s “efficient handling of one thing” (高效办成一件事) reform applied to foreign-talent onboarding.

The model is not unique to Jinan. Throughout 2026, cities including Zhengzhou, Dongguan (Songshan Lake), Xiamen and Zhanjiang have been consolidating the once-serial process — work permit from the science/technology authority, residence permit from the public-security exit-entry authority, social-insurance registration, and in some cities professional-title and tax matters — into a single integrated procedure. The result is that the administrative cost of hiring foreign employees is falling sharply in the cities that have adopted the model.

What the joint window changes

For a foreign hire, the old path ran through multiple counters in sequence: the work permit first (issued by the local science and technology bureau under the foreigner’s work-permit system), then the work-type residence permit (public security), then social-insurance registration, each with its own documents and waiting times. The serial process commonly stretched to 30–35 working days.

The joint window collapses that sequence into a single intake:

  • One submission. The employer (or the employee with employer support) files once, online in advance, covering the work permit and, where applicable, the residence permit and social-insurance items.
  • Parallel approval. The science/technology and public-security authorities review concurrently instead of waiting for each other; approval time falls from 30–35 working days to about 10 working days in Jinan and Zhengzhou.
  • One-stop completion. Documents are issued from one service zone, which also hosts related services — social-insurance registration and change, professional-title consultation, and value-added offerings such as foreign-related notarisation and talent-policy briefings.

On opening day, the first user — a Russian employee of a Jinan import-export company needing a residence-permit extension — completed all procedures in under ten minutes, after his company’s foreign-affairs liaison had filed the documents online in advance. Jinan officials report work-permit volumes up 35% year on year since the reform, with foreign-founded tech companies up 28%.

How the model is spreading

  • Jinan. The High-tech Zone window integrates work permit, residence permit, social insurance and related items; processing time is compressed from 35 working days to 10, with the science-and-technology bureau, public security and human-resources authorities cooperating. A “certificate-card integration” reform lets foreign talent bind information through the e-social-security-card app after entry without applying for a separate physical work permit.
  • Zhengzhou. The exit-entry administration set up a one-window, parallel-approval service for foreign talent, cutting approval from over 30 working days to within 10. Since the pilot, the city has processed over 1,600 applications, up 65%, with satisfaction above 99.5%. It also runs batch service sessions for employers with multiple hires and published a materials checklist and online pre-review channel.
  • Dongguan Songshan Lake. Since 1 July 2026, work-permit applications are accepted at the comprehensive counter of the Songshan Lake civic centre, with the municipal science-and-technology bureau and exit-entry authorities approving in parallel under “one window, one set of materials, parallel approval, unified issuance”.
  • Xiamen. The human-resources bureau, with public security and tax, restructured four related matters from a serial three-department process into integrated acceptance, cutting application documents from 42 to 21 — a 50% reduction — a practice Fujian’s development-reform commission is promoting province-wide as a model experience.
  • Zhanjiang. A comprehensive acceptance window at the exit-entry centre handles work permit, residence document, social-insurance registration and social-security-card application, with process steps cut by nearly 80% and approval time down by over 50%.

What it means for employers

For HR and mobility teams hiring foreign staff in China, the joint-window roll-out changes the operating picture in several ways:

  • Faster time-to-work. Where the model applies, the sequence from offer to work permit and residence permit can drop from over a month to roughly two weeks, which shortens the gap between signing and start date.
  • Lower document burden. Cities such as Xiamen have cut document counts by half; the employer no longer prepares separate packages for each authority.
  • Employer pre-filing is the key step. The counter experience is fast because the employer files online first. HR should treat the online pre-submission as the critical path and build a small workflow (foreign-affairs liaison, document checklist, timing) around it.
  • Benefits beyond permits. The integrated service zones typically add social-insurance registration, professional-title consultation and notarisation support, which matter for the employee’s first months in China.
  • City selection matters. The model is spreading but not yet universal. When deciding where to base a new hire or entity, the presence of a joint window (and its actual processing time) is now a legitimate factor alongside the usual talent-pool and cost considerations.

Practical steps

  • For each hire, confirm whether the target city operates a joint work-permit/residence-permit window and what the current processing time is.
  • Assign a foreign-affairs liaison to own the online pre-filing, using the city’s published materials checklist to prepare documents before the employee arrives.
  • Coordinate the social-insurance registration and social-security-card steps into the same intake where the service zone supports it.
  • For employers with multiple simultaneous hires, check whether the city offers batch sessions (as Zhengzhou does) to compress the whole group’s timeline.
  • Keep the employee’s documents (passport, degree authentication, no-criminal-record certificate, medical report, labour contract) in a standardised pack so the online filing can be completed without back-and-forth.

Sources

  • 济南高新技术产业开发区管理委员会 — 济南首个！外国人来华工作、居留许可一站办结窗口启用: https://innovation.jinan.gov.cn/col/col127084/art/2026/art_1dd2837897724aa08da7dcf267ebbe83.html
  • 中国网 — 一位美籍科学家在济南高新区连说”很满意”（济南联办窗口运行报道）: https://ccpd.china.com.cn/2026-08/13/content_43476057.html
  • 郑州市公安局出入境（郑州日报数字报） — 从”过关”到”回家”：郑州打造外籍人才服务新生态: https://zzrb.zynews.cn/html/2026-08/07/content_1559265.htm

Related reading

  • see also: Short-term work permits for foreigners in China — the 90-day track (338-short-term-work-permit-90-days)
  • see also: Employer checklist for hiring and managing foreign staff (参考人力资源一级栏目相关文章)

外籍员工入职提速：外国人工作许可与居留许可联办窗口多地铺开

概述

2026年8月12日上午，济南高新区政务服务中心”外国人来华工作许可、居留许可联办窗口“正式投入运行——这是济南首个实现外籍员工”一次提交、并联审批、一站式办结”的联办窗口。它是国务院”高效办成一件事”改革应用于外籍人才入职的具体落地。

该模式并非济南独有。2026年以来，郑州、东莞（松山湖）、厦门、湛江等城市陆续把过去串行的流程——科技部门签发工作许可、公安出入境部门办理居留许可、社保登记、部分城市还含职称与税务事项——整合为单一集成流程。结果是，在已采用该模式的城市，雇佣外籍员工的行政成本正在明显下降。

联办窗口改变了什么

对外籍雇员而言，旧路径要在多个窗口串行奔波：先办工作许可（由地方科技部门依据外国人来华工作许可制度签发），再办工作类居留许可（公安出入境），然后办理社保登记，每个环节各有单证与等待时间。串行流程通常拖到30至35个工作日。

联办窗口把这一串行流程压缩为一次受理：

  • 一次提交。 由雇主（或雇主支持下的雇员）提前在线一次性提交，覆盖工作许可及适用的居留许可与社保事项。
  • 并联审批。 科技与公安出入境部门并行审核，互不等待；济南、郑州的审批时限由30至35个工作日压缩至约10个工作日。
  • 一站式办结。 证照在一个服务专区发出，专区还承载社保登记与变更、职称咨询，以及涉外公证、人才政策解读等增值服务。

启用首日，首位体验者——济南一家进出口公司的俄籍员工需办理居留许可延期——在公司外管联络员提前线上提交材料后，不到十分钟即办完全部手续。济南方面介绍，改革以来全市工作许可办理量同比增长35%，外籍人才创办科技型企业数量同比增长28%。

模式如何铺开

  • 济南。 高新区窗口整合工作许可、居留许可、社保及相关事项；市科技局、公安、人社联动，办理时限由35个工作日压缩至10个；推行”证卡融合”，外籍人才入境后通过电子社保卡APP即可完成信息绑定，无需另行申领实体工作许可。
  • 郑州。 出入境管理部门设立外籍人才”一窗通办、并联审批”专属服务窗口，审批时限由30多个工作日压缩至10个工作日以内；试点以来全市办理量1600余件、同比增长65%，满意度保持99.5%以上；对多批次招聘的雇主推出”专场服务+延时办理”，并发布材料清单规范与线上预审通道。
  • 东莞松山湖。 自2026年7月1日起，工作许可纳入松山湖市民中心综合窗口，依托东莞移民事务服务中心松山湖分中心，实现”一窗受理、一套材料、并联审批、统一出证”，科技与公安出入境部门同步审批。
  • 厦门。 市人社局牵头，联合公安、税务，把4个相关事项由”三部门串行”改造为集成受理，申请材料从42份精简至21份、精简50%，福建省发改委已将其作为2026年第二批优化营商环境典型经验全省推广。
  • 湛江。 在出入境管理中心设综合受理窗口，整合工作许可、居留证件、社保登记、社保卡申领等事项，办事环节压缩近80%、审批时间平均减少50%以上。

对雇主的意义

对在华招聘外籍员工的人力资源与派遣团队而言，联办窗口的铺开从几个方面改变操作图景：

  • 更快到岗。 在适用模式下，从录用通知到工作许可与居留许可的周期可由超过一个月缩短至约两周，压缩签约与入职之间的空档。
  • 单证负担更轻。 厦门等城市单证数量减半；雇主不再需要为每个部门准备独立材料包。
  • 雇主预提交是关键一步。 窗口之所以快，是因为雇主先在线申报。人力资源团队应把线上预提交视为关键路径，并围绕它建立小工作流（外管联络员、材料清单、时间节点）。
  • 许可之外的福利。 集成服务专区通常附带社保登记、职称咨询与公证支持，对雇员在华头几个月的生活工作都很有用。
  • 城市选择变得重要。 该模式在推广但尚未普及。决定新雇员或新实体设在哪个城市时，是否设有联办窗口（及其实际办理时长）如今与人才池、成本等因素一样值得纳入考量。

实务建议

  • 针对每位新雇员，确认目标城市是否设有工作许可与居留许可联办窗口，以及当前实际办理时长。
  • 指定外管联络员负责线上预提交，依据城市发布的最新材料清单在雇员到岗前备齐文件。
  • 在服务专区支持的情况下，把社保登记与社保卡办理纳入同一次受理。
  • 若一次多人入职，询问城市是否提供批量专场（如郑州），以压缩整组时间线。
  • 把雇员材料（护照、学历认证、无犯罪记录证明、体检报告、劳动合同）做成标准化文件包，避免线上申报来回补件。

来源

  • 济南高新技术产业开发区管理委员会 — 济南首个！外国人来华工作、居留许可一站办结窗口启用: https://innovation.jinan.gov.cn/col/col127084/art/2026/art_1dd2837897724aa08da7dcf267ebbe83.html
  • 中国网 — 一位美籍科学家在济南高新区连说”很满意”（济南联办窗口运行报道）: https://ccpd.china.com.cn/2026-08/13/content_43476057.html
  • 郑州日报数字报 — 从”过关”到”回家”：郑州打造外籍人才服务新生态: https://zzrb.zynews.cn/html/2026-08/07/content_1559265.htm

相关阅读

  • 见：外国人来华短期工作许可（90天以内）办理详解（338-short-term-work-permit-90-days）
  • 见：人力资源栏目相关外籍雇员管理文章
Tax Compliance / 税务合规

VAT input deduction “red-green light” list clarified: MOF–STA Announcement 2026 No. 25

  • MOF–STA Announcement 2026 No. 25 (issued 27 August 2026) sets out a two-list rule for input-VAT deductibility on non-taxable transactions, effective 1 September 2026, with retroactive application to matters occurring between 1 January and 31 August 2026 that were not yet processed.
    财政部、税务总局2026年第25号公告（2026年8月27日印发）就非应税交易的进项税额抵扣作出”两清单”规定，自2026年9月1日起施行，并对2026年1月1日至8月31日期间已发生未处理的事项追溯适用。
  • The green-light list sets out six scenarios where input tax is deductible even though no taxable transaction occurs: insurance indemnity, donations, penalties on unperformed contracts, gratuitous services, related receivables transfer, and non-earmarked fiscal subsidies.
    绿灯清单列明六种”虽未发生应税交易但进项税额仍可抵扣”的情形：保险赔付、接受捐赠、合同未履行取得的违约金、无偿提供服务、相关应收账款转让、与销售不直接挂钩的财政补贴。
  • The red-light list sets out four scenarios where input tax is not deductible: supplies not constituting a taxable transaction within China, paid equity transfers, dividends from equity holdings, and goods-futures trading (excluding physical delivery).
    红灯清单列明四种”进项税额不得抵扣”的情形：不属于在境内发生应税交易的销售、有偿转让股权、持有股权取得的股息红利、货物期货交易（不含实物交割）。
  • Eight administrative clarifications (Articles 3–10) address agricultural-product invoices, technical-school exemptions, first-admission tickets, asset-restructuring financial-goods cost basis, immovable acquisition forms, waiver of preferences, telecom freebies, and invoice discounts.
    第3至10条共八项征管口径，明确农产品销售发票、技工院校免税、第一道门票、资产重组金融商品买入价、不动产取得形式、放弃优惠、电信附赠、折扣开票等事项。
  • For foreign-invested enterprises the announcement mainly removes uncertainty on the boundary between taxable and non-taxable flows — directly affecting how groups treat insurance recoveries, donations, contract penalties, intercompany service waivers, and cross-border supplies.
    对外商投资企业而言，本公告的重点在于消除”应税与非应税流动边界”上的不确定性，直接影响集团如何对待保险赔款、接受捐赠、合同违约金、关联服务无偿提供以及跨境供给等事项。
  • Legacy rules are repealed: Article 11 voids the first article of CaiShui [2007] No. 127 and related provisions listed in the attachment.
    旧规同步废止：第11条废止财税〔2007〕127号第一条及附件所列相关条款。

VAT input deduction “red-green light” list clarified: MOF–STA Announcement 2026 No. 25 | 进项抵扣”红绿灯”清单落地：财政部 税务总局2026年第25号公告解读

Overview

On 27 August 2026, the Ministry of Finance (MOF) and the State Taxation Administration (STA) issued Announcement 2026 No. 25 — Concerning the Clarification of Value-Added Tax Matters Including Non-Taxable Transactions (财政部 税务总局公告2026年第25号). Built directly on the VAT Law (President Order No. 41) and its implementing regulations (State Council Order No. 826), the announcement resolves a long-contested corner of China’s VAT system: when a payment or receipt does not itself constitute a taxable transaction, can the associated input VAT still be credited?

The answer takes the form of two lists. Article 1 enumerates six “green-light” situations where input tax is deductible even though no taxable transaction has occurred. Article 2 enumerates four “red-light” situations where input tax is not deductible. Articles 3–10 settle eight administrative questions, and Article 11 sets the effective date (1 September 2026) with a retroactive clause covering 1 January–31 August 2026.

Background: the non-taxable transaction carve-out

Under the VAT Law and its implementing regulations, certain receipts are expressly outside the scope of taxable transactions (非应税交易). The implementing regulations (Art. 22) provide that input tax attributable to such non-taxable transactions generally cannot be deducted — the logic being that input tax should not be credited on a cost that does not generate taxable output.

The difficulty always lay at the edges. A manufacturer receives an insurance payout after a fire: is the related input tax deductible, or trapped by a non-taxable receipt? A group waives a management fee for a sister company: does the waived service lock in a non-deductible input on the cost side? Before Announcement 2026 No. 25, taxpayers relied on scattered circulars and local practice. The announcement consolidates the answer.

The green-light list: six deductible cases (Article 1)

Article 1 states that where a taxpayer falls into any of the following, the situation is not a “non-deductible non-taxable transaction” under Implementing Regulation Art. 22, and the corresponding input tax may be deducted from output tax in the normal way:

  1. Insurance indemnity received as the insured (作为被保险人获得保险赔付). The payout is not a taxable sale, yet the input tax on the insured asset or cost remains creditable.
  2. Accepting monetary or non-monetary asset donations (接受货币性资产或者非货币性资产捐赠). Donations received are outside taxable scope, but related input tax is deductible.
  3. Penalties or liquidated damages from an unperformed contract where no taxable transaction occurred (因合同未履行且未发生应税交易而取得违约金等收入). A break-fee or penalty paid because a deal never closed is not a taxable supply; its input tax is nonetheless deductible to the recipient.
  4. Gratuitous provision of services, excluding gratuitous transfer of financial goods (无偿提供服务，不含无偿转让金融商品). A free service (for example a complimentary value-added service, a membership benefit, or a trial service offered to a customer) does not create a taxable supply, but the provider’s input tax on delivering it stays deductible.
  5. Transfer of receivables or debts arising from the taxpayer’s own taxable transactions, excluding securities (转让因自身发生应税交易取得的与之相关的应收账款等债权，不含有价证券). Factoring or assignment of trade receivables linked to one’s own sales keeps the input tax deductible; the carve-out for securities is deliberate.
  6. Fiscal subsidies not directly linked to the revenue or quantity of goods, services, intangibles, or immovables sold (按照有关政策规定取得，且与其销售货物、服务、无形资产、不动产的收入或者数量不直接挂钩的财政补贴). The long-debated “linked vs. unlinked” subsidy test is settled: only subsidies directly tied to sales revenue or volume are treated as taxable; unrelated policy subsidies leave input tax intact.

In practice, the green list tells finance teams that many “non-sale” inflows no longer strand the input tax behind them.

The red-light list: four non-deductible cases (Article 2)

Article 2 confirms four situations that are “non-deductible non-taxable transactions” under Implementing Regulation Art. 22, so the corresponding input tax cannot be credited:

  1. Supplies that do not constitute a “taxable transaction occurring within China” under VAT Law Art. 4 (销售货物、服务、无形资产、不动产不属于增值税法第四条在境内发生应税交易所列情形的). Where the entire supply is consumed outside China and falls outside the territorial scope, the input tax is not deductible.
  2. Paid equity transfer, excluding securities (有偿转让股权，不含有价证券). Transfer of equity interests for consideration is outside VAT scope, and its input tax is not deductible; securities are carved out to the separate financial-goods regime.
  3. Dividends from equity holdings (持有股权取得的股息红利和持有股份公司普通股取得的股息红利). Both non-security equity dividends and ordinary-share dividends are non-taxable and non-deductible on the input side.
  4. Goods-futures trading, excluding the physical-delivery leg (货物期货交易，不含实物交割环节). Trading of goods-futures contracts is non-taxable; only the physical-delivery portion remains within VAT.

The red list matters most for holding companies, treasury functions, and groups running offshore or exchange-traded activity: the input tax on costs supporting those flows will not credit.

Eight administrative clarifications (Articles 3–10)

Articles 3–10 close gaps that had generated inconsistent local treatment:

  • Art. 3 — Agricultural-product sales invoice is defined as the ordinary invoice issued by a self-producing agricultural producer selling self-produced farm products under the VAT-exemption policy. This pins down what counts as a creditable farm-product voucher.
  • Art. 4 — Technical schools, senior technical schools, and technician institutes eligible for the education VAT exemption are clarified to include those approved by provincial-and-above human-resources authorities or established under other applicable rules, widening the recognised institution scope.
  • Art. 5 — “First-admission ticket” revenue means ticket income from entry through the first main gate only. Tickets for special exhibitions, dedicated performances, or temporary events held in specific internal areas of the venue are not first-admission tickets and fall outside this exemption. The exemption thus protects the core gate while the specified internal-area events remain outside the exemption and are taxed under the normal rules.
  • Art. 6 — Asset-restructuring financial goods: where a restructuring is outside VAT scope, if the transferee later resells the financial goods involved, the cost basis (买入价) is determined by the transferor’s original cost basis. This prevents double-counting and preserves continuity across restructurings.
  • Art. 7 — Immovable and land-use-right acquisitions under the preferential-policy衔接 Announcement 2026 No. 10 include acquisitions by direct purchase, donation, equity investment, self-construction, debt offset, restructuring, and other forms — confirming the breadth of qualifying acquisition modes.
  • Art. 8 — Waiver of a VAT preference requires a written declaration stating the start date, filed with the competent tax authority for record. This formalises the renunciation procedure.
  • Art. 9 — Telecom freebies: when a telecom operator bundles a free SIM card or terminal with a service, the total consideration must be separately accounted by applicable tax rate, with VAT computed on each portion — preventing the free gift from being treated as a zero-rated throw-in.
  • Art. 10 — Invoice discounts: where price and discount are both stated in the “amount” column of the same invoice, the discounted (ex-tax) price is the sales amount; if not stated in that column, the discount cannot be deducted from the sales amount. This is the classic invoicing-discipline rule, now restated under the new law.

Effective date and retroactive application (Article 11)

  • The announcement takes effect on 1 September 2026.
  • It repeals the first article of CaiShui [2007] No. 127 (财政部 国家税务总局关于增值税纳税人放弃免税权有关问题的通知) and the related provisions listed in the attachment.
  • Matters that occurred between 1 January 2026 and 31 August 2026 but were not yet processed are governed by this announcement. Taxpayers with open periods in that window should re-test any non-taxable-transaction input treatment against the new lists.

Practical notes for foreign-invested enterprises

The announcement is statutory in tone — it tells taxpayers where the deduction boundary sits. For foreign-invested enterprises, the operational consequences follow directly from the two lists:

  • Insurance and treasury flows. Multinationals carrying insurance recoveries, break-fees, or intercompany penalties can now credit the related input tax with a clear legal basis under Art. 1.
  • Cross-border supplies. The offshore carve-out (red-light No. 1) confirms that supplies wholly consumed outside China fall outside China VAT scope.
  • Holding-company costs. Dividends and equity transfers will not credit input tax under red-light Nos. 2–3; groups should cost those activities on a net-of-input basis.
  • Policy subsidies. Confirm whether each subsidy received is “directly linked” to sales. Unlinked subsidies no longer endanger the input chain.

Worked examples

*Insurance recovery.* A plant suffers equipment damage and receives a RMB 5m insurance indemnity. Under Art. 1(1) the payout is a green-light receipt; the input VAT on the repaired equipment and the restoration services remains deductible.

*Unperformed contract penalty.* A JV pays a RMB 2m break-fee when an acquisition collapses before any taxable transaction occurs. Under Art. 1(3) the penalty is a green-light item; the JV’s input VAT on advisory and legal costs supporting the aborted deal stays deductible.

*Dividend funding.* A holding company funds itself with dividend income from subsidiaries. Under red-light No. 3 the dividends are non-taxable and their related input tax is non-deductible — the holding company should not expect to credit admin and finance costs against them.

What to do next

  • Map “non-sale” inflows (insurance, penalties, donations, subsidies, waived services) against the Art. 1 green list; confirm the related input tax is credited.
  • Review holding-company and treasury flows against the Art. 2 red list; re-cost non-deductible activities on a net basis.
  • Re-open any VAT period from 1 Jan–31 Aug 2026 still unprocessed and re-test treatment under the new rules.
  • Confirm each subsidy’s “direct linkage” status and retain evidence that unlinked subsidies are policy-based.
  • Apply the Art. 8 (written waiver), Art. 9 (telecom freebies) and Art. 10 (discount-in-amount-column) disciplines to relevant invoices and contracts.

Sources

  • 国家税务总局政策法规库 — 财政部 税务总局公告2026年第25号《关于明确非应税交易等增值税有关事项的公告》: https://fgk.chinatax.gov.cn/zcfgk/c102416/c5252024/content.html
  • 国家税务总局政策法规库 — 中华人民共和国增值税法（主席令第四十一号）: https://fgk.chinatax.gov.cn/zcfgk/c100009/c5237365/content.html
  • 国家税务总局政策法规库 — 中华人民共和国增值税法实施条例（国务院令第八百二十六号）: https://fgk.chinatax.gov.cn/zcfgk/c100010/c5246349/content.html
  • 国家税务总局政策法规库 — 财政部 税务总局关于增值税法施行后增值税优惠政策衔接事项的公告（2026年第10号）: https://fgk.chinatax.gov.cn/zcfgk/c102416/c5247434/content.html

Related reading

  • see also: VAT reform — what foreign firms should note (20-vat-reform-foreign-firms)
  • see also: Small-scale taxpayer VAT relief (19-small-scale-taxpayer-vat-relief)
  • see also: Labour-dispatch VAT differential treatment (359-labour-dispatch-vat)

进项抵扣”红绿灯”清单落地：财政部 税务总局2026年第25号公告解读

概述

2026年8月27日，财政部、国家税务总局印发《关于明确非应税交易等增值税有关事项的公告》（财政部 税务总局公告2026年第25号）。该公告直接依托《增值税法》（主席令第四十一号）及其实施条例（国务院令第八百二十六号），厘清了中国增值税体系中长期存在实操分歧的一个问题：当一笔收付本身不构成应税交易时，与之相关的进项税额是否仍可抵扣？

答案被归纳为”两张清单”。第一条列举六种”绿灯”情形——虽未发生应税交易，但进项税额可以抵扣；第二条列举四种”红灯”情形——进项税额不得抵扣。第三至十条梳理了八项征管口径问题，第十一条明确施行日期（2026年9月1日），并对2026年1月1日至8月31日期间已发生未处理的事项作出追溯适用规定。

背景：非应税交易的处理难题

依据《增值税法》及其实施条例，部分收款被明确排除在应税交易范围之外（非应税交易）。实施条例第二十二条已明确，归属于此类非应税交易的进项税额一般不得抵扣——其逻辑在于，对一项不产生应税产出的成本，不应允许抵扣其进项税。

真正的难点一直在边界情形。制造商因火灾取得保险赔付：这笔收款的进项税是可抵扣，还是因属非应税收款而”锁死”相关进项？集团为姊妹公司免除一笔管理费：这项无偿服务是否会导致成本侧进项税不可抵扣？在25号公告之前，纳税人只能依赖零散通知与各地口径。2026年第25号公告对此作出系统整合。

绿灯清单：六种可抵扣情形（第一条）

第一条规定，纳税人有下列情形之一，不属于实施条例第二十二条所称”不得抵扣的非应税交易”，相应进项税额可按规定从销项税额中抵扣：

  1. 作为被保险人获得保险赔付。 赔付本身不是应税销售，但保险标的或成本对应的进项税额仍可抵扣。
  2. 接受货币性资产或者非货币性资产捐赠。 接受捐赠虽在应税范围之外，相关进项税额仍可抵扣。
  3. 因合同未履行且未发生应税交易而取得违约金等收入。 因交易最终未达成而支付的违约金、解约金等不属于应税供给，但其进项税对收款方而言仍可抵扣。
  4. 无偿提供服务（不含无偿转让金融商品）。 免费服务（如向客户提供的附赠增值服务、会员权益服务、试用服务等）不产生应税供给，但提供方交付该服务所发生的进项税额仍可抵扣。
  5. 转让因自身发生应税交易取得的与之相关的应收账款等债权（不含有价证券）。 与自身销售相关的应收账款保理或转让，其进项税保持可抵扣；特别将”有价证券”排除在外是刻意为之。
  6. 按照有关政策规定取得，且与其销售货物、服务、无形资产、不动产的收入或者数量不直接挂钩的财政补贴。 长期争议的”挂钩与不挂钩”补贴测试就此落定：仅与销售收入或销量直接挂钩的补贴才视为应税；无关的政策性补贴不影响进项税。

实操上，绿灯清单告诉财务团队：许多”非销售”流入，不再会拖累其背后的进项税。

红灯清单：四种不得抵扣情形（第二条）

第二条确认四种属于实施条例第二十二条所称”不得抵扣的非应税交易”的情形，相应进项税额不得抵扣：

  1. 销售货物、服务、无形资产、不动产不属于《增值税法》第四条在境内发生应税交易所列情形的。 整项供给在境外消费、落在境内征税范围之外时，进项税不予抵扣。
  2. 有偿转让股权（不含有价证券）。 有偿转让股权在增值税范围之外，其进项税不予抵扣（有价证券被排除在单独的金融商品规则之外）。
  3. 持有股权取得的股息红利和持有股份公司普通股取得的股息红利。 无论非有价证券的股权股息，还是普通股股息，均属非应税，进项侧亦不得抵扣。
  4. 货物期货交易（不含实物交割环节）。 货物期货合约交易属非应税；仅实物交割环节仍纳入增值税。

红灯清单对控股公司、资金财资职能，以及开展离岸或场内交易的集团影响最大：支撑这些流动的成本所对应的进项税将无法抵扣。

八项征管口径澄清（第三至十条）

第三至十条封堵了长期导致各地处理不一的缺口：

  • 第三条 — 农产品销售发票，界定为农业生产者销售自产农产品适用免征增值税政策而开具的普通发票，明确了可抵扣农产品凭证的范围。
  • 第四条 — 技工学校、高级技工学校、技师学院，对可享受教育增值税免税的院校范围作出澄清，纳入经省级及以上人社部门批准成立或依其他规定设立的院校，拓宽了认可机构范围。
  • 第五条 — “第一道门票收入”，指观众进入首道大门收取的门票收入；在场馆内部特定区域举办特别展览、专场演出、临时活动等收取的门票收入，不属于第一道门票收入，不享受该项免税。此举在保护核心门禁免税的同时，将场馆内特定区域专项活动的门票明确排除在免税之外，仍按相关规定征收增值税。
  • 第六条 — 资产重组金融商品：对不征收增值税的资产重组业务，若接收方后续再转让所涉金融商品，其买入价以重组转让方的买入价确定。这避免重复计算，保持重组前后的连续性。
  • 第七条 — 不动产和土地使用权取得形式，依据2026年第10号优惠衔接公告取得的范围，包括直接购买、接受捐赠、接受投资入股、自建、抵债、资产重组等各种形式——确认了合格取得方式的广度。
  • 第八条 — 放弃增值税优惠，须以书面形式提交放弃声明并注明起始时间，报主管税务机关备案。此举将旧的放弃程序规范化。
  • 第九条 — 电信附赠：电信运营商附带赠送用户识别卡、电信终端等货物时，应将全部价款按各自适用税率分别核算，分别计缴增值税——防止附赠物被当作零税率的搭售。
  • 第十条 — 折扣开票：价款与折扣额在同一张发票”金额”栏分别注明的，以折扣后不含税价款为销售额；未在该栏注明的，折扣额不得从销售额中扣除。这是经典的发票纪律规则，在新法下再次明确。

施行日期与追溯适用（第十一条）

  • 本公告自 2026年9月1日 起施行。
  • 同时废止财税〔2007〕127号（财政部 国家税务总局关于增值税纳税人放弃免税权有关问题的通知）第一条及附件所列相关条款。
  • 2026年1月1日至2026年8月31日期间已发生未处理的事项，按本公告规定执行。在该窗口内仍有未结期间的纳税人，应依据新清单重新审视非应税交易的进项处理。

对外商投资企业的实务提示

本公告立场属成文法性质——它只是告诉纳税人抵扣边界在哪里。对外商投资企业而言，实操影响直接源于上述两张清单：

  • 保险与财资流动。 持有保险赔款、解约费或关联违约金的跨国集团，如今可依据第一条就相关进项税获得清晰抵扣依据。
  • 跨境供给。 离岸除外情形（红灯第1项）确认：完全在境外消费的供给不属中国增值税范围。
  • 控股公司成本。 股息与股权转让依红灯第2、3项不抵扣进项税；集团应以”不含进项”的口径核算此类活动成本。
  • 政策性补贴。 确认所收每项补贴是否”直接挂钩”于销售。不挂钩补贴不再危及抵扣链条。

实务示例

*保险赔付。* 某工厂设备受损，获赔500万元保险赔款。依第一条第（一）项，该赔付属绿灯收款；修复设备及复原服务对应的进项税仍可抵扣。

*合同未履行违约金。* 某合资企业在收购未达成、未发生应税交易前支付200万元解约费。依第一条第（三）项，该违约金属绿灯项目；合资企业就中止交易所发生顾问、法律费用的进项税保持可抵扣。

*股息筹资。* 某控股公司以子公司股息为其自身融资。依红灯第3项，股息属非应税，其相关进项税不得抵扣——控股公司不应预期就管理、财务费用抵扣进项。

下一步建议

  • 将”非销售”流入（保险、违约金、捐赠、补贴、无偿服务）对照第一条绿灯清单逐项排查，确认相关进项税已抵扣。
  • 依据第二条红灯清单复核控股公司与财资流动；以净额口径重新核算不可抵扣活动。
  • 重新打开2026年1月1日至8月31日之间任何尚未处理的增值税属期，按新规则复核进项处理。
  • 确认每项补贴的”直接挂钩”状态；留存证据表明不挂钩补贴系政策属性而非销售挂钩。
  • 对涉及事项，依第八条（书面放弃优惠）、第九条（电信附赠）与第十条（折扣金额栏注明）更新发票与合同模板。

来源

  • 国家税务总局政策法规库 — 财政部 税务总局公告2026年第25号《关于明确非应税交易等增值税有关事项的公告》: https://fgk.chinatax.gov.cn/zcfgk/c102416/c5252024/content.html
  • 国家税务总局政策法规库 — 中华人民共和国增值税法（主席令第四十一号）: https://fgk.chinatax.gov.cn/zcfgk/c100009/c5237365/content.html
  • 国家税务总局政策法规库 — 中华人民共和国增值税法实施条例（国务院令第八百二十六号）: https://fgk.chinatax.gov.cn/zcfgk/c100010/c5246349/content.html
  • 国家税务总局政策法规库 — 财政部 税务总局关于增值税法施行后增值税优惠政策衔接事项的公告（2026年第10号）: https://fgk.chinatax.gov.cn/zcfgk/c102416/c5247434/content.html

相关阅读

  • 见：增值税改革——外资企业注意事项（20-vat-reform-foreign-firms）
  • 见：小规模纳税人增值税优惠（19-small-scale-taxpayer-vat-relief）
  • 见：劳务派遣增值税差额处理（359-labour-dispatch-vat）
Tax Compliance / 税务合规, Tax Types / 税种

China Restores the 20% Tax on Foreign Individuals’ Dividend Income from FIEs: MOF/STA Announcement No. 27 (2026)

  • From 1 September 2026, dividend and bonus income that a foreign individual derives from a foreign-invested enterprise (FIE) is subject to individual income tax under the “interest, dividends and bonuses” category, taxed at a flat 20% rate, ending the exemption in place since 1994.
    自 2026 年 9 月 1 日起，外籍个人从外商投资企业（FIE）取得的股息红利所得，按”利息、股息、红利所得”项目缴纳个人所得税，适用 20% 税率，终结了自 1994 年起实施的免税安排。
  • FIEs must withhold and remit the tax when distributing dividends to foreign individuals, and file the return within 15 days of the month following the payment.
    外商投资企业向外籍个人支付股息红利时应当代扣代缴税款，并于支付所得的次月 15 日内申报纳税。
  • Where the FIE fails to withhold, the foreign individual must pay the tax by 30 June of the year following the income, or by any deadline set by the tax authority.
    外商投资企业未扣缴税款的，取得股息红利的外籍个人应当在取得所得的次年 6 月 30 日前缴纳税款；税务机关通知限期缴纳的，须按期缴纳。
  • The prior exemption — Article 2(8) of the 1994 circular (Caishui Zi No. 20) — is repealed simultaneously with the new Announcement.
    原免税依据《财政部 国家税务总局关于个人所得税若干政策问题的通知》（财税字〔1994〕20号）第二条第（八）项，随本公告同步废止。
  • Policymakers frame the change as advancing tax fairness and the unified national market, while closing avoidance routes that let some domestic firms convert status to capture the exemption.
    主管部门将此调整定位于维护税制公平统一、推进全国统一大市场建设，并堵塞部分内资企业借变更企业性质套取免税的漏洞。
  • For FIEs and foreign shareholders, the practical steps are to update withholding routines, communicate the tax impact to foreign individuals, and reassess holding structures — noting the tax paid in China is generally creditable against home-country liability.
    对 FIE 与外籍股东而言，实操要点在于更新代扣代缴流程、向外籍个人说明税务影响并重新评估持股架构；专家提示在华所缴个税通常可抵免母国税负，实际税负总体不增。

China Restores the 20% Tax on Foreign Individuals’ Dividend Income from FIEs: MOF/STA Announcement No. 27 (2026) | 外籍个人从外商投资企业取得股息红利恢复按20%征税：财政部、税务总局2026年第27号公告解读

On 1 September 2026, the Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration jointly issued Announcement of the Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration on Matters Concerning the Individual Income Tax Policy for Foreign Individuals’ Dividends (Announcement No. 27 of 2026). The Announcement makes a single, consequential change: from the same day, dividend and bonus income that a foreign individual receives from a foreign-invested enterprise is no longer exempt and is instead taxed as “interest, dividends and bonuses” under the Individual Income Tax Law, at the statutory 20% rate.

What the Announcement says

The Announcement contains three operative clauses:

  1. Taxation at 20%. Dividend and bonus income received by a foreign individual from an FIE is taxed as “interest, dividends and bonuses”, applying the 20% rate.
  2. Withholding by the payer. When an FIE distributes dividends to a foreign individual, it must withhold and remit the tax, and file the return by the 15th day of the month following the payment. If the FIE fails to withhold, the foreign individual must pay by 30 June of the year following the income, or by any deadline imposed by the tax authority.
  3. Effective date and repeal. The Announcement takes effect on 1 September 2026, and Article 2(8) of the 1994 circular (*Caishui Zi No. 20*) — the original basis for the exemption — is repealed at the same time.

Why the change now

The exemption originated in 1994, in the early stage of China’s reform and opening up, when differential tax treatment was used to attract foreign capital and played a positive role at the time. As a high-level socialist market economy has taken shape, foreign investors increasingly weigh the overall business environment — rule of law, market scale and industrial supply chains — rather than tax gaps between domestic and foreign capital. Against the building of a unified national market and the gradual clean-up of tax preferential policies, the two ministries concluded that the exemption no longer fits the current situation.

Officials and experts also point to two structural concerns. First, genuine tax fairness: a domestic and a foreign investor receiving the same dividend from the same company should not face materially different treatment. Second, avoidance: some domestic enterprises reportedly converted themselves into FIEs and then distributed large dividends to capture the exemption, shifting assets and eroding the base. Ending the preference closes that route.

Crucially, the actual burden on foreign individuals is widely expected to be unchanged. Under worldwide taxation systems common in Europe and the United States, a foreign individual shareholder would have declared the China-source dividend to their home country even while exempt in China, then topped up the difference. With the exemption removed, the individual income tax paid in China is generally creditable against the home-country liability, so the net effect is neutral. As one tax expert noted, the policy also restores China’s share of tax rights that had been ceded under the old rule.

Impact on FIEs and foreign individuals

For foreign-invested enterprises, the change reintroduces an withholding obligation at the point of dividend distribution to foreign individuals. Finance and HR teams should update dividend and payroll tax routines, confirm the payer’s duty to withhold and file within the statutory window, and reflect the grossing-up and remittance mechanics in shareholder communications.

For foreign individual shareholders, the headline 20% is not a new surcharge on top of other tax but the standard rate already applied to domestic investors. Those who previously relied on the exemption should review their home-country filing position, quantify the foreign tax credit, and confirm whether bilateral tax treaties alter the outcome.

The Announcement does not disturb other preferential regimes — for example, the Greater Bay Area 15% individual income tax subsidy or Hainan Free Trade Port talent tax concessions — each of which continues under its own specific rules.

Compliance checklist

  • Map current and planned dividend distributions to foreign individuals and identify any pending payments crossing the 1 September effective date.
  • Update the FIE’s withholding and declaration process; confirm the 15-day post-payment filing deadline is built into the calendar.
  • Brief foreign individual shareholders on the change and the availability of foreign tax credits in their home jurisdiction.
  • Reassess holding structures where the exemption had been a deciding factor, and document the rationale.
  • Monitor the official MOF/STA pages for the published Announcement text and any implementing guidance.

外籍个人从外商投资企业取得股息红利恢复按20%征税：财政部、税务总局2026年第27号公告解读

新华社北京9月1日电（记者申铖）财政部、税务总局9月1日对外发布公告，明确自9月1日起，外籍个人从外商投资企业取得的股息红利所得，应按照20%税率缴纳个税。

为促进改革开放、吸引外商投资，我国自1994年起对外籍个人从外商投资企业取得的股息红利所得暂免征收个税。随着全国统一大市场的建立，我国正在逐步清理规范税收优惠政策。业内人士表示，取消外籍个人从外商投资企业取得股息红利所得免征个税的政策，有利于维护税制公平统一，推进全国统一大市场建设，还能够堵塞税收漏洞，更好地发挥税收调节作用。

公告要点

财政部、税务总局《关于外籍个人股息红利个人所得税政策有关事项的公告》（财政部 税务总局公告2026年第27号）共三条：

  1. 按20%征税。 外籍个人从外商投资企业取得的股息红利所得，按照”利息、股息、红利所得”缴纳个人所得税，适用20%税率。
  2. 支付方代扣代缴。 外商投资企业向外籍个人支付股息红利时，应当代扣代缴税款，并于支付所得的次月15日内申报纳税；企业未扣缴税款的，取得股息红利的外籍个人应当在取得所得的次年6月30日前缴纳税款，税务机关通知限期缴纳的应当按期缴纳。
  3. 生效与废止。 本公告自2026年9月1日起执行，《财政部 国家税务总局关于个人所得税若干政策问题的通知》（财税字〔1994〕20号）第二条第（八）项同时废止。

政策背景

该项免税政策始于1994年，出台于改革开放初期，在特定阶段对吸引外资发挥了积极作用。但随着高水平社会主义市场经济体制建设不断推进，外资进入我国更关注法治环境、市场规模、产业配套等整体营商环境，继续依靠内外资不平衡的税收政策吸引外资，已与当前的新形势和新要求不相适应。同时，在执行过程中，个别内资企业曾通过先变更为外商投资企业、再大规模分红的方式套取免税优惠、转移资产，形成新的税收漏洞。随着全国统一大市场的建立，我国正在逐步清理规范税收优惠政策，此次取消该免税政策，符合个人所得税法精神，有利于维护税制公平统一。

对外籍个人税负的影响：总体基本不变

多位财税专家提示，取消免税并不等于外籍个人实际税负上升。按照国际税收的基本规则，欧美等主要国家实行居民个人全球所得征税制度，外籍个人股东即便此前在我国享受免税优惠，仍需向其母国就该项所得补缴税款。取消免税后，外籍个人在我国缴纳的个人所得税可以抵免其向母国缴纳的税款，实际税负总体不会增加，反而使我国此前让渡的税收权益回归合理。

对外资企业的影响与合规建议

对外商投资企业而言，本次调整在向外籍个人分配股息环节重新引入了代扣代缴义务。财务与人力资源团队应更新分红及薪酬税务处理流程，确认支付方在法定期限内完成扣缴与申报，并在股东沟通中说明税务影响。

对外籍个人股东而言，20%是与其他中国投资者一致的法定税率，并非额外加征。此前依赖该免税政策的个人，应复核母国申报与税收抵免安排，必要时结合双边税收协定评估最终结果。

需要强调的是，本公告取消的是”外籍个人从外商投资企业取得股息红利”这一专项免税，不影响其他既有优惠——例如粤港澳大湾区15%个税补贴、海南自贸港人才个税优惠等，仍按其专门规定执行。

实操清单

  • 梳理当前及计划中的外籍个人分红安排，识别是否跨越9月1日生效节点；
  • 更新企业的代扣代缴与申报流程，将支付后15日内申报的时限纳入日历管理；
  • 向外籍个人股东说明政策变化及母国税收抵免的可能性；
  • 对曾以该免税为关键考量的持股架构进行再评估，并留存决策记录；
  • 关注财政部、税务总局官网后续发布的公告原文及配套执行口径。

Sources

RCEP Benefits / RCEP红利

RCEP in Practice 2026: Certificate Mutual Recognition and Smarter Origin Compliance

  • A nationwide first: from August 2026, the CCPIT (trade-promotion councils) and customs authorities in Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Shanxi and Ningxia mutually recognise each other’s origin-certificate inspection results, cutting certificate issuance time by one to three days.
    全国首创：自 2026 年 8 月起，内蒙古、山东、山西、宁夏四省区贸促会与海关实施原产地证书管理信息互认新模式，实现出口原产地核查结果”一次核查、结果互认”，证书签发时间压缩 1 至 3 天。
  • Under the mutual-recognition model, companies no longer face duplicate on-site inspections when applying for preferential origin certificates from both the CCPIT and customs within a year for the same product.
    互认模式下，企业一年内分别向贸促会和海关申办同一产品优惠原产地证书时，不再遭遇重复实地核查。
  • RCEP preferential origin certificates remain the “paper gold” for tariff savings: in the first seven months of 2026, the four provinces’ customs and CCPIT systems issued 693,000 preferential certificates covering export value of RMB 220.1 billion, up 19.8% and 15.9% year on year.
    RCEP 等优惠原产地证书仍是关税减免的”纸黄金”：2026 年 1—7 月，四省区海关和贸促会签发优惠原产地证书 69.3 万份，出口享惠货值 2201 亿元，同比分别增长 19.8% 和 15.9%。
  • Customs across China continue to digitise the certificate pipeline — “paperless filing, intelligent review, self-service printing” — with self-print rates around 99% in some districts, making RCEP preference claims a same-day operation for compliant exporters.
    全国海关持续推进原产地证书数字化——”无纸化申报 + 智能审核 + 自助打印”，部分地区自助打印率达 99% 以上，使合规出口商的 RCEP 享惠申报成为当日办结事项。
  • For foreign-invested exporters and importers, the practical agenda is to embed RCEP origin rules into product design, keep three-year records of origin evidence, and use the mutual-recognition and self-print channels to compress clearance time and tariff costs.
    对外资进出口企业，实操议程是把 RCEP 原产地规则嵌入产品设计、留存三年的原产地证据记录，并利用互认与自助打印通道压缩通关时间与关税成本。

RCEP in Practice 2026: Certificate Mutual Recognition and Smarter Origin Compliance | 2026 年 RCEP 实务：证书互认与更智能的原产地合规

Overview

The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) entered its fifth year of implementation in 2026, and the compliance machinery around it is getting faster. The defining August 2026 development is a nationwide first: the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT) systems and customs authorities in Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Shanxi and Ningxia began mutually recognising origin-certificate inspection results. Under the new model, a company that has already been inspected on-site by one issuing body for a given product within a year does not need to be re-inspected by the other; the certificate can be issued on the basis of the shared inspection record. Certificate issuance time is compressed by one to three days.

Reported by CCTV on 22 August 2026 and confirmed by the Inner Mongolia CCPIT, the mutual-recognition model attacks a real pain point. Previously, a company applying for preferential origin certificates from both the CCPIT and customs in the same year would face two full on-site inspections of its raw-material sourcing and production processes. For exporters serving multiple free-trade agreement markets — RCEP plus China-ASEAN, China-Korea, and two dozen other arrangements — the duplication was a genuine cost. Now, the first inspection’s conclusions are shared across provinces and departments through the mutual-recognition platform.

Why origin certificates matter for RCEP users

RCEP preferential origin certificates (and origin declarations) are the ticket to reduced or zero tariffs across the bloc’s 15 members. The rules are precise: the product must meet the RCEP origin criteria — wholly obtained (WO), produced exclusively from originating materials (PE), or meeting the product-specific rules such as the regional value content (RVC) or change-in-tariff-classification (CTC) tests — and the certificate or declaration must be obtained before export, with back-issuance allowed within 12 months of shipment.

The 2026 data shows the economic weight of these certificates. In the first seven months of 2026, the customs and CCPIT systems of Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Shanxi and Ningxia issued 693,000 preferential origin certificates covering export value of RMB 220.1 billion, up 19.8% and 15.9% year on year respectively; within the four provinces’ CCPIT systems alone, RCEP certificates grew 165.4% year on year in the first half. The Inner Mongolia example is instructive: businesses in the region enjoy tariff concessions under 23 free-trade agreements covering 34 countries and regions, and preferential certificates grew 23.3% year on year in the first half of 2026.

Digitisation: from days to seconds

Parallel to mutual recognition, customs districts are digitising the entire certificate lifecycle. The model of “paperless filing, intelligent review and self-service printing” is now standard: exporters submit applications through the China International Trade Single Window, intelligent systems review the data against the declared origin basis, and certificates can be printed at the applicant’s own terminal. In Langfang (Hebei), self-printing reached 99.3% of all certificates issued in the first half of 2026, and the customs office reported certificate issuance in seconds, helping local exporters obtain tariff reductions of more than RMB 100 million from importing countries in that period. Dalian Customs, for its part, reported that its region’s trade with other APEC economies reached RMB 191.6 billion in January-July 2026, with imports up 13.3%, supported by RCEP and China-ASEAN concessions — including Vietnamese bananas entering at zero tariff and, on the export side, ship bearings shipped to Korea under a self-printed origin certificate.

For RCEP users, the practical consequence is that origin compliance is no longer a bottleneck: if the origin basis is correctly documented, the certificate is a same-day or even same-hour operation. The compliance burden has shifted from the administrative act of obtaining a certificate to the substantive act of proving origin — which is where most errors occur.

Compliance essentials for foreign-invested traders

  1. Embed origin rules in product design. Determine at the design and sourcing stage whether the product can meet the RCEP origin criteria — WO, PE, or the applicable product-specific rules including RVC and CTC tests — and document the origin basis for each input.
  2. Use the right issuing channel. Both the customs authorities and the CCPIT can issue RCEP certificates; with mutual recognition now operating in the four pilot provinces (and expected to expand), choose the channel that fits the buyer’s requirement and the company’s inspection history.
  3. Keep three-year records. RCEP origin rules require applicants to retain, for three years, documents sufficient to prove the origin qualification and origin country of the goods, including cost breakdowns, processing steps and purchase invoices. Electronic records are acceptable.
  4. Handle special cases correctly. Back-issuance within 12 months for certificates issued after shipment; re-issuance within one year for lost or damaged certificates; and correction within one year where information needs amendment. Back-to-back certificates require the original certificate.
  5. Exploit the digital channels. Register on the International Trade Single Window, enable self-service printing, and use the “preferential origin service platform” of customs to verify origin-rule calculations before shipment, reducing rejection rates at destination.

Related reading

  • The GACC measures on import and export goods origin management under RCEP, which govern the certificate forms and origin criteria.
  • The RCEP agreement’s rules of origin chapter and product-specific rules annex.
  • Local customs and CCPIT service packages for origin certificates, including mutual-recognition pilots and sectoral origin guidance.

Sources

  • 海关总署《前 7 月大连与 APEC 其他经济体贸易额达 1916 亿元》: http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/2026-08/18/article_2026081816062289846.html
  • 中国国际贸易促进委员会内蒙古自治区委员会《央视聚焦！原产地证书互认新政落地》: http://www.ccpitnmg.org.cn/mc_mcyw/202608/t20260824_451577.html
  • 长沙海关《RCEP 原产地应用场景式服务》: http://changsha.customs.gov.cn/changsha_customs/ztzl/rcepycdzsqzcjsfw/index.html
  • 纵览新闻（河北日报）《廊坊原产地证书”秒审秒签” 政策红利直达企业》: https://www.toutiao.com/article/7676999678478631466/

2026 年 RCEP 实务：证书互认与更智能的原产地合规

概述

2026 年，《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》（RCEP）进入实施第五年，围绕它的合规机制正在提速。2026 年 8 月最具标志性的进展是一项全国首创：中国国际贸易促进委员会（贸促会）系统与海关在内蒙古、山东、山西、宁夏四省区开始互认原产地证书核查结果。新模式下，企业一年内已在其中一个签证机构就某一产品接受过实地核查的，另一机构不再重复核查，凭共享核查记录即可签发证书。证书签发时间压缩 1 至 3 天。

据央视 2026 年 8 月 22 日报道、内蒙古贸促会确认，互认模式直击一个真实痛点。过去，企业一年内分别向贸促会和海关申办同一产品优惠原产地证书，会面临两轮针对原材料来源和生产流程的完整实地核查。对同时服务多个自贸协定市场——RCEP 加中国—东盟、中韩以及二十余个其他安排——的出口商来说，重复核查是实实在在的成本。现在，首次核查的结论通过互认平台跨省、跨部门共享。

原产地证书对 RCEP 使用者的意义

RCEP 优惠原产地证书（及原产地声明）是享受协定 15 个成员国减税乃至零关税的凭证。规则相当精确：产品必须满足 RCEP 原产地标准——完全获得（WO）、完全由原产材料生产（PE），或符合产品特定规则（如区域价值成分 RVC、税则归类改变 CTC 测试）——且证书或声明须在出口前取得，装运后补发允许在 12 个月内办理。

2026 年的数据显示出这些证书的经济分量。2026 年 1—7 月，内蒙古、山东、山西、宁夏四省区海关和贸促会签发优惠原产地证书 69.3 万份，出口享惠货值 2201 亿元，同比分别增长 19.8% 和 15.9%；仅四省区贸促系统，上半年 RCEP 原产地证书就同比增长 165.4%。内蒙古的例子具有说明性：当地企业可在 RCEP 等 23 个自贸协定项下享受 34 个国家和地区的关税减让，上半年优惠原产地证书同比增长 23.3%。

数字化：从天级到秒级

与互认并行，各地海关正在数字化整个证书生命周期。”无纸化申报 + 智能审核 + 自助打印”模式已成标配：出口商通过中国国际贸易单一窗口提交申请，智能系统对照申报的原产地依据审核数据，证书可在申请人终端自助打印。河北廊坊海关 2026 年上半年自助打印率达 99.3%，证书签发以秒计，帮助当地企业上半年从进口国获得关税减免超 1 亿元。大连海关报告，其辖区 1—7 月与 APEC 其他经济体贸易额达 191.6 亿元、进口增长 13.3%，背后是 RCEP 与中国—东盟减让的支撑——包括越南香蕉零关税进口，以及出口侧凭自助打印原产地证书发往韩国的船用轴承。

对 RCEP 使用者而言，实际后果是原产地合规不再是瓶颈：只要原产地依据记录正确，取得证书是当日甚至当小时办结的事项。合规负担已从”获取证书”的行政动作，转移到”证明原产地”的实质动作——后者正是绝大多数错误发生的地方。

外资贸易企业合规要点

  1. 把原产地规则嵌入产品设计。在设计、采购阶段就判断产品能否满足 RCEP 原产地标准——WO、PE 或适用的产品特定规则（含 RVC 与 CTC 测试）——并为每个投入项记录原产地依据。
  2. 选择合适的签证渠道。海关和贸促会均可签发 RCEP 证书；随着互认在四省区试点（预计扩围），按买方要求和企业核查历史选择渠道。
  3. 留存三年记录。RCEP 原产地规则要求申请人自证书签发之日起三年内保存足以证明货物原产资格和原产国的文件，包括成本明细、加工工序、采购发票；电子记录亦可。
  4. 正确处理特殊情况。装运后补发限 12 个月；证书遗失、损毁可自签发之日起一年内申请重发；信息有误一年内可申请更正；背对背证书须提交初始证书正本。
  5. 用好数字通道。在单一窗口注册并开通自助打印，使用海关”优惠原产地服务平台”在出口前核验原产地计算，降低目的国退证率。

相关阅读

  • 海关总署 RCEP 项下进出口货物原产地管理办法，规范证书形式与原产地标准。
  • RCEP 协定原产地规则章节及产品特定规则附件。
  • 各地海关与贸促会原产地证书服务包，含互认试点与行业原产地指引。

来源

  • 海关总署《前 7 月大连与 APEC 其他经济体贸易额达 1916 亿元》：http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/2026-08/18/article_2026081816062289846.html
  • 中国国际贸易促进委员会内蒙古自治区委员会《央视聚焦！原产地证书互认新政落地》：http://www.ccpitnmg.org.cn/mc_mcyw/202608/t20260824_451577.html
  • 长沙海关《RCEP 原产地应用场景式服务》：http://changsha.customs.gov.cn/changsha_customs/ztzl/rcepycdzsqzcjsfw/index.html
  • 纵览新闻（河北日报）《廊坊原产地证书”秒审秒签” 政策红利直达企业》：https://www.toutiao.com/article/7676999678478631466/
Food & Beverage / 餐饮食品, Import-Export Clearance / 进出口清关

China’s New Food Shelf-Life Standard: What Foreign Food Businesses Need to Know

  • China’s first national standard dedicated to food shelf-life determination, GB/T 47141-2026, took effect on 1 August 2026, providing unified technical rules for setting, validating and managing the shelf life of food products.
    我国首部系统规范食品保质期确定与全流程管控的专项国家标准 GB/T 47141—2026《食品保质期确定指南》于 2026 年 8 月 1 日起正式实施，为食品保质期的设定、验证与管理提供了统一技术规则。
  • The standard addresses long-standing compliance gaps: shelf-life decisions made without sufficient basis, non-compliant label declarations, mismatches between storage conditions and declared shelf life, and lax handling of near-expiry stock.
    该标准直指行业长期存在的合规短板：保质期设定依据不足、标签标注不规范、贮存条件与保质期不匹配、临期食品处置不严谨等。
  • Food producers, importers and restaurant operators must re-examine how shelf life is determined for each SKU, align label wording with the standard’s methodology, and keep validation records that can stand up to regulatory inspection.
    食品生产企业、进口商和餐饮经营者须重新梳理每个 SKU 的保质期确定方法，使标签标注符合标准方法论，并留存经得起监管检查的验证记录。
  • A national “standards outreach” campaign launched in Beijing on 25 August 2026 signals that local market regulators will apply GB/T 47141-2026 as a benchmark for uniform enforcement.
    2026 年 8 月 25 日在北京启动的”国家标准走基层”宣贯活动表明，地方市场监管部门将以 GB/T 47141—2026 作为统一执法尺度的技术基准。
  • For foreign food businesses, the new standard interacts with existing import clearance rules: shelf-life claims on imported foods must be consistent with the label, the transport and storage chain, and the determination methods recognised under Chinese national standards.
    对外资食品企业而言，新标准与既有进口清关规则相互衔接：进口食品的保质期标注必须与标签、储运链条以及中国国家标准认可的确定方法保持一致。
  • Practical steps include mapping the standard’s workflow (influencing factors, shelf-life determination, verification methods and management systems) onto existing quality-management procedures and updating near-expiry stock disposal policies before the next round of supervision.
    实操要点包括：将标准的工作流程（影响因素、保质期确定、验证方法和管理制度）映射到既有质量管理程序中，并在下一轮监管前更新临期食品处置政策。

China’s New Food Shelf-Life Standard: What Foreign Food Businesses Need to Know | 中国食品保质期新国标：外资食品企业须知

Overview

On 1 August 2026, China’s first national standard dedicated to food shelf-life management, GB/T 47141-2026 “Guidelines for the Determination of Food Shelf Life” (《食品保质期确定指南》), officially took effect. Published on 28 January 2026, the standard was developed to close a longstanding regulatory gap: while the Food Safety Law and its implementing rules require food producers and operators to clearly mark shelf life and storage conditions, they did not specify a uniform technical methodology for how shelf life should be determined in the first place. The result was a patchwork of industry practice, supplier declarations and discretionary enforcement across provinces.

The standard is particularly relevant for foreign-invested food companies and importers because it touches every link of the supply chain that shelf-life claims depend on: formulation and packaging choices, storage and transport conditions, label wording, and the handling of near-expiry goods. Beijing’s municipal market regulation bureau, which hosted a national outreach and training event on 25 August 2026, reported that as of the end of 2025 the capital alone had more than 120,000 licensed food business entities, including about 53,000 catering operators. Nationwide, the standard provides the technical benchmark that local regulators will increasingly use to assess whether a producer’s shelf-life decision was “scientific and reasonable” — the phrase used in the Food Safety Law.

What the standard requires

GB/T 47141-2026 sets out, in a single framework, the general principles, influencing factors, working procedures, verification methods and management systems for determining food shelf life.

First, the standard identifies the factors that shelf life must be based on. These include product characteristics and formulation, packaging materials and sealing performance, processing and sterilisation methods, storage and transport temperature and humidity, and the expected conditions of consumer storage after purchase. Producers can no longer simply copy a shelf life from a similar product or rely on a supplier’s indicative claim without documenting the technical basis.

Second, it prescribes a determination workflow. The producer defines the product and its key quality indicators (such as sensory, physicochemical and microbiological indicators), designs shelf-life experiments or uses accelerated ageing and real-time storage data, then verifies the result against defined criteria. The standard is deliberately framework-style: it recognises both real-time and accelerated testing approaches and leaves room for industry-specific guidance to be layered on top.

Third, it requires validation records and management systems. Food business operators are expected to keep records that demonstrate how each product’s shelf life was set and verified, how storage conditions are monitored, and how near-expiry stock is identified, quarantined and disposed of. These records are the practical evidence that enforcement bodies will request during daily supervision inspections under the Measures for Daily Supervision and Inspection of Food Production and Operation.

How it affects imported and foreign-branded foods

For foreign companies, the new standard has three direct points of contact.

The first is label consistency. Under the current label rules, imported pre-packaged foods must declare a shelf life on the Chinese label, and that declaration must be consistent with the shelf life determined by the manufacturer. Where the foreign producer’s own shelf-life determination was based on different assumptions about storage and transport conditions than those encountered in the China supply chain — for example, a long ocean transit segment or a multi-tier distribution network — the imported label may no longer be defensible. Importers should document the shelf-life basis, the transport temperature profile, and any accelerated ageing data, and reconcile them with GB/T 47141-2026’s methodology.

The second is storage-condition alignment. The standard requires that the declared shelf life be matched to defined storage conditions. If a product is marked “store at room temperature” but the import clearance and warehousing chain cannot guarantee the assumed temperature range, the shelf-life claim becomes vulnerable. Importers and their customs brokers should review warehouse temperature monitoring records as part of the compliance file, not as an afterthought.

The third is near-expiry handling. Restaurants and retailers that sell imported foods are expected to implement clear policies for identifying and handling near-expiry stock. The Beijing outreach campaign highlighted that “improper handling of near-expiry food” was one of the persistent problems the standard is meant to cure. Foreign fast-food chains, cafés and supermarkets operating in China should update their internal stock-rotation and disposal procedures to align with the standard’s management-system expectations, and should be ready to demonstrate them in inspections.

Practical steps for compliance

  1. Map the standard’s framework onto your existing quality system. Identify which influencing factors are documented for each imported or locally produced SKU, and close gaps where shelf life was inherited from the supplier without verification.
  2. Reconcile label declarations with the determination methodology. For each product, ensure the label’s shelf life, storage conditions and any “best before” wording match the supporting documentation, including temperature data from the transport and warehousing chain.
  3. Keep verification records in China. Regulators will ask for records showing how shelf life was determined and validated. Even where the original experiments were performed overseas, maintain translated, accessible summaries together with the relevant certificates of analysis.
  4. Update near-expiry stock policies. Document how staff identify, segregate and dispose of near-expiry goods, and retain disposal records. This applies equally to importers selling to distributors and to end-market restaurants and retail outlets.
  5. Monitor local enforcement. As local bureaus roll out the “standards outreach” campaign and incorporate GB/T 47141-2026 into supervision, expect inspectors to test shelf-life documentation during routine checks, particularly for high-risk categories such as dairy, meat and prepared meals.

Related reading

  • Imported food registration and labelling requirements under the General Administration of Customs (GACC) regime, which interplay with shelf-life claims at the border.
  • The Food Safety Law and its 2025 amendment, which set the “scientific and reasonable” benchmark for shelf-life marking.
  • Near-expiry food disposal rules in individual provinces, which layer additional local obligations on top of the national standard.

Sources

  • 经济日报《聚焦食品保质期新标准 “国家标准走基层”宣贯活动在京举行》(2026-08-25): https://www.jingjiribao.cn/static/detail.jsp?id=678944
  • 国家市场监督管理总局 餐饮食品安全监督管理司: https://www.samr.gov.cn/spjys/index.html
  • 五河县人民政府《食品生产经营日常监督检查管理办法》: https://www.wuhe.gov.cn/zfxxgk/public/25451/53348857.html
  • 根河市人民政府《中华人民共和国食品安全法》: https://www.genhe.gov.cn/OpennessContent/show/459150.html

中国食品保质期新国标：外资食品企业须知

概述

2026 年 8 月 1 日，我国首部系统规范食品保质期管理的专项国家标准 GB/T 47141—2026《食品保质期确定指南》正式实施。该标准于 2026 年 1 月 28 日发布，旨在补齐长期存在的监管空白：虽然《食品安全法》及其实施规则要求食品生产者、经营者明确标注保质期和贮存条件，但并未规定保质期应当如何确定这一统一技术方法。此前各地在保质期问题上主要依赖行业惯例、供应商声明和各省自由裁量的执法口径，标准不统一的问题突出。

对外资食品企业和进口商而言，该标准之所以重要，是因为它触及保质期声明所依赖的供应链每个环节：配方与包装选择、储运条件、标签措辞以及临期商品处理。北京市市场监督管理局在 2026 年 8 月 25 日主办全国性宣贯培训活动时透露，截至 2025 年底，仅北京一地就有持证食品经营主体超过 12 万户，其中餐饮服务经营者约 5.3 万户。在全国范围内，该标准正在成为地方监管部门判断食品生产经营者保质期设定是否”科学合理”（《食品安全法》用语）的技术基准。

标准提出了什么要求

GB/T 47141—2026 以单一框架形式规定了食品保质期确定的总则、影响因素、工作流程、验证方法和管理制度。

首先，标准明确了保质期必须基于的因素。这些因素包括产品特性和配方、包装材料与密封性能、加工与灭菌方式、储运温湿度，以及购买后消费者储存的预期条件。生产者不能再简单地参照同类产品复制保质期，或者仅凭供应商的提示性声明，而不留任何技术依据。

其次，标准规定了确定流程。生产者须界定产品及其关键质量指标（如感官、理化、微生物指标），设计保质期试验或采用加速老化与实时储存数据，然后按既定准则验证结果。标准刻意采用框架式写法：同时认可实时试验与加速试验两种路径，并为行业专项指南的叠加留出空间。

第三，标准要求验证记录和管理制度。食品生产经营者须留存能够证明每个产品保质期如何设定与验证、贮存条件如何监控、临期库存如何识别、隔离与处置的记录。这些记录正是执法机构依据《食品生产经营日常监督检查管理办法》开展日常检查时索取的实务证据。

对进口食品和外资品牌的影响

对外资企业而言，新标准有三个直接触点。

第一是标签一致性。根据现行标签规则，进口预包装食品须在中文标签上标注保质期，且标注须与制造商确定的保质期一致。如果外国制造商确定保质期时所依据的储运条件假设与中国供应链实际情况不同——例如存在较长的海运段或多级分销网络——进口标签的保质期声明就可能站不住脚。进口商应留存保质期依据、运输温度曲线以及加速老化数据，并与 GB/T 47141—2026 的方法论进行核对。

第二是贮存条件匹配。标准要求标注的保质期与明确的贮存条件相匹配。如果产品标注”常温保存”，而进口清关和仓储链条无法保证假设的温度区间，保质期声明就会变得脆弱。进口商及其报关代理应在合规档案中一并审查仓库温度监控记录，而非事后补做。

第三是临期处理。销售进口食品的餐饮门店和零售企业须制定明确的临期商品识别与处置政策。北京宣贯活动明确指出，”临期食品处置不严谨”正是该标准希望根治的顽疾之一。在华经营的外资快餐连锁、咖啡馆和超市应及时更新内部库存轮转与处置流程，使之符合标准对管理制度的预期，并准备好在检查中予以展示。

合规实操要点

  1. 将标准框架映射到既有质量体系。逐项核对每个进口或本地生产 SKU 的影响因素是否有文档支撑，对直接沿用供应商声明、未经验证的保质期补上验证材料。
  2. 使标签声明与确定方法一致。对每个产品，确保标签上的保质期、贮存条件及”最佳食用日期”等措辞与支撑文档一致，包括储运链条的温度数据。
  3. 在中国留存验证记录。监管机关会索要保质期如何确定与验证的记录。即使原始试验在境外完成，也应在境内保存可读的中文摘要及相应检验报告。
  4. 更新临期库存政策。记录员工如何识别、隔离和处置临期商品，并留存处置凭证。这一要求同样适用于向经销商供货的进口商和终端餐饮、零售门店。
  5. 跟踪地方执法口径。随着地方局开展”标准走基层”宣贯并将 GB/T 47141—2026 纳入监督检查，预计检查人员会在例行检查中核查保质期文档，尤其是乳制品、肉类和预制菜等高危品类。

相关阅读

  • 海关总署体制下的进口食品注册与标签要求，其与保质期声明在边境环节相互衔接。
  • 《食品安全法》及其 2025 年修正案，为保质期标注确立了”科学合理”的基准。
  • 各省临期食品处置规则，在全国标准之上叠加了地方性义务。

来源

  • 经济日报《聚焦食品保质期新标准 “国家标准走基层”宣贯活动在京举行》(2026-08-25)：https://www.jingjiribao.cn/static/detail.jsp?id=678944
  • 国家市场监督管理总局 餐饮食品安全监督管理司：https://www.samr.gov.cn/spjys/index.html
  • 五河县人民政府《食品生产经营日常监督检查管理办法》：https://www.wuhe.gov.cn/zfxxgk/public/25451/53348857.html
  • 根河市人民政府《中华人民共和国食品安全法》：https://www.genhe.gov.cn/OpennessContent/show/459150.html
Education & Training / 教育培训, Policy Updates / 政策动态

Hainan’s International Education Innovation Island: New Openings for Foreign Education Providers in 2026

  • Hainan’s Lingshui Li’an International Education Innovation Pilot Zone has attracted 30 well-known domestic and foreign universities and obtained approval for 24 Sino-foreign cooperative education institutions and programmes, with over 15,000 students expected on campus in 2026.
    海南陵水黎安国际教育创新试验区已引进国内外知名高校 30 所，获批中外合作办学机构及项目 24 个，2026 年园区师生规模预计突破 1.5 万人。
  • The zone’s “five mutuals and one shared” model — mutual learning, disciplinary exchange, curriculum sharing, credit recognition and co-governance — has opened 337 shared courses to more than 7,000 cross-registration students.
    试验区”五互一共”人才培养模式（中外互鉴、文理互通、学科互融、课程互选、学分互认、管理共商）已累计开放共享课程 337 门，选课学生超 7000 人次。
  • Hainan’s goal is 50 undergraduate-and-above Sino-foreign cooperative education institutions or programmes and a 50,000-student campus by 2030, making it the clearest test bed in China for foreign universities seeking an independent or joint footprint.
    海南提出到 2030 年实现本科层次及以上中外合作办学机构（项目）达到 50 个、园区师生规模超 5 万人，成为境外高校在华独立办学或合作办学最明确的试验田。
  • Six new Sino-foreign programmes were approved in 2026, including Xi’an Jiaotong University with UBC and China University of Political Science and Law with the University of Ottawa, signalling continued pipeline growth.
    2026 年已新增获批西安交通大学与加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚大学、中国政法大学与加拿大渥太华大学等 6 个中外合作办学项目，项目储备持续扩容。
  • The national “Action Plan for Stabilising and Improving Foreign Investment” (June 2026) adds vocational training institutions, vocational colleges and high-level science-engineering-medicine-agriculture universities to the opening-up pilot list, extending education-opening beyond Hainan.
    2026 年 6 月印发的《利用外资固稳促优行动方案》将职业技能培训机构、职业院校、高水平理工农医类大学纳入对外开放试点，教育开放从海南向全国扩围。
  • Practical implications for foreign education providers: Hainan offers the deepest regulatory opening (independent campuses and degree-credit recognition), while the national pilot signals opportunities in vocational and professional training in major cities.
    对境外教育机构的实操启示：海南提供最深的制度开放（独立办学与学历学分互认），全国试点则预示着主要城市职业技能与职业培训领域的机会。

Hainan’s International Education Innovation Island: New Openings for Foreign Education Providers in 2026 | 海南国际教育创新岛：2026 年境外教育机构的新机遇

Overview

For foreign education providers weighing entry into China, the single most consequential laboratory right now is Hainan. On 19 August 2026, at the Hainan provincial government’s “Start of the 15th Five-Year Plan” press series, the provincial education department and the management authority of the Lingshui Li’an International Education Innovation Pilot Zone (黎安试验区) laid out the zone’s progress and targets. The numbers are striking: 30 well-known domestic and foreign universities already enrolled, 24 Sino-foreign cooperative education institutions and programmes approved by the Ministry of Education, and a projected campus community of more than 15,000 students in 2026, drawing students from over 50 countries and regions.

The significance of Li’an extends well beyond the numbers. It is the only one of Hainan Free Trade Port’s 13 key parks with education-opening as its core mission, and it has been designated the flagship vehicle of Hainan’s “international education innovation island” strategy, which has now been written into the national education development plan for the 15th Five-Year Plan period (2026-2030). In plain terms: if a foreign university wants to test a genuinely independent campus or a deep joint programme in China, Hainan is currently the most legally and institutionally permissive jurisdiction in the country to do so.

The “five mutuals and one shared” model

The institutional heart of Li’an is what the zone calls the “five mutuals and one shared” talent-training model: mutual learning between Chinese and foreign education systems, interpenetration of arts and sciences disciplines, integration of academic fields, cross-selection of courses, mutual recognition of credits, and co-governance of campus management. In practice, this means that a student admitted to one partner university can take shared courses across the zone’s entire campus network. To date, 337 shared courses have been opened, with more than 7,000 student course selections covering all resident universities.

For foreign partner universities, the model has a direct commercial and academic implication: credit recognition across institutions is operational, and the zone operates a dual-degree pattern in which graduates receive both the Chinese partner’s degree certificate and the foreign partner’s degree certificate. Data from the 2026 graduating cohort illustrate the value proposition: of 273 graduates, 61 secured postgraduate admission (including 8 to Peking University and Tsinghua University) and 157 went abroad for further study, of whom 92 entered QS top-50 universities. For a foreign university, partnering in Li’an is not a marginal experiment but a visible channel into the Chinese higher-education market with credible output metrics.

The 2030 roadmap

The zone’s stated target is to reach 50 undergraduate-and-above Sino-foreign cooperative education institutions or programmes by 2030 and a campus community exceeding 50,000 students. In 2026 alone, six new programmes were approved, including Xi’an Jiaotong University with the University of British Columbia and China University of Political Science and Law with the University of Ottawa. The recruitment strategy is deliberately top-tier: the zone targets universities ranked in the world’s top 50 overall or top 10 in their discipline for new partnerships.

This roadmap matters for foreign investors in the education sector because it defines the pipeline: expect continued approvals of cooperative programmes and institutions, continued expansion of the independent-campus pilot pioneered by Hainan Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences (the first overseas higher-education institution allowed to operate an independent campus in Hainan) and Hainan Lausanne Hospitality Management School, and continued refinement of cross-border education services, international degree recognition and education-qualification access — the three frontier areas Hainan says it will push on during the 15th Five-Year Plan.

The national opening-up pilot beyond Hainan

Hainan is not the only door. The “Action Plan for Stabilising and Improving Foreign Investment” (《利用外资固稳促优行动方案》), jointly issued by the Ministry of Commerce, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance in June 2026, explicitly proposes to “steadily expand opening-up pilots for vocational skills training institutions, vocational colleges and high-level universities specialising in science, engineering, medicine and agriculture.” This extends the education-opening agenda beyond Hainan to select institutions and pilots on the mainland, alongside parallel openings in biotech, wholly foreign-owned hospitals and value-added telecommunications that were already being trialled.

For foreign education providers, the practical read is a two-tier opportunity map. In Hainan, the deepest regulatory opening is available now — independent campuses, degree-credit mutual recognition and a state-backed recruitment pipeline. On the mainland, the near-term openings are most realistic in vocational skills training and professional education, where the Action Plan names specific institutional categories, and where provincial authorities in pilot regions such as Beijing are being asked to move first.

What foreign providers should prepare

  1. Verify the regulatory route per target. Independent campus (Hainan), Sino-foreign cooperative institution (approval by the Ministry of Education), cooperative programme (approval or filing) and vocational training institution (local licensing) each follow different approval tracks.
  2. Engage early with the zone or provincial authorities. Li’an’s management bureau runs a structured intake for new partners, and the pipeline is being managed against the 2030 targets.
  3. Prepare quality-assurance documentation. Approval processes assess faculty, curriculum, degree arrangements and sustainability plans; comparable documentation used in the home jurisdiction accelerates review.
  4. Model the dual-degree and credit-recognition mechanics. The zone’s cross-registration system means foreign partners should align curricula with shared-course and credit-transfer standards from the outset.
  5. Monitor the national pilot list. The Action Plan’s vocational and professional education pilots are expected to translate into local implementation rules in 2026-2027; registration of interest with provincial education departments in pilot regions is advisable.

Related reading

  • The “Action Plan for Stabilising and Improving Foreign Investment” (2026), which anchors the national education-opening pilots.
  • Hainan’s 15th Five-Year Plan for education development and the Li’an Pilot Zone’s published targets.
  • The State Council’s framework for Hainan Free Trade Port construction and the island-wide closure operation, which underpins the zone’s special customs, tax and talent regimes.

Sources

  • 海南省人民政府《”开局起步’十五五'”系列主题新闻发布会——《海南省”十五五”教育事业发展规划》专场》: https://www.hainan.gov.cn/hainan/zxxx/202608/022333331af84bac828452fc6f164a4a.shtml
  • 海南省营商环境建设厅《〈经济日报〉整版关注海南：”家门口留学”到底香不香》: https://db.hainan.gov.cn/xwdt/yszx/202608/t20260819_4131097.html
  • 商务部 国家发展改革委 财政部《利用外资固稳促优行动方案》(中国政府网): https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202606/content_7072838.htm
  • 商务部《商务部、国家发展改革委、财政部联合印发〈利用外资固稳促优行动方案〉》: https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/syxwfb/art/2026/art_6321e5e42c6246319e12876d5a6786f2.html
  • 天津市商务局《商务部 国家发展改革委 财政部关于印发〈利用外资固稳促优行动方案〉的通知》: https://shangwuju.tj.gov.cn/tjsswjzz/zwdt/wzdt/wzgl/zcfg/202608/t20260820_7355374.html

海南国际教育创新岛：2026 年境外教育机构的新机遇

概述

对正在权衡进入中国市场的境外教育机构而言，当前最重要的试验田就是海南。2026 年 8 月 19 日，在海南省人民政府”开局起步’十五五'”系列主题新闻发布会上，省教育厅与陵水黎安国际教育创新试验区管理局披露了园区的进展与目标。数据相当可观：已引进国内外知名高校 30 所，获批教育部审批的中外合作办学机构及项目 24 个，2026 年园区师生规模预计突破 1.5 万人，生源覆盖全球 50 多个国家和地区。

黎安试验区的意义远超数字本身。它是海南自贸港 13 个重点园区中唯一以教育对外开放为核心使命的园区，被确立为海南”国际教育创新岛”战略的旗舰载体，而这一战略已写入国家教育发展”十五五”规划。简言之：如果一所境外高校想在中国试水真正意义上的独立校园或深度联合办学项目，海南目前是制度与法律上最为开放的窗口。

“五互一共”培养模式

黎安的制度核心是”五互一共”人才培养模式：中外互鉴、文理互通、学科互融、课程互选、学分互认、管理共商。实务上，这意味着入读园区内任何一所合作大学的学生，可以在整个园区的课程网络内跨校选课。截至目前，累计开放共享课程 337 门，选课学生超 7000 人次，覆盖全部入驻高校。

对外方合作高校而言，这一模式具有直接的学术与商业含义：跨机构学分互认已经落地运行，园区推行双学位模式，毕业生同时获得中方高校毕业证书、学位证书和外方高校学位证书。2026 届毕业生的数据说明了价值：273 名毕业生中，61 人保研（其中 8 人升入北京大学、清华大学），157 人出国（境）深造，其中 92 人进入 QS 排名前 50 高校。对境外高校来说，在黎安合作办学不是边缘试验，而是以可信产出指标进入中国高等教育市场的显性通道。

2030 路线图

园区公布的目标是：到 2030 年，本科层次及以上中外合作办学机构（项目）达到 50 个，师生规模超 5 万人。仅 2026 年就新增获批 6 个中外合作办学项目，包括西安交通大学与加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚大学、中国政法大学与加拿大渥太华大学等。引校策略明确走顶尖路线：新增合作瞄准综合排名世界前 50 或学科排名前 10 的高校。

这份路线图对教育领域的外国投资者意义重大，因为它界定了项目储备节奏：预计合作办学机构和项目的审批将持续放量，由海南比勒费尔德应用科学大学（中国境内第一所境外高校在琼独立办学的高校）和海南洛桑旅游大学开创的独立办学试点将持续扩围，跨境教育服务、国际学历互认、国际教育资格准入——海南承诺”十五五”期间重点突破的三个前沿领域——将持续细化。

海南之外的全国开放试点

海南并非唯一入口。商务部、国家发展改革委、财政部 2026 年 6 月联合印发的《利用外资固稳促优行动方案》明确提出”稳步扩大职业技能培训机构、职业院校、高水平理工农医类大学对外开放试点”，把教育开放议程从海南扩展到内地指定机构和试点，与已先行试点的生物技术、外商独资医院、增值电信等开放举措形成联动。

对境外教育机构而言，实操读法是一张双层机会地图。在海南，最深度的制度开放现在即可获得——独立办学、学历学分互认、国家支持的生源通道。在内地，近期最现实的开放点在职业技能培训与职业教育领域，行动方案点名了具体机构类别，并要求北京等试点地区先行先试。

境外机构应做的准备

  1. 按目标核验监管路径。独立办学（海南）、中外合作办学机构（教育部审批）、合作办学项目（审批或备案）、职业技能培训机构（地方许可）各有不同审批通道。
  2. 尽早与园区或省级主管部门接洽。黎安管理局对新合作方有结构化引入流程，项目储备正对照 2030 目标管理。
  3. 准备质量保障材料。审批环节评估师资、课程、学位安排与可持续性方案；与母国同类材料可加速评审。
  4. 设计双学位与学分互认机制。园区的跨校选课系统意味着外方合作方应从立项之初就按共享课程与学分转换标准对齐课程体系。
  5. 跟踪全国试点清单。行动方案中的职业与专业教育试点预计 2026—2027 年转化为地方实施细则；建议向试点地区省级教育部门登记合作意向。

相关阅读

  • 《利用外资固稳促优行动方案》（2026 年），是全国教育开放试点的制度锚点。
  • 海南省”十五五”教育事业发展规划与黎安试验区公布的各项目标。
  • 国务院海南自由贸易港建设总体方案及全岛封关运作安排，是园区特殊海关、税收与人才制度的基础。

来源

  • 海南省人民政府《”开局起步’十五五'”系列主题新闻发布会——《海南省”十五五”教育事业发展规划》专场》：https://www.hainan.gov.cn/hainan/zxxx/202608/022333331af84bac828452fc6f164a4a.shtml
  • 海南省营商环境建设厅《〈经济日报〉整版关注海南：”家门口留学”到底香不香》：https://db.hainan.gov.cn/xwdt/yszx/202608/t20260819_4131097.html
  • 商务部 国家发展改革委 财政部《利用外资固稳促优行动方案》（中国政府网）：https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202606/content_7072838.htm
  • 商务部《商务部、国家发展改革委、财政部联合印发〈利用外资固稳促优行动方案〉》：https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/syxwfb/art/2026/art_6321e5e42c6246319e12876d5a6786f2.html
  • 天津市商务局《商务部 国家发展改革委 财政部关于印发〈利用外资固稳促优行动方案〉的通知》：https://shangwuju.tj.gov.cn/tjsswjzz/zwdt/wzdt/wzgl/zcfg/202608/t20260820_7355374.html
Data Export / 数据出境, PIPL Compliance / 个保法合规

China’s Data-Outbound Negative List Goes Live: 2026 Milestones and a Compliance Route Map

  • In August 2026 the data-outbound negative list regime moved from design to delivery: Beijing recorded China’s first banking-sector case (NH Bank’s Beijing branch), Guangdong’s FTZ list produced its first filed case in Hengqin, and Shanghai’s Lingang zone showcased the “data processing for inbound clients” model in the People’s Daily.
    2026 年 8 月，数据出境负面清单制度从设计走向落地：北京落地全国首个银行业案例（韩国农协银行北京分行），广东自贸区清单在横琴产生首单备案，上海临港以《人民日报》报道展示”来数加工”模式。
  • Under the negative-list mechanism, data that falls outside the list can exit the country without security-assessment applications, standard-contract filings or protection certification — the single biggest compliance-cost reduction in China’s cross-border data regime to date.
    负面清单机制下，清单外数据出境免予申报数据出境安全评估、订立个人信息出境标准合同、通过个人信息保护认证——这是中国跨境数据制度迄今最大的一次合规成本削减。
  • Beijing’s “1+9” design (one set of management measures plus nine sectoral lists) now covers 67 business scenarios and 612 data fields, adding medical devices, autonomous driving, trade logistics and banking to the original five sectors.
    北京”1+9″制度设计（1 套管理办法 + 9 个领域清单）已覆盖 67 个业务场景、612 个数据字段，在原有 5 个领域基础上新增医疗器械、自动驾驶（智能网联汽车）、贸易物流、银行业 4 大领域。
  • The national “Action Plan for Promoting High-Quality Development of Cybersecurity and Informatisation Enterprises (2026-2030)” issued by the CAC on 21 August 2026 pledges efficient implementation of security assessments, standard contracts and certification, and supports FTZs in issuing negative lists.
    中央网信办 2026 年 8 月 21 日印发《促进网信企业高质量发展行动计划（2026—2030 年）》，承诺高效实施数据出境安全评估、标准合同、保护认证等制度，并支持自贸试验区制定发布数据出境负面清单。
  • For foreign companies, the practical takeaway is a route map: check whether the business scenario and data fields are covered by a filed negative list in the FTZ where the entity operates; if covered, use the simplified path; if not, fall back to security assessment, standard contract or certification.
    对外资企业的实操启示是一张路径图：核对经营所在自贸试验区已备案的负面清单是否覆盖本企业业务场景和数据字段；覆盖则走简化通道，未覆盖则回归安全评估、标准合同或认证路径。

China’s Data-Outbound Negative List Goes Live: 2026 Milestones and a Compliance Route Map | 数据出境负面清单落地：2026 年里程碑与合规路径图

Overview

For multinational companies operating in China, the most consequential regulatory development of mid-2026 is not a single law but the operationalisation of a mechanism: the data-outbound negative list for pilot free-trade zones. Conceived under the Provisions on Promoting and Regulating Cross-Border Data Flows, the negative-list mechanism allows each pilot FTZ to define, within the national data classification and grading framework, the categories of data that are exempt from the standard outbound-control procedures. Data outside the list exits freely; data on the list (or outside any list) continues to require security assessment, standard contracts or certification.

August 2026 turned the mechanism from paper into practice. On 6 August, Beijing’s cyberspace administration announced that NH Bank’s Beijing branch had become China’s first banking institution to complete compliant data outbound via the negative-list route — the first case in the financial sector. On 14 August, the media reported that Hengqin had completed the first negative-list filing case in Guangdong’s FTZ regime, with Macau International Airport’s cargo-terminal project as the filing subject. And on 20 August, the People’s Daily featured Shanghai’s Lingang New Area as the model for “data processing for inbound clients,” where foreign data is processed in a sealed offshore environment and transmitted back without crossing into the domestic network. Together with the CAC’s 21 August national action plan for cybersecurity and informatisation enterprises, these milestones define the 2026 compliance environment.

How the negative list works

The mechanism is simple in concept and powerful in effect. A pilot FTZ drafts a negative list for data outbound, obtains approval from the provincial cyberspace affairs commission, and files it with the national cyberspace administration and the National Data Administration. Once filed, data that falls outside the list is exempt from the security-assessment application, the standard-contract filing and the protection certification. Because of the “one place drafts, multiple places use” principle, other FTZs can reference an already-filed list for the same sectors rather than drafting from scratch — which is why Guangdong could quickly apply sectoral lists first developed elsewhere.

The system’s design philosophy was captured in a metaphor used by Hengqin’s authorities: if all data is a sheet of paper and the nationally controlled data is a circle drawn on it, the negative list defines the ring between the inner circle and the outer boundary — data in the ring moves more freely, while data in the inner circle still takes the compliance path. This dramatically reduces the “compliance anxiety” that previously led companies to over-block data transfers.

The 2026 milestones in detail

Beijing’s “1+9” design is currently the most comprehensive. Announced in May 2026 and built on the “two zones” (FTZ plus national comprehensive demonstration zone for opening the services sector), it covers the entire city, adding medical devices, autonomous driving (intelligent connected vehicles), trade logistics and banking to the original five sectors, and extending to 67 business scenarios and 612 data fields. The banking case followed earlier firsts: the first AI-sector negative-list case, and pharmaceutical/medical-device benchmarks including Sanofi, MSD and Cochlear, all facilitated through the Beijing Cross-Border Data Service Centre’s CBD workstation.

Guangdong’s list, filed with the CAC and the National Data Administration in May 2026, focuses on intelligent equipment manufacturing and personal-credit information services; Hengqin’s implementation rules introduced a “use first, report later” fast path, and the Macau International Airport cargo-terminal case validated the route. Shanghai went further in April 2026 by extending its negative-list coverage from the FTZ to the whole city and iterating the list content; the Lingang model combines the list with dedicated cross-border data lines, offshore data processing and public computing infrastructure, with Shanghai accounting for about 40% of the national total of completed security assessments.

Compliance route map for foreign companies

The negative list does not repeal the PIPL or the Data Security Law; it creates a faster lane inside the existing framework. The route map for a foreign-invested enterprise is:

  1. Determine whether the entity is within the pilot scope. The mechanism applies to entities in pilot FTZs (and, in Beijing and Shanghai, citywide extensions). Confirm the applicable version of the list for the entity’s registered location.
  2. Map the business scenario and data fields. Identify the outbound data scenarios (e.g., HR data of overseas-returned employees, R&D data, customer or device data) and the specific fields, and compare them with the filed list’s covered scenarios and fields.
  3. Choose the lane. If the scenario and fields fall outside the list (and the data is not in the nationally controlled categories), use the simplified outbound path without security assessment, standard contract or certification. If they fall on the list or are outside any list, proceed with security assessment, standard contract or certification as applicable.
  4. Keep the records. Even in the simplified lane, companies should document the basis for exclusion from the list and maintain the data-classification and grading records that regulators may review, particularly in sectors like banking where the CAC and the regulator have set industry-specific expectations.
  5. Monitor list updates. Lists are being iterated; the CAC’s 2026-2030 action plan supports FTZs in developing scenario-based, field-level lists and encourages the establishment of cross-border data service centres. Companies should track updates to the list applicable to their FTZ and re-screen their data scenarios periodically.

Related reading

  • The Provisions on Promoting and Regulating Cross-Border Data Flows, which establish the negative-list mechanism.
  • The PIPL and the Data Security Law, which set the underlying obligations that the negative list relaxes only within defined scope.
  • The CAC’s “Action Plan for Promoting High-Quality Development of Cybersecurity and Informatisation Enterprises (2026-2030)”, which commits to efficient implementation and further list expansion.

Sources

  • 中央网络安全和信息化委员会办公室《促进网信企业高质量发展行动计划（2026—2030 年）》: https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-08/21/c_1789061449039952.htm
  • 福建省商务厅《我国首个银行业数据出境负面清单备案落地北京》: https://swt.fujian.gov.cn/xxgk/jgzn/jgcs/zmsyqzcyjs/zmzcc_gzdt/202608/t20260813_7199304.htm
  • 首都文明网（朝阳报）《全国首个银行业数据出境负面清单备案落地北京 CBD》: https://www.bjwmb.gov.cn/wmdt/cyq/10133261.html
  • 中国网《我国首个银行业数据出境负面清单备案落地北京》: https://big5.china.com.cn/gate/big5/zw.china.com.cn/2026-08/07/content_118637480.shtml
  • 南方日报（今日头条转载）《横琴数据出境 有了高速公路》: https://www.toutiao.com/article/7673675667824853567

数据出境负面清单落地：2026 年里程碑与合规路径图

概述

对于在华经营的跨国公司，2026 年年中最重要的监管动态不是某一部法律，而是一个机制的落地运行：自贸试验区数据出境负面清单。负面清单机制依据《促进和规范数据跨境流动规定》而设，允许各试点自贸区在国家数据分类分级保护制度框架内，界定免于常规出境管控程序的数据类别。清单外数据自由出境；清单内（或任何清单之外）的数据继续适用安全评估、标准合同或认证。

2026 年 8 月，该机制从纸面走向实践。8 月 6 日，北京市网信办宣布韩国农协银行北京分行成为我国首家通过负面清单实现数据合规出境的银行业机构——这是金融领域的首例。8 月 14 日，媒体报道横琴完成广东自贸区体制下首单负面清单备案案例，申报主体为澳门国际机场前置货站项目。8 月 20 日，《人民日报》专题报道上海临港新片区”来数加工”模式：外国数据在隔离的离岸环境中加工后直接出海，不进入境内网络。加上中央网信办 8 月 21 日发布的网信企业高质量发展行动计划，这些里程碑共同定义了 2026 年的合规环境。

负面清单如何运作

这一机制概念简单、效果显著。试点自贸区起草数据出境负面清单，经省级网信委批准，报国家网信部门、国家数据管理部门备案后实施。清单外数据出境免予申报安全评估、订立标准合同、通过保护认证。由于”一地制定、多地适用”原则，其他自贸区对同一领域可直接参照已备案清单，无需从零起草——这正是广东能够快速套用外地先行制定的行业清单的原因。

该制度的设计哲学可以用横琴方面的一个比喻来概括：假设所有数据是一张白纸，国家管控的数据是纸上画的一个圆，负面清单界定的就是内圆与外边界之间的圆环——环内数据出境更加便捷，而内圆数据仍走合规路径。这大幅缓解了过去企业因边界模糊而”过度设卡”的合规焦虑。

2026 年里程碑详解

北京”1+9″设计目前最为全面。该清单于 2026 年 5 月发布，依托”两区”（自贸试验区 + 国家服务业扩大开放综合示范区）政策叠加，实现全市域覆盖，在原有 5 个领域基础上新增医疗器械、自动驾驶（智能网联汽车）、贸易物流、银行业 4 大领域，覆盖至 67 个业务场景、612 个数据字段。银行业案例紧随此前多个”首单”而来：全国首个人工智能领域负面清单案例，以及赛诺菲、默沙东、澳科利耳等医药医疗器械标杆项目，均通过北京数据跨境服务中心商务中心区服务站落地。

广东清单于 2026 年 5 月报国家网信办、国家数据局审核备案，聚焦智能装备制造业和个人征信服务业两大领域；横琴落地管理细则并推出”先用后报”便捷路径，澳门国际机场货站案例验证了该通道。上海走得更远，2026 年 4 月把负面清单覆盖范围从自贸区扩展至全市并迭代清单内容；临港模式把清单与跨境数据专线、离岸数据加工、公共算力平台结合，上海累计完成的数据出境安全评估数量约占全国总量的四成。

外资企业合规路径图

负面清单并未废止《个人信息保护法》或《数据安全法》；它是在既有框架内开辟一条更快车道。外资企业的路径图如下：

  1. 确认是否属于试点范围。机制适用于试点自贸区内的主体（北京、上海已扩展至全市）。按主体注册地确认适用清单版本。
  2. 梳理业务场景与数据字段。识别出境数据场景（如外籍员工 HR 数据、研发数据、客户或设备数据）和具体字段，与已备案清单覆盖的场景和字段比对。
  3. 选择通道。场景和字段在清单之外（且不属于国家管控类别的），走简化出境路径，免于安全评估、标准合同、认证；在清单之上或任何清单之外，则分别适用安全评估、标准合同或认证。
  4. 留存记录。即使在简化通道内，企业也应留存在清单外的排除依据，并维护数据分类分级记录以备监管核查，特别是在银行业等监管机构已设定行业预期的领域。
  5. 跟踪清单更新。清单持续迭代；中央网信办 2026—2030 年行动计划支持自贸区制定场景化、字段级清单，并鼓励设立数据跨境服务中心。企业应跟踪本自贸区适用清单的更新，并定期重新筛查数据场景。

相关阅读

  • 《促进和规范数据跨境流动规定》，负面清单机制的源头。
  • 《个人信息保护法》与《数据安全法》，设定负面清单仅在限定范围内放松的底层义务。
  • 中央网信办《促进网信企业高质量发展行动计划（2026—2030 年）》，承诺高效实施与进一步扩围。

来源

  • 中央网络安全和信息化委员会办公室《促进网信企业高质量发展行动计划（2026—2030 年）》：https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-08/21/c_1789061449039952.htm
  • 福建省商务厅《我国首个银行业数据出境负面清单备案落地北京》：https://swt.fujian.gov.cn/xxgk/jgzn/jgcs/zmsyqzcyjs/zmzcc_gzdt/202608/t20260813_7199304.htm
  • 首都文明网（朝阳报）《全国首个银行业数据出境负面清单备案落地北京 CBD》：https://www.bjwmb.gov.cn/wmdt/cyq/10133261.html
  • 中国网《我国首个银行业数据出境负面清单备案落地北京》：https://big5.china.com.cn/gate/big5/zw.china.com.cn/2026-08/07/content_118637480.shtml
  • 南方日报（今日头条转载）《横琴数据出境 有了高速公路》：https://www.toutiao.com/article/7673675667824853567
Security Review / 安全审查

Foreign Investment Security Review in China: A 2026 Practical Guide

  • China’s foreign-investment security review, governed by the Security Review Measures (NDRC & MOFCOM Order No. 37, effective January 2021), applies to investments in defence-related fields and to investments that would give a foreign investor control over enterprises in ten categories of important sectors.
    中国外商投资安全审查制度以《外商投资安全审查办法》（国家发展改革委、商务部令 2020 年第 37 号，2021 年 1 月施行）为依据，适用于国防领域投资，以及将使外国投资者取得十类重要领域企业实际控制权的投资。
  • The review is mandatory-before-investment: parties must file before implementing an investment falling within the reporting scope, and the working mechanism may demand filing even where the investor has not self-reported.
    安全审查是”投资前强制”程序：属于申报范围的投资须在实施前申报，未自行申报的，工作机制办公室有权要求当事人申报。
  • The procedural timeline is predictable: a decision on whether security review is needed within 15 working days, a general review within 30 working days, and a special review within 60 working days, with investments on hold throughout.
    程序时限明确：是否启动安全审查的决定 15 个工作日内作出，一般审查 30 个工作日内完成，特别审查 60 个工作日内完成，审查期间当事人不得实施投资。
  • Outcomes are final and enforceable: approval, approval with conditions, or prohibition; violations can result in orders to divest or restore the pre-investment state, plus adverse credit records.
    审查决定为最终决定且可强制执行：通过、附条件通过或禁止投资；违规后果包括限期处分股权或资产、恢复投资前状态，并记入不良信用记录。
  • In the 2026 policy context, the authorities are simultaneously facilitating foreign M&A and data flows while maintaining the security-review gate, so transaction planning should run security-review screening in parallel with merger-control and negative-list checks.
    2026 年政策背景下，主管部门在便利外资并购与数据跨境流动的同时维持安全审查闸门，交易规划应将安全审查筛查与经营者集中、负面清单核查并行推进。
  • Practical steps: screen the target sector and the control threshold early, use the pre-filing consultation mechanism, and document the national-security-impact analysis thoroughly before signing binding agreements.
    实操要点：尽早筛查标的行业与控制权门槛，善用申报前咨询机制，并在签署约束性协议前完成影响国家安全的说明文件。

Foreign Investment Security Review in China: A 2026 Practical Guide | 中国外商投资安全审查：2026 年实务指南

Overview

Foreign investment security review is one of the three pillars of China’s foreign-investment management system under the Foreign Investment Law, alongside the negative-list regime and the information-reporting regime. The operative rules are the Measures for the Security Review of Foreign Investment (《外商投资安全审查办法》), jointly issued by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce as Order No. 37 of 2020 and effective since 18 January 2021.

The regime’s design is deliberately gate-like rather than discretionary. The Measures define a reporting scope, set out a two-stage review process with fixed deadlines, and give the review decisions — approval, conditional approval or prohibition — the status of final decisions under the Foreign Investment Law. In the 2026 policy environment, where the “Action Plan for Stabilising and Improving Foreign Investment” is simultaneously easing foreign M&A procedures and data-crossing rules, the security review remains the one filter that foreign investors cannot structure around. Understanding its triggers and timeline is therefore a prerequisite for any sizeable inbound transaction.

Who must file and when

The reporting scope covers two categories. First, investments in defence-related fields: investment in the military industry and its supporting industries, and investment in the vicinity of military facilities and military-industrial facilities. Second, investments in ten categories of important sectors — important agricultural products, important energy and resources, major equipment manufacturing, important infrastructure, important transport services, important cultural products and services, important information technology and internet products and services, important financial services, key technologies, and other important fields — where the investor would obtain actual control of the target enterprise.

“Actual control” is defined broadly and includes holding 50% or more of the equity; holding less than 50% but having voting power that can materially influence the resolutions of the board, shareholders’ meeting or general meeting; or any other situation where the foreign investor can materially influence the target’s business decisions, personnel, finance or technology. This broad control definition means that some non-majority, governance-heavy structures may still trigger the filing duty.

Filing is required before the investment is implemented. The foreign investor or the domestic party (together, “the parties”) must proactively file with the working mechanism’s office before implementation. Even where the parties have not self-reported, the office may require filing if the investment falls within the reporting scope. The practical message for deal teams: treat the security-review screening as a mandatory checklist item before signing definitive agreements, not as an afterthought discovered during closing.

The process and timeline

The process has a predictable rhythm. Within 15 working days of receiving a complete filing, the working mechanism’s office decides whether a security review is needed and notifies the parties in writing. If no review is needed, the investment may proceed. If a review is needed, the office must complete the general review within 30 working days. Where the general review finds that the investment affects or may affect national security, a special review is launched, to be completed within 60 working days, extendable in exceptional circumstances. Throughout the review period, the parties may not implement the investment.

The system also contains relief valves. During the review, the parties may modify the investment plan — in which case the review clock restarts from receipt of the revised plan — or withdraw the investment, which terminates the review. Before filing, the parties may consult the working mechanism’s office on questions about the transaction. And a change to the investment plan after approval, where the change affects or may affect national security, requires re-filing.

Outcomes and consequences

The review can end in approval (the investment may proceed), conditional approval (the investment may proceed subject to conditions that the parties have committed to in writing), or prohibition (the investment may not be implemented; if already implemented, the parties must divest or take other measures to restore the pre-investment state). Decisions are final under Article 35 of the Foreign Investment Law.

Enforcement is multi-layered. The working mechanism’s office, together with relevant departments and local governments, supervises implementation; for conditional approvals, it can require evidence and conduct on-site inspections. Non-compliance carries escalating consequences: failing to file an in-scope investment leads to an order to file within a deadline and, if refused, an order to divest; providing false materials or concealing information can lead to revocation of the approval and restoration of the pre-investment state; violating conditions triggers a correction order and, if refused, divestment. Violations are recorded in the national credit information system with joint disciplinary measures.

2026 interaction with the facilitation agenda

The security review does not exist in a vacuum. In June 2026, the “Action Plan for Stabilising and Improving Foreign Investment” promised to accelerate the revision of the foreign M&A rules, allow eligible foreign equity investment institutions to participate as strategic investors in listed-company issuances, and streamline data-outbound flows through negative lists in pilot zones. None of these changes touches the security-review gate; if anything, the simultaneous easing of entry and tightening of control screens makes it more important to run security-review screening in parallel with merger-concentration filings and negative-list checks.

Foreign investors should also note the international context is one of converging practice: major economies all operate equivalent review regimes, and China’s framework mirrors this global trend of gatekeeping foreign investment in sensitive sectors. The compliance posture — early screening, thorough documentation, and timely filing — is the same that prudent investors apply in any jurisdiction with a mandatory review regime.

Practical checklist for inbound transactions

  1. Screen the sector and control threshold early. Map the target against the defence-related categories and the ten important-sector categories, and assess whether the post-investment control structure meets the actual-control definitions.
  2. Use the pre-filing consultation. The Measures expressly allow parties to consult the working mechanism’s office before filing; use this for borderline transactions.
  3. Prepare the national-security-impact analysis. The filing requires a statement on whether the investment affects national security; build this document during due diligence, not during closing.
  4. Run parallel screenings. Coordinate the security-review timeline with merger-concentration filing and negative-list clearance; the review stays on hold while other approvals proceed.
  5. Build in condition-readiness. For sensitive but approvable deals, anticipate conditional approval and prepare to comply with attached conditions, including evidence production and on-site inspections.

Related reading

  • The Foreign Investment Law (2020), which establishes the security review at law level.
  • The Measures for the Security Review of Foreign Investment (Order No. 37 of 2020), the operative regulation.
  • The “Action Plan for Stabilising and Improving Foreign Investment” (June 2026), which sets the facilitation context around the review gate.

Sources

  • 商务部《外商投资安全审查办法》(国家发展改革委、商务部令第 37 号原文): https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/dl/file/20211203230801.pdf
  • 渭南市对外经济技术合作局《中华人民共和国外商投资法》: https://wnzs.weinan.gov.cn/tzzn/yhzc/1946047401564852225.html
  • 洞口县商务局《外商投资办事指南》: https://www.dongkou.gov.cn/dongkou/tzgg/202608/fd4c261c8deb48baa48e8cef772dbcd4.shtml
  • 上海市人民政府外事办公室《〈上海资讯周报〉涉外资讯一站式服务（2026 年 8 月第 2 期，总第 154 期）》: https://wsb.sh.gov.cn/ztzl/shzxzb/20260811/bd3b73a6e882435e92bd4f7213129b46.html
  • 国家发展改革委 投资项目在线审批监管平台《外商投资安全审查办法》条目: https://new.tzxm.gov.cn/zckd/flfg/index_1.shtml

中国外商投资安全审查：2026 年实务指南

概述

外商投资安全审查是《外商投资法》确立的外商投资管理制度三大支柱之一，与负面清单管理和信息报告制度并列。现行操作规则是《外商投资安全审查办法》，由国家发展改革委、商务部以 2020 年第 37 号令联合发布，自 2021 年 1 月 18 日起施行。

该制度的运行设计刻意采用”闸门式”而非自由裁量式：办法界定申报范围，设定两阶段审查流程和固定时限，并依《外商投资法》赋予审查决定——通过、附条件通过或禁止投资——最终决定地位。在 2026 年的政策环境下，《利用外资固稳促优行动方案》同时放宽外资并购程序和数据跨境规则，但安全审查仍是外国投资者无法绕开的唯一过滤环节。因此，理解其触发条件与时限，是任何规模化入境交易的先决条件。

谁须申报、何时申报

申报范围涵盖两类。第一类，国防领域投资：投资军工、军工配套等关系国防安全的领域，以及在军事设施和军工设施周边地域投资。第二类，投资十类重要领域——重要农产品、重要能源和资源、重大装备制造、重要基础设施、重要运输服务、重要文化产品与服务、重要信息技术和互联网产品与服务、重要金融服务、关键技术以及其他重要领域——并取得所投资企业实际控制权。

“实际控制权”的定义宽泛，包括持有企业 50% 以上股权；持股不足 50% 但其表决权能够对董事会、股东会或股东大会决议产生重大影响；以及其他能够对企业经营决策、人事、财务、技术等产生重大影响的情形。这一宽泛的控制权定义意味着，部分非控股但治理权重大的架构仍可能触发申报义务。

申报须在投资实施前完成。外国投资者或境内相关当事人（合称”当事人”）应在实施前主动向工作机制办公室申报。即使当事人未自行申报，若投资属于申报范围，工作机制办公室也有权要求申报。对交易团队而言，实务提示是：把安全审查筛查作为签署确定性协议前的强制清单项，而非交割期间才发现的疏漏。

流程与时限

流程节奏清晰可预期。收到符合要求的申报材料后 15 个工作日内，工作机制办公室决定是否需要安全审查并书面通知当事人。无需审查的，投资即可实施；需要审查的，一般审查须在 30 个工作日内完成。一般审查认定投资影响或可能影响国家安全的，启动特别审查，须在 60 个工作日内完成，特殊情况下可延长。审查期间，当事人不得实施投资。

制度也包含疏导阀门。审查期间，当事人可以修改投资方案——此时审查期限自收到修改后方案之日起重新计算——或撤销投资，从而终止审查。申报前，当事人可以就交易问题向工作机制办公室咨询。审查通过后变更投资方案、影响或可能影响国家安全的，须重新申报。

决定与后果

审查结果有三种：通过（投资可以实施）、附条件通过（按当事人书面承诺的附加条件实施投资）、禁止投资（不得实施；已实施的须限期处分股权或资产等，恢复投资前状态）。依《外商投资法》第三十五条，审查决定为最终决定。

执行是多层次的。工作机制办公室会同有关部门、地方人民政府监督实施；对附条件通过的投资，可要求提供证明材料、开展现场检查核实条件落实情况。违规后果逐级加重：属于申报范围而未申报即实施的，责令限期申报，拒不申报的责令限期处分股权或资产；提供虚假材料或隐瞒信息的，撤销决定、恢复投资前状态；未按附加条件实施的，责令改正，拒不改正的责令处分。违规情形记入国家信用信息系统并实施联合惩戒。

与 2026 年便利化议程的互动

安全审查并非孤立存在。2026 年 6 月，《利用外资固稳促优行动方案》承诺加快修订外资并购规定、允许符合条件的外资股权投资机构参与上市公司发行、通过试点负面清单简化数据出境。这些变化均不触动安全审查闸门；恰恰相反，准入门槛的放宽与管控筛网的收紧并行，使得交易方更有必要将安全审查筛查与经营者集中申报、负面清单核查并行推进。

外国投资者也应注意到国际背景是实践趋同：主要经济体均运行同等审查机制，中国的框架与全球对敏感领域外资把关的趋势一致。合规姿态——尽早筛查、充分留档、及时申报——与审慎投资者在任何实行强制审查机制的法域采取的做法相同。

入境交易实操清单

  1. 尽早筛查行业与控制权门槛。将标的对照国防类与十类重要领域清单，评估投资后控制结构是否落入实际控制权定义。
  2. 善用申报前咨询。办法明确允许当事人在申报前向工作机制办公室咨询，边界交易应优先使用。
  3. 准备国家安全影响说明。申报须提交外商投资是否影响国家安全的说明；这份文件应在尽调期间起草，而非交割期间补做。
  4. 并行推进各项筛查。将安全审查时限与经营者集中申报、负面清单合规协调安排；其他审批推进期间审查保持冻结。
  5. 预置条件应对能力。对敏感但可获批的交易，预判附条件通过，并准备履行附加条件，包括提供证明材料与接受现场检查。

相关阅读

  • 《外商投资法》（2020 年），在法律层面确立安全审查制度。
  • 《外商投资安全审查办法》（2020 年第 37 号令），现行操作规章。
  • 《利用外资固稳促优行动方案》（2026 年 6 月），构成审查闸门周边的便利化背景。

来源

  • 商务部《外商投资安全审查办法》（国家发展改革委、商务部令第 37 号原文）：https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/dl/file/20211203230801.pdf
  • 渭南市对外经济技术合作局《中华人民共和国外商投资法》：https://wnzs.weinan.gov.cn/tzzn/yhzc/1946047401564852225.html
  • 洞口县商务局《外商投资办事指南》：https://www.dongkou.gov.cn/dongkou/tzgg/202608/fd4c261c8deb48baa48e8cef772dbcd4.shtml
  • 上海市人民政府外事办公室《〈上海资讯周报〉涉外资讯一站式服务（2026 年 8 月第 2 期，总第 154 期）》：https://wsb.sh.gov.cn/ztzl/shzxzb/20260811/bd3b73a6e882435e92bd4f7213129b46.html
  • 国家发展改革委 投资项目在线审批监管平台《外商投资安全审查办法》条目：https://new.tzxm.gov.cn/zckd/flfg/index_1.shtml
Foreign M&A / 外资并购, Policy Updates / 政策动态

A New On-Ramp for Foreign Capital: Strategic Investment in A-Share Listed Companies in 2026

  • The June 2026 “Action Plan for Stabilising and Improving Foreign Investment” opens the door for eligible foreign equity investment institutions to participate as strategic investors in securities issuance by listed companies in “non-related industries” — removing the industry-relevance test that previously limited foreign PE participation.
    2026 年 6 月《利用外资固稳促优行动方案》允许符合条件的外资股权投资机构以战略投资者身份参与”非相关行业”上市公司证券发行，取消了此前限制外资 PE 参与的行业相关性要求。
  • The same Action Plan commits to accelerating the revision of the rules on foreign investors’ acquisition of domestic enterprises (the “2006 Measures”, known as Order No. 10), promising streamlined procedures and more flexible consideration-payment requirements.
    同一《行动方案》承诺加快修订《关于外国投资者并购境内企业的规定》（2006 年 10 号令），优化并购管理流程和对价支付要求。
  • The revised Strategic Investment Measures (effective December 2024) already lowered the minimum shareholding threshold for strategic investment via agreement transfer and tender offer from 10% to 5%, added the tender-offer route, and allowed cross-border share swaps using shares of unlisted overseas companies in private placements and tender offers.
    修订后的《外国投资者对上市公司战略投资管理办法》（2024 年 12 月施行）已把协议转让、要约收购方式战略投资的最低持股比例由 10% 降至 5%，新增要约收购路径，并允许定向发行、要约收购中以境外非上市公司股份实施跨境换股。
  • Together, these moves create a clearer pathway for foreign PE, sovereign funds and long-term capital to invest in A-share listed companies without needing a same-industry strategic partner narrative.
    综合来看，这些举措为外资 PE、主权基金和长期资本投资 A 股上市公司开辟了更清晰通道，不再需要”同行业战略资源”的叙事前提。
  • Practical implications: review the capital-investor versus industrial-investor distinction under CSRC rules, prepare governance-participation and lock-up undertakings, and align cross-border share-swap structures with the still-pending revision of Order No. 10.
    实操要点：对照证监会规则区分”资本投资者”与”产业投资者”，准备参与治理与锁定期承诺，并将跨境换股架构与仍在修订中的 10 号令做好衔接。

A New On-Ramp for Foreign Capital: Strategic Investment in A-Share Listed Companies in 2026 | 外资入市新通道：2026 年 A 股上市公司战略投资

Overview

For years, foreign equity investment institutions seeking to take meaningful stakes in Chinese listed companies faced a structural mismatch. The strategic-investment regime under the Measures for Strategic Investment by Foreign Investors in Listed Companies required either a “same or related industry” relationship or a path through the narrower private-placement rules, and the legacy rules on foreign M&A (the 2006 Measures, commonly called “Order No. 10”) had not kept pace with the market. Foreign PE funds that could bring capital, governance discipline and global resources often found themselves unable to fit the strategic-investor mould because their “strategic resources” did not map to the target’s industry.

That mismatch is now being dismantled from two directions. First, the revised Strategic Investment Measures, effective December 2024, lowered the minimum stake for strategic investment via agreement transfer and tender offer from 10% to 5%, added tender offers as a permitted route, extended eligibility to foreign natural persons, relaxed asset requirements for non-controlling investors, and — critically — allowed cross-border share swaps using shares of unlisted overseas companies in private placements and tender offers. Second, the “Action Plan for Stabilising and Improving Foreign Investment” (《利用外资固稳促优行动方案》), issued by the Ministry of Commerce, the NDRC and the Ministry of Finance in June 2026, explicitly states that eligible foreign equity investment institutions may participate as strategic investors in securities issuance by listed companies in “non-related industries,” and commits to accelerating the revision of Order No. 10.

What the “non-related industry” change means

Under the CSRC’s refinancing rules, strategic investors in a lock-up private placement are split into two categories: industrial investors and capital investors. Industrial investors must hold “important strategic resources in the same or related industries” of the listed company. Capital investors — long-term institutional investors that hold a prescribed threshold, participate in corporate governance and contribute strategic resources in practice — were defined without clearly including foreign equity investment institutions.

The Action Plan’s language cuts through this uncertainty. By allowing eligible foreign equity investment institutions to participate as strategic investors in securities issuance of non-related industries, it signals that foreign PE and sovereign-wealth-type investors can qualify as capital investors without needing an industry-adjacent story. In practice, this is the clearest regulatory recognition to date that professional long-term capital — willing to hold, participate in governance and integrate resources — is itself a legitimate form of strategic value.

The Shanghai Foreign Affairs Office’s August 2026 briefing on foreign-investment policy describes this as the “crossing of boundaries” for strategic investment, noting that the change opens the A-share market to incremental foreign capital and reserves policy space for long-term investors such as foreign sovereign funds.

The pending revision of Order No. 10

The Action Plan also promises to “accelerate the revision and promulgation of the provisions on foreign investors’ acquisition of domestic enterprises, optimise M&A procedures and consideration-payment requirements, and strengthen cross-departmental regulatory coordination.” The reference is to Order No. 10, the 2006 Measures on the Acquisition of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors.

Three frictions make the revision consequential. First, the cross-border share-swap clause in Order No. 10 still requires that shares used as consideration be shares of an overseas listed company, whereas the revised Strategic Investment Measures already allow unlisted overseas company shares in private placements and tender offers — an inconsistency the revision is expected to reconcile. Second, the coordination between Order No. 10’s procedural requirements and the Foreign Investment Law’s information-reporting regime needs streamlining. Third, the interface between Order No. 10 and the strategic-investment regime overlaps and should be clarified.

For foreign investors structuring deals today, the practical guidance is to build transactions with the expectation that Order No. 10 will be revised, while complying with the current rules: foreign M&A continues to require information reporting, and the revised Strategic Investment Measures already govern strategic investment thresholds, lock-ups and payment methods.

Practical checklist for foreign investors

  1. Determine which regime applies. Strategic investment in a listed company (revised Strategic Investment Measures), M&A of an unlisted domestic target (Order No. 10, pending revision), and concentration filing under the Anti-Monopoly Law may all be triggered; map them before structuring.
  2. Classify the investor role. Under the CSRC’s strategic-investor framework for refinancing, document how the investor qualifies as a capital investor — long-term holding intent, shareholding threshold, governance participation and actual resource contribution.
  3. Prepare the lock-up and governance undertakings. Strategic investment typically entails a 12-month lock-up (or longer for controlling positions) and governance commitments; align these with the issuer’s board arrangements.
  4. Review consideration methods. Where cross-border share swaps are contemplated, confirm whether the consideration shares are listed or unlisted and which regime governs, given the divergence between Order No. 10 and the Strategic Investment Measures.
  5. Anticipate the Order No. 10 revision. Monitor the MOFCOM and SAMR consultation pipeline; the Action Plan signals that streamlined procedures and flexible consideration-payment requirements are coming.

Related reading

  • The Strategic Investment Measures (revised, effective December 2024) and the CSRC’s refinancing rules on strategic investors.
  • The “Action Plan for Stabilising and Improving Foreign Investment” (June 2026), including its M&A and strategic-investment commitments.
  • The Anti-Monopoly Law’s merger-concentration filing thresholds, which apply to foreign M&A regardless of the strategic-investment route.

Sources

  • 商务部 国家发展改革委 财政部《利用外资固稳促优行动方案》(中国政府网): https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202606/content_7072838.htm
  • 商务部《商务部、国家发展改革委、财政部联合印发〈利用外资固稳促优行动方案〉》: https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/syxwfb/art/2026/art_6321e5e42c6246319e12876d5a6786f2.html
  • 上海市人民政府外事办公室《〈上海资讯周报〉涉外资讯一站式服务（2026 年 8 月第 3 期，总第 155 期）》: https://wsb.sh.gov.cn/ztzl/shzxzb/20260818/ce3cd5fcab334d1ea3a994e97d178583.html
  • 天津市商务局《商务部 国家发展改革委 财政部关于印发〈利用外资固稳促优行动方案〉的通知》: https://shangwuju.tj.gov.cn/tjsswjzz/zwdt/wzdt/wzgl/zcfg/202608/t20260820_7355374.html
  • 商务部《凌激副部长兼国际贸易谈判副代表出席国新办发布会介绍利用外资固稳促优有关政策措施》: https://www.mofcom.gov.cn:8443/zcjd/tzhz/art/2026/art_d0190837f61147258546c1bcc8f9be05.html

外资入市新通道：2026 年 A 股上市公司战略投资

概述

多年来，希望在中国的上市公司中取得有意义持股的外资股权投资机构一直面临结构性错配。现行《外国投资者对上市公司战略投资管理办法》下的战略投资制度要求”同行业或相关行业”关系，或只能走更窄的定向发行规则；而关于外资并购的旧规（2006 年《关于外国投资者并购境内企业的规定》，俗称”10 号令”）也未能跟上市场变化。能够带来资本、治理纪律和全球资源的外资 PE 基金，往往因为其”战略资源”无法对应标的企业所处行业，而无法契合战略投资者身份。

这一错配正从两个方向被拆除。其一，修订后的《战略投资管理办法》自 2024 年 12 月施行，把协议转让、要约收购方式战略投资的最低持股比例由 10% 降至 5%，新增要约收购路径，将外国自然人纳入投资者范围，降低非控股投资者的资产要求，并——关键之处——允许定向发行、要约收购中以境外非上市公司股份实施跨境换股。其二，商务部、国家发展改革委、财政部 2026 年 6 月印发的《利用外资固稳促优行动方案》明确表示，允许符合条件的外资股权投资机构以战略投资者身份参与”非相关行业”上市公司证券发行，并承诺加快修订 10 号令。

“非相关行业”突破意味着什么

根据证监会再融资规则，锁定价格定向发行中的战略投资者分为两类：产业投资者和资本投资者。产业投资者须持有上市公司”同行业或者相关行业重要战略性资源”。资本投资者——长期持股、达到规定持股比例、参与公司治理并实际导入战略资源的长期机构投资者——其定义并未明确包含外资股权投资机构。

《行动方案》的表述一举扫除这一不确定性。允许符合条件的外资股权投资机构参与”非相关行业”上市公司证券发行，意味着外资 PE 和主权基金类投资者可以在不编造行业相邻叙事的前提下，以资本投资者身份获得资格。实务上，这是迄今对”专业长期资本本身就是一种合法战略价值形态”最清晰的监管认可。

上海市人民政府外事办公室 2026 年 8 月的涉外政策简报将此举描述为战略投资的”跨界”，指出这一变化为 A 股引入增量外资打开通道，并为外国主权基金等长期资本预留了政策空间。

10 号令修订在即

《行动方案》同时承诺”加快修订出台关于外国投资者并购境内企业的规定，优化并购管理流程和对价支付要求，强化部门监管协同”。所指正是 10 号令——2006 年《关于外国投资者并购境内企业的规定》。

三处摩擦使修订势在必行。其一，10 号令关于跨境换股的条款仍要求作为支付手段的股权必须是”境外上市公司股权”，而修订后的《战略投资管理办法》已允许定向发行、要约收购使用境外非上市公司股份，两者存在规范冲突，预计通过修订实现制度衔接。其二，10 号令的程序性要求与《外商投资法》框架下的信息报告制度需要理顺。其三，10 号令与战略投资制度的适用范围存在重叠，应予以澄清。

对当前正在设计交易的外国投资者，实务指引是：在预期 10 号令将修订的前提下构建交易，同时遵守现行规则——外资并购继续需要信息报告，战略投资的持股门槛、锁定期与支付方式则已由修订后的《战略投资管理办法》规范。

外国投资者实操清单

  1. 确定适用制度。上市公司战略投资（修订版《战略投资管理办法》）、未上市境内标的并购（10 号令，修订在即）以及《反垄断法》下的经营者集中申报可能同时触发；构架前先逐项梳理。
  2. 界定投资者角色。按证监会再融资战略投资者框架，书面论证投资者如何符合资本投资者条件——长期持股意图、持股比例门槛、参与治理与实际资源导入。
  3. 准备锁定期与治理承诺。战略投资通常涉及 12 个月锁定期（控股地位更长）与治理承诺；与发行人的董事会安排对齐。
  4. 审查对价方式。在考虑跨境换股时，确认对价股份是上市还是非上市、由哪套制度管辖，注意 10 号令与《战略投资管理办法》的差异。
  5. 预判 10 号令修订。跟踪商务部、市场监管总局征求意见动态；《行动方案》已释放流程简化、对价支付要求灵活化的信号。

相关阅读

  • 《外国投资者对上市公司战略投资管理办法》（2024 年 12 月修订施行）与证监会再融资战略投资者规则。
  • 《利用外资固稳促优行动方案》（2026 年 6 月），含其并购与战略投资承诺。
  • 《反垄断法》经营者集中申报标准，无论是否走战略投资路径，外资并购均须适用。

来源

  • 商务部 国家发展改革委 财政部《利用外资固稳促优行动方案》（中国政府网）：https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202606/content_7072838.htm
  • 商务部《商务部、国家发展改革委、财政部联合印发〈利用外资固稳促优行动方案〉》：https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/syxwfb/art/2026/art_6321e5e42c6246319e12876d5a6786f2.html
  • 上海市人民政府外事办公室《〈上海资讯周报〉涉外资讯一站式服务（2026 年 8 月第 3 期，总第 155 期）》：https://wsb.sh.gov.cn/ztzl/shzxzb/20260818/ce3cd5fcab334d1ea3a994e97d178583.html
  • 天津市商务局《商务部 国家发展改革委 财政部关于印发〈利用外资固稳促优行动方案〉的通知》：https://shangwuju.tj.gov.cn/tjsswjzz/zwdt/wzdt/wzgl/zcfg/202608/t20260820_7355374.html
  • 商务部《凌激副部长兼国际贸易谈判副代表出席国新办发布会介绍利用外资固稳促优有关政策措施》：https://www.mofcom.gov.cn:8443/zcjd/tzhz/art/2026/art_d0190837f61147258546c1bcc8f9be05.html
Deregistration / 注销清算

Enterprise Deregistration in China 2026: A Practical Guide for Foreign-Invested Companies

  • Six central ministries jointly issued the “Enterprise Deregistration Guidelines (2025 Revision)” (Announcement No. 52 of 2025), systematically consolidating dissolution, liquidation and deregistration rules scattered across the Company Law and other statutes into one standardised reference.
    市场监管总局等六部门联合发布《企业注销指引（2025 年修订）》（2025 年第 52 号公告），将散见于《公司法》等多部法律法规中的解散、清算、注销规则系统整合为一份标准化指引。
  • The revised Guidelines offer three deregistration tracks — ordinary, simplified and “one thing” joint processing — so that foreign-invested enterprises can choose the fastest lawful path to exit.
    修订后的《指引》提供普通注销、简易注销、”一件事”联动注销三类流程，外资企业可按自身情况选择最快合规退出路径。
  • The “one thing” reform allows tax clearance, social-insurance termination, seal cancellation and bank-account closure to be handled through a single online application with one form and one submission.
    “一件事”改革实现清税、社保停缴、印章注销、银行账户销户等事项一表填报、一次提交、一网通办。
  • Special difficult cases — missing shareholders, lost licences or seals, deregistered legal representatives — now have defined solutions, removing the classic “stuck at deregistration” dead ends that trapped many FIE wind-downs.
    股东失联、执照公章遗失、法定代表人失联等特殊疑难情形有了明确解决路径，破除了长期困扰外资企业清算退出的”注销卡死”难题。
  • Simplified deregistration keeps a 20-day public-notice period with no advertisement fees, making it the fastest option for debt-free or never-traded foreign-invested companies.
    简易注销公示期维持 20 天且网上公示免费，是无债务或未实际经营外资公司的最快退出通道。
  • Enforcement is tightening in parallel: deregistration does not extinguish liability, and regulators can revoke a completed deregistration and restore tax registration where concealed tax or illegal invoicing is later discovered.
    监管同步趋严：注销不等于免责，若事后发现隐匿收入、虚开发票等违法情形，登记机关可撤销注销登记并恢复税务登记。

Enterprise Deregistration in China 2026: A Practical Guide for Foreign-Invested Companies | 2026 年中国企业注销实务：外资企业退出指南

Overview

Exiting China can be harder than entering it. For years, foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) that decided to wind down faced a patchwork of requirements: tax clearance certificates, creditor notices, seal and licence returns, bank account closures — each handled by a different authority, often in a fixed order, with little coordination. A single missing document or an uncooperative shareholder could stall the process for months.

That picture has changed. On 12 December 2025, the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR), together with the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the People’s Bank of China, the General Administration of Customs and the State Taxation Administration, issued the “Enterprise Deregistration Guidelines (2025 Revision)” (《企业注销指引（2025 年修订）》) under Announcement No. 52 of 2025. Building on the 2023 revision, the new Guidelines implement the requirements of the revised Company Law and the Company Registration Administrative Implementation Measures, and codify the results of the “one thing” (高效办成一件事) government-services reform. For FIEs, the practical effect is threefold: a clearer legal map of the exit process, a faster and more coordinated procedure, and — importantly — a sharper warning that deregistration never wipes out liability.

Three deregistration tracks

The Guidelines set out three tracks, and choosing the right one is the single biggest lever on exit speed.

The ordinary track applies to the general case. The company adopts a resolution to dissolve, forms a liquidation committee (led by directors under the new Company Law, unless the articles say otherwise), publishes a creditor notice within 60 days (with a 45-day announcement period), conducts liquidation, files tax deregistration and a tax-clearance certificate, and then applies for deregistration of the company. For a typical operating FIE, the full cycle takes roughly two to three months, and longer in complex cases.

The simplified track is available to companies that have never started business or that have fully settled their debts and liabilities, and that are not on the list of abnormal operation or seriously dishonest entities. The process is dramatically shorter: a 20-day public notice on the National Enterprise Credit Information Publicity System, followed by submission of the application and the all-investor undertaking letter. The notice is published online for free, and the whole procedure can often be completed in about a month. Since 1 May 2026, the 2026 versions of the registration document and material standards have made the simplified track more precise by splitting it into its own lane.

The “one thing” joint track is the reform highlight. Tax clearance, social-insurance termination, seal cancellation and bank-account closure are handled through a single online application on the government service platform — one form, one submission, one window. This eliminates the classic requirement to run between the market regulation bureau, tax bureau, social-insurance office, and bank branches in a fixed sequence.

Solutions for difficult cases

A major part of the 2025 revision addresses the special situations that historically trapped FIEs. Where a shareholder is missing or uncooperative and a liquidation committee cannot be formed, the Guidelines set out defined routes: the remaining shareholders can apply to the court to appoint liquidators, and in the seven-province pilot for compulsory liquidation (Beijing, Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Henan, Sichuan and Guangdong), the registration authority itself can apply to the court for compulsory liquidation of “zombie” companies.

Where the business licence or company seal has been lost, companies no longer need to re-apply for the licence before deregistration; a public loss notice on the credit information system suffices. Where the legal representative is missing, deceased or refuses to cooperate, the company can proceed with the support of the remaining governance bodies and the heir or successor procedures set out in the Guidelines. Where a shareholder is deceased, the lawful heirs can act in place of the deceased shareholder to sign the deregistration resolutions.

For companies whose licences have been revoked for three years without deregistration, the compulsory deregistration mechanism applies, with a 90-day objection period after the public notice. The Guidelines are careful to state, however, that compulsory deregistration does not extinguish the debts or tax liabilities of the original shareholders and directors.

What has not changed — and what has sharpened

Three points deserve emphasis for foreign investors planning an orderly exit.

First, tax clearance remains the gateway. Deregistration is not a tax amnesty. The tax authorities will verify that all tax returns, including liquidation income tax, have been filed and that all taxes, late fees and penalties are settled before the tax-clearance certificate is issued. Fines and unpaid social-insurance contributions must be cleared before the simplified track can be used; four categories of enterprises — those with tax arrears or abnormal invoicing, unsettled social-insurance or housing-fund arrears, administrative penalties or pending litigation, and those flagged as tax risk payers — are excluded from simplified deregistration and must use the ordinary track.

Second, the liability horizon has lengthened. Under the revised framework, the statute of limitations for pursuing concealed tax or fraudulent invoicing extends to five years after deregistration, and in cases of fraud the tax authorities can revoke the deregistration and restore the tax registration at any time. Practically, the records of liquidation must be retained for ten years. Foreign parent companies should therefore insist that Chinese subsidiaries complete a thorough pre-deregistration tax and debt review, and that liquidation files be archived properly, rather than assuming that deregistration closes the file forever.

Third, directors now carry the primary liquidation duty. Under the new Company Law, directors are the default liquidation obligors, and failure to form a liquidation committee within 15 days of the dissolution event can give rise to personal liability. Foreign shareholders nominating directors to a Chinese JV or WFOE should confirm that those directors understand their liquidation duties — a point that is often overlooked until a wind-down begins.

Practical steps for FIEs

  1. Decide the track early. Map the company’s debt, tax, invoicing and employment status against the eligibility criteria for simplified deregistration before announcing anything.
  2. Run a pre-exit tax and social-insurance health check. Clear arrears, close abnormal tax status, cancel unused invoices and tax-control equipment, and settle payroll and social-insurance contributions.
  3. Handle cross-border specifics. For FIEs, confirm that foreign-exchange deregistration, customs registration cancellation (where applicable) and any special permits are included in the joint application or sequenced correctly.
  4. Use the online one-stop platform. Publish the notice, submit the application and track progress through the National Enterprise Credit Information Publicity System and the government service portal.
  5. Keep the archives. Retain liquidation reports, accounts and vouchers for ten years, and keep evidence of creditor notification and asset distribution.

Related reading

  • The Company Law (revised, effective July 2024) and the Company Registration Administrative Implementation Measures, which anchor the liquidation and deregistration duties.
  • SAMR’s “high-efficiency one thing” implementation opinions covering enterprise information changes, deregistration and restaurant opening.
  • Provincial implementations of the deregistration “one thing” reform, which add local service channels and timelines.

Sources

  • 公安部《六部门发布〈企业注销指引（2025 年修订）〉》: https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2254098/n4904352/c10351993/content.html
  • 国家税务总局上海市税务局《市场监管总局等六部门关于发布〈企业注销指引（2025 年修订）〉的公告》: https://shanghai.chinatax.gov.cn/gate/big5/shanghai.chinatax.gov.cn/zzzb/zcwj/202601/t478906.html
  • 国家市场监督管理总局《关于进一步优化政务服务提升行政效能推进”高效办成一件事”的实施意见》: https://www.samr.gov.cn/djzcj/zcfg/qt/art/2026/art_88cdbfde20d54e9396ff6d7d649b6acd.html
  • 武汉市洪山区人民政府《市场监管总局关于印发经营主体登记文书规范和提交材料规范（2026 年版）的通知》: https://www.hongshan.gov.cn/gzfw/ztfw/qykb_85388/zctz_85390/202608/t20260825_2838574.shtml
  • 柳州市行政审批局《〈企业注销指引（2025 年修订）〉正式发布》: http://wsbs.liuzhou.gov.cn/xwzx/xwdt/202601/t20260112_3712408.shtml

2026 年中国企业注销实务：外资企业退出指南

概述

退出中国往往比进入中国更难。多年来，决定清算的外资企业要面对一套零散的要求：清税证明、债权人公告、印章和执照缴回、银行账户销户——每项由不同部门办理，往往还有固定顺序，部门之间缺乏协同。一份材料缺失或一位股东不配合，就可能让整个流程停滞数月。

这一局面已经改变。2025 年 12 月 12 日，市场监管总局会同公安部、人力资源社会保障部、中国人民银行、海关总署、税务总局，以 2025 年第 52 号公告发布《企业注销指引（2025 年修订）》。新《指引》在 2023 年修订版基础上，落实新修订《公司法》和《公司登记管理实施办法》的要求，并将”高效办成一件事”政务服务改革成果固化为制度。对外资企业而言，实际影响有三方面：退出流程的法律地图更加清晰，办理程序更快更协同，同时——重要的是——注销从不豁免责任的警示更加明确。

三类注销流程

《指引》设置了三条路径，选对路径是决定退出速度的最大杠杆。

普通注销适用于一般情形。公司决议解散，成立清算组（按新《公司法》由董事担任，章程另有规定除外），60 日内通知已知债权人并发布债权人公告（公告期 45 天），开展清算，办理税务注销并取得清税证明，最后申请注销登记。对正常经营的外资企业，全周期约需两到三个月，复杂情形更久。

简易注销适用于未开业或已清偿全部债权债务、且未被列入经营异常名录或严重失信主体名单的企业。流程大幅缩短：在国家企业信用信息公示系统公示 20 天，随后提交申请和全体投资人承诺书即可。公示网上办理且免费，全程约一个月内办结。自 2026 年 5 月 1 日起施行的《经营主体登记文书规范（2026 年版）》和《经营主体登记提交材料规范（2026 年版）》，将简易注销独立成专属通道，适用标准更加明确。

“一件事”联动注销是本次改革亮点。清税、社保停缴、印章注销、银行账户销户通过政务平台一次申报——一表填报、一次提交、一窗办结，不再需要按固定顺序往返市监、税务、社保和银行网点。

疑难情形的解决路径

2025 年修订的很大篇幅用于解决历史上卡住外资企业的特殊情形。股东失联或不配合、无法自行组织清算的，可按《指引》设定的路径由其余股东申请法院指定清算；在北京、河北、江苏、浙江、河南、四川、广东七省市开展的公司登记机关向法院申请强制清算试点中，登记机关可主动推动”僵尸企业”退出。

营业执照或公章遗失的，不再需要先补办证照再注销，只需在信用信息系统完成遗失公示即可。法定代表人失联、死亡或不配合的，可在其余治理主体配合下按《指引》规定的继承人、继受主体程序推进。自然人股东死亡的，其有权继承人可代为办理注销。

被吊销营业执照满三年仍未申请注销的，适用强制注销机制，公告期 90 日。但《指引》明确提示：强制注销不豁免原股东、清算义务人的债务清偿和纳税义务。

不变与趋严之处

对外国投资者规划有序退出，有三点值得强调。

第一，清税仍是前提。注销不是税收豁免。税务机关会核验包括清算所得在内的所有税种申报是否完成、全部税款、滞纳金和罚款是否结清，之后才出具清税证明。有欠税或发票异常、社保公积金欠费未结清、涉及行政处罚或诉讼、被列为税务风险纳税人的四类企业，均不得适用简易注销，须走普通程序。

第二，责任追溯期延长。修订后框架下，对隐匿税款、虚开发票等违法情形的追缴时效延伸至注销后五年，涉欺诈的，税务机关可随时撤销注销并恢复税务登记。实务上，清算档案法定保存期延长至十年。外国母公司应要求中国子公司完成彻底的事前税务与债务审查，并妥善归档清算文件，而非假定注销即永久结案。

第三，董事成为清算第一责任主体。按新《公司法》，董事是默认的清算义务人，解散事由出现后 15 日内未成立清算组可能引发个人责任。向中外合资或外商独资企业委派董事的外国股东，应确认这些董事了解其清算职责——这一点在清算启动前常常被忽视。

外资企业实操要点

  1. 尽早确定路径。在对外宣布前，对照简易注销的适用条件梳理公司的债务、税务、发票和用工状态。
  2. 开展退出前税务与社保健康检查。结清欠费、解除税务非正常状态、缴销未用发票和税控设备、结清工资与社保。
  3. 处理跨境特有事项。确认外汇登记注销、海关报关单位注销（如涉及）和各类专项许可纳入联办或按正确顺序办理。
  4. 使用线上一站式平台。通过国家企业信用信息公示系统和政务服务门户发布公告、提交申请并跟踪进度。
  5. 留存档案。清算报告、账簿、凭证保存十年，并保留债权人通知与财产分配的凭证。

相关阅读

  • 《公司法》（修订后自 2024 年 7 月施行）与《公司登记管理实施办法》，是清算与注销义务的基石。
  • 市场监管总局关于企业信息变更、企业注销和开办餐饮店”一件事”的实施意见。
  • 各省注销”一件事”改革实施方案，叠加了地方服务渠道与时限。

来源

  • 公安部《六部门发布〈企业注销指引（2025 年修订）〉》：https://www.mps.gov.cn/n2254098/n4904352/c10351993/content.html
  • 国家税务总局上海市税务局《市场监管总局等六部门关于发布〈企业注销指引（2025 年修订）〉的公告》：https://shanghai.chinatax.gov.cn/gate/big5/shanghai.chinatax.gov.cn/zzzb/zcwj/202601/t478906.html
  • 国家市场监督管理总局《关于进一步优化政务服务提升行政效能推进”高效办成一件事”的实施意见》：https://www.samr.gov.cn/djzcj/zcfg/qt/art/2026/art_88cdbfde20d54e9396ff6d7d649b6acd.html
  • 武汉市洪山区人民政府《市场监管总局关于印发经营主体登记文书规范和提交材料规范（2026 年版）的通知》：https://www.hongshan.gov.cn/gzfw/ztfw/qykb_85388/zctz_85390/202608/t20260825_2838574.shtml
  • 柳州市行政审批局《〈企业注销指引（2025 年修订）〉正式发布》：http://wsbs.liuzhou.gov.cn/xwzx/xwdt/202601/t20260112_3712408.shtml