Two New GACC Market-Access Notices: Uzbek Watermelon and African Cocoa Beans
- Two notices, two clocks: No. 145 on Uzbek watermelon took effect on issue, 10 October 2026, while No. 147 on African cocoa beans was issued on 15 October but applies only from 15 December 2026.
两份公告、两套时间表：第 145 号（乌兹别克斯坦西瓜）于 2026 年 10 月 10 日发布并即日施行；第 147 号（非洲可可豆）10 月 15 日发布，但要到 2026 年 12 月 15 日才施行。
- Both are plant quarantine access notices: they settle whether a product may cross the border at all, and contain no tariff line, no quota and no licensing change.
两份文件都属于植物检疫准入公告，规定的是产品能否跨过口岸这一前提，不涉及税率、配额，也不涉及许可证管理的变化。
- Notice 145 controls the field: watermelon must come from ISPM 10 pest-free areas approved by China, with fields and packing houses jointly registered before each season, and four named pests monitored under ISPM 6.
第 145 号管的是田间：西瓜须来自按 ISPM 10 建立并获中方批准的非疫产区，地块与包装厂须在每个出口季前由双方共同注册，甜瓜迷实蝇、黄瓜黑星病菌、苜蓿黄萎病菌、菊花滑刃线虫四种有害生物须按 ISPM 6 监测。
- Notice 147 controls the process: unroasted beans only, plants registered by the customs administration, traceability to the growing base, records kept two years, and sampling at no less than 2%, falling to 1% only if no quarantine problem arises.
第 147 号管的是工序：只覆盖未经烘焙的可可豆，加工企业须经海关总署注册，须能溯源至种植基地，记录至少保存两年，抽样比例不低于 2%，只有未出现检疫问题时才可降至 1%。
- Enforcement is graded: return, destruction or quarantine treatment, with registration suspended pending rectification.
不合格处置是分级的，并非简单的放行或退运：可作退回、销毁或检疫除害处理，注册资格也可暂停，视整改结果再定。
Two New GACC Market-Access Notices: Uzbek Watermelon and African Cocoa Beans | 海关总署第 145 号与第 147 号公告：乌兹别克斯坦西瓜、非洲可可豆的检疫准入
Overview
On 10 October 2026 the General Administration of Customs issued Announcement No. 145, opening the market to fresh watermelon from Uzbekistan. Five days later it issued No. 147 on cocoa beans from African countries that maintain diplomatic relations with China — a text that does not take effect until 15 December 2026. The cocoa notice is published in full on the customs portal (http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/2026-10/15/article_2026101516150313134.html).
Both are phytosanitary access notices: neither touches tariffs, quotas or licensing. They settle the prior question — whether a plant product may cross the border at all, from which sites, under which pest controls, with which documents, and what happens when a consignment fails. Read together they sit at opposite ends of the processing spectrum: watermelon is proved in the field, cocoa at the plant.
Key developments in 2026
Notice 145: fresh watermelon from Uzbekistan
The legal basis is the Biosafety Law, the plant and animal quarantine law and its regulations, the Food Safety Law and its regulations, the imported fruit measures and the bilateral protocol.
Origin is limited to Uzbek production areas. Fields and packing houses must be reviewed by the Uzbek side and jointly registered, with name, address and registration number recorded. Before each season the Uzbek authority supplies the list; China reviews it, publishes it on the customs website and updates it periodically. A consignment from an unlisted site has no route through the system.
Four pests are named: the melon fruit fly, cucumber scab, Verticillium wilt of alfalfa and the chrysanthemum foliar nematode. Fields must follow good agricultural practice and integrated pest management with monitoring under ISPM 6, and the areas themselves must be pest-free zones built to ISPM 10 and approved by China. The notice does not ask exporters to test their way out of a problem; it asks them to show the problem was absent in the field. The full text has been reproduced by a provincial commerce department (https://commerce.ah.gov.cn/ggfw/gpmyyWTOsw/jqgz/123524731.html).
Notice 147: cocoa beans from African partners
Published on 15 October and effective on 15 December 2026, the text is public but not operative in between — which matters for contracts drafted this quarter.
Scope is drawn tightly: beans grown and processed in the exporting country, unroasted, with pulp and pod removed, obtained through fermentation, drying and screening. “Unroasted” is the operative qualifier; paste, butter and powder stay outside.
Processing plants must be reviewed by the exporting country’s official service and registered by the customs administration, with the list published before trade begins. The check belongs before the first contract, not at the port.
Six pests are named: the groundnut borer, cocoa black pod, black root rot, brown root rot, white root rot and a cocoa flower-gall fungus.
Requirements run in four stages: growing (good agricultural practice, integrated pest management, records kept at least two years, no China-prohibited pesticides); processing (traceability to the growing base, manual picking and screening); packing (ISPM 15 wood, bilingual cartons naming the product, country, origin and registration number plus “consigned to the People’s Republic of China”, sealed containers); and inspection (sampling at no less than 2% for two years, reducible to 1% if no plant quarantine problem arises, plus a certificate carrying an additional declaration in the prescribed English wording).
Non-compliance is graded. An unregistered supplier, a missing certificate or a food safety failure leads to return or destruction; live pests, plant residues or soil to return, destruction or treatment; and the administration may suspend the enterprise, then decide on deregistration after rectification.
Scope note and trade backdrop
Cocoa from São Tomé and Príncipe continues under Announcement No. 120 of 2024, not No. 147. “African countries with diplomatic relations” is the frame of the notice, not a roll-up of the continent.
On 14 October the administration reported first three quarters goods trade of 39.94 trillion yuan, up 18.8%; exports of 23.2 trillion yuan, up 16.4%; imports of 16.74 trillion yuan, up 22.3%; September trade of 5.16 trillion yuan, up 27.5%; and imports from zero-tariff countries of 867.53 billion yuan, up 15.3% (http://www.customs.gov.cn/).
Practical implications for foreign businesses
Check the clock before the contract. Watermelon access is live; cocoa access is not, until 15 December 2026. A contract signed now for November shipment should say which side carries that risk.
Verify registration on both sides. Grower and packing house for watermelon, processing plant for cocoa. An unlisted counterparty cannot be cured by better paperwork.
Match the evidence to the product. Fruit is proved in the field, processed goods at the plant.
Treat packaging and certificates as inspection points. ISPM 15 wood, bilingual marking, container seals and the additional declaration are cheap at the factory and costly at the border.
Do not read the notices as trade policy. No tariff line, no quota. Nor do they displace importer registration, labelling or product standards, which sit in other instruments.
Related reading
Three adjacent topics matter alongside this one: how a foreign food producer registers before its first consignment, what a pest-free area certifies, and how wood packaging rules are enforced at entry.
Sources
- General Administration of Customs, Announcement No. 147 of 2026 on phytosanitary requirements for cocoa beans from African countries with diplomatic relations (issued 15 October 2026, effective 15 December 2026): http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/2026-10/15/article_2026101516150313134.html
- Announcement No. 145 of 2026 on phytosanitary requirements for fresh watermelon from Uzbekistan, reproduced by the Anhui Provincial Department of Commerce: https://commerce.ah.gov.cn/ggfw/gpmyyWTOsw/jqgz/123524731.html
- General Administration of Customs, announcements column, for access notices and registered enterprise lists: http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/index.html
- General Administration of Customs, portal and press releases, including the first three quarters 2026 trade figures: http://www.customs.gov.cn/
海关总署第 145 号与第 147 号公告：乌兹别克斯坦西瓜、非洲可可豆的检疫准入
概述
2026 年 10 月 10 日，海关总署发布第 145 号公告，允许符合要求的乌兹别克斯坦鲜食西瓜进口。五天之后的 10 月 15 日，海关总署又发布第 147 号公告，就非洲建交国家可可豆的检疫要求作出规定，但这份文本要到 2026 年 12 月 15 日才施行。可可豆公告全文已在海关门户网站公布（http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/2026-10/15/article_2026101516150313134.html）。
两份文件同属一类成熟的监管文书：植物检疫准入公告。二者都不涉及税率，不涉及配额，也不涉及企业经营资质。它们规定的是一个更靠前的问题——某种植物产品究竟能不能跨过口岸，来自哪些生产场所，在什么样的有害生物控制条件下，随附哪些单证，以及一旦不合格该如何处置。把两份公告放在一起读，价值在于它们恰好位于加工链条的两端。西瓜是鲜食水果，控制重心在田间，靠的是产区的非疫状态和整个生长季的监测记录；可可豆是加工类农产品，控制重心随之往后移到溯源、挑拣与出证。这个差别也决定了进口商应当在哪个环节投入精力：一票西瓜货能不能走，通常在种下去的时候就已经决定；一票可可豆能不能走，则要到加工和装运阶段才见分晓。
2026 年的主要进展
第 145 号：乌兹别克斯坦鲜食西瓜
法律依据包括《生物安全法》《进出境动植物检疫法》及其实施条例、《食品安全法》及其实施条例、《进境水果检验检疫监督管理办法》，以及中乌双方签署的议定书。
产地限于乌兹别克斯坦的西瓜产区。地块和包装厂须经乌方审核，再由双方共同注册，注册信息包含名称、地址和注册号码。每个出口季开始前，乌方提供注册名单，中方审核后在本国海关网站公布并定期更新。来自名单之外地块或包装厂的货物，走不通这套流程，品质再好也无济于事。对进口商而言，这一环节意味着签约前就要把对方是否在当季名单之内核对清楚，而不是等货物离港后再补。
关注的有害生物共四种：甜瓜迷实蝇、黄瓜黑星病菌、苜蓿黄萎病菌、菊花滑刃线虫。田间管理须实施良好农业操作规范与有害生物综合治理，并按 ISPM 6 开展田间监测；产区本身须是按 ISPM 10 建立并获中方批准的非疫产区。公告并不期待出口方靠检测把问题”检掉”，而是要求其证明这片田里本来就没有这些问题。公告全文已由省级商务主管部门转载（https://commerce.ah.gov.cn/ggfw/gpmyyWTOsw/jqgz/123524731.html）。
第 147 号：非洲伙伴国家的可可豆
公告于 2026 年 10 月 15 日发布，2026 年 12 月 15 日起施行。在这两个日期之间，文本是公开的，但尚未生效——对本月正在起草采购合同的人来说，这个区别很重要，因为它决定了货物在途时究竟适用哪一套规则。把尚未生效的公告当作已经可以操作，是这一阶段最容易出现的误判。
适用范围划得很紧：在出口国境内种植和加工、未经烘焙的可可籽粒，去除果肉和果荚，经发酵、干燥、筛选等工艺制成。”未经烘焙”是关键限定；可可膏、可可脂、可可粉不在其内，仍按原有规定管理。
生产加工企业须经出口国官方审核，再由海关总署批准注册，注册名单在贸易开始前提供并在审核后公布，且会在海关网站上持续更新。这项核对应当在第一份合同之前完成，而不是等到货物到港——来自未注册工厂的货物没有合规通道，事后补办也难以追认。
公告列明六种关注有害生物：花生豆象、可可花瘿病菌、可可黑荚病菌、黑根腐病菌、木层孔褐根腐病菌、橡胶白根病菌。名单之外的有害生物并非不受关注，而是这六种被单独列出，作为田间监测与出口前检验的重点对象。
装运前要求分为四个层次。种植环节：实施良好农业操作规范与有害生物综合治理，监测防治记录至少保留两年，不得使用中方禁用的农药。加工环节：可溯源至种植基地，人工挑拣筛选，清洁除杂。包装环节：木质包装须符合 ISPM 15，箱体以中英文标注产品名称、国家、产地、注册号，并注明”输往中华人民共和国”，集装箱须加封识。检验环节：贸易开始前两年按不低于 2% 的比例抽样，两年内无植物检疫问题可降至不低于 1%；植物检疫证书须附指定英文表述的附加声明。四个层次是递进的：任何一层缺证据，后面的检验都无法替代前面的记录。
不合格处置是分级的。来自未注册企业、无有效植物检疫证书、不符合食品安全标准的，作退回或销毁处理；发现检疫性有害生物活体、植物残体或土壤的，可作退回、销毁或检疫除害处理；海关总署可暂停相关企业的进口，并根据整改结果决定是否取消其注册资格。
适用范围与贸易背景
圣多美和普林西比的可可豆仍按 2024 年第 120 号公告执行，不适用第 147 号。标题中的”非洲建交国家”描述的是这份公告的框架，并不意味着把非洲大陆的每一个产地一次纳入。核对产地时，应当以公告正文和随附名单为准，而不是从标题推断。
10 月 14 日，海关总署发布前三季度数据：货物贸易进出口 39.94 万亿元，同比增长 18.8%；出口 23.2 万亿元，增长 16.4%；进口 16.74 万亿元，增长 22.3%；9 月当月进出口 5.16 万亿元，增长 27.5%；自零关税国家进口 8675.3 亿元，增长 15.3%（http://www.customs.gov.cn/）。
对外资企业的实务含义
先看时间表，再签合同。 西瓜准入已经生效；可可豆准入要到 2026 年 12 月 15 日才生效。现在签订、11 月发运的合同，应当明确写出这一时间差的风险由哪一方承担，例如约定以准入生效为交货前提，或对退运费用作出安排。
两边都要核对注册。 西瓜看种植地块与包装厂，可可豆看加工厂。交易对方不在名单内，单证做得再好也无法补救，这一点在两种产品上完全一致。
证据要与产品形态匹配。 鲜果靠田间证明，加工类靠工厂证明，两者不能互换模板。同一份质量管理文件，放在两个项目里能起的作用并不相同。
把包装与证书当作查验点。 ISPM 15 木质包装、中英文箱体标注、集装箱封识、附加声明，在工厂做对成本很低，在口岸返工代价很高，且往往无法当场补救。
不要把公告读成贸易政策。 两份文本里没有税目，也没有配额，价格与数量仍属另一场谈判。它们同样不替代进口商注册、标签和产品标准等写在其他文件里的义务。
对于已经在做其他产地同类产品的进口商，这两份公告更像是一次名单复核，而不是一门新生意：原有合同里的检疫条款、包装条款和单证清单，需要按新公告逐条对照一遍。核对的重点不是”能不能进”，而是”这一票的证据链是否完整”。
相关阅读
第一次操作一票货物的进口商，通常还需要同时了解三件相邻的事：境外食品生产企业如何在首票货物发运前完成注册；非疫产区到底证明什么；以及木质包装与标识规则在入境环节如何被查验。这三件事都不在这两份公告的正文里，却直接决定一票货物能否顺利放行。
来源
- 海关总署 2026 年第 147 号公告（非洲建交国家可可豆植物检疫要求），2026 年 10 月 15 日发布，2026 年 12 月 15 日起施行：http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/2026-10/15/article_2026101516150313134.html
- 海关总署 2026 年第 145 号公告（乌兹别克斯坦鲜食西瓜植物检疫要求），全文由安徽省商务厅转载：https://commerce.ah.gov.cn/ggfw/gpmyyWTOsw/jqgz/123524731.html
- 海关总署公告栏目，用于查询准入公告的最新动态、具体名单与注册企业信息：http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/index.html
- 海关总署门户网站及新闻发布，含 2026 年 10 月 14 日发布的前三季度外贸进出口数据：http://www.customs.gov.cn/