Serious Dishonesty Lists in Financial Regulation: The Rules Effective 1 October 2026 and What They Mean for Foreign Banks

2026-10-05 Financial License / 金融牌照, Policy Updates / 政策动态, Tax Compliance / 税务合规

• The Provisions of the National Financial Regulatory Administration on the Administration of Lists of Seriously Dishonest Entities (Trial) (NFRA Order No. 3 of 2026, issued on 3 July 2026) took effect on 1 October 2026.
  《国家金融监督管理总局关于严重失信主体名单管理的规定（试行）》（国家金融监督管理总局令2026年第3号，2026年7月3日发布）自2026年10月1日起施行。

• A party that violates laws and regulations and receives one of three specified administrative penalties from the NFRA or its local offices is to be listed: a legal entity’s business licence or operating permit being revoked, a lifetime qualification being cancelled or rescinded, or a lifetime ban on working in banking or entering the insurance industry.
  当事人违反法律法规，受到国家金融监督管理总局或其派出机构下列行政处罚之一的，应当列入严重失信主体名单：法人机构被吊销经营许可证或者业务许可证；取消或者撤销终身任职资格；终身禁止从事银行业工作或者终身禁止进入保险业。

• On the same date, the SAFE Notice on Further Improving the Foreign Exchange Administration of Domestic Foreign Exchange Loans took effect: domestic foreign exchange loans are subject to dedicated account management.
  同日，国家外汇管理局《关于进一步完善国内外汇贷款外汇管理有关事项的通知》施行：国内外汇贷款实行专用账户管理。

• Under that Notice, qualifying domestic foreign exchange loans with a goods or services export background may be credited directly to a current-account foreign exchange settlement account, and settlement and purchase management is simplified with the relevant administrative licensing cancelled.
  该通知明确，对符合条件且具有货物或服务贸易出口背景的国内外汇贷款，可直接划入经常项目外汇结算账户，并简化结、购汇管理，取消相关行政许可。

• For foreign banks and foreign-controlled financial institutions, the listing rules attach consequences at both institution and individual level, so governance, licensing and personnel fitness records become compliance evidence.
  对外资银行与外资控股金融机构而言，名单规则在机构与个人两个层面产生后果，公司治理、牌照与人员适任记录因此成为合规证据。

• A separate measure effective the same day, the Public Security Organs’ Measures for the Supervision and Inspection of Cyberspace Security, has 23 articles and covers network operators, data processors and personal information processors, and calls for joint inspections that reduce the burden on enterprises.
  同日施行的另一项规章《公安机关网络空间安全监督检查办法》共23条，监督检查对象包括网络运营者、数据处理者、个人信息处理者等，并要求联合检查以减轻企业负担。

Serious Dishonesty Lists in Financial Regulation: The Rules Effective 1 October 2026 and What They Mean for Foreign Banks | 金融监管领域严重失信主体名单管理：2026年10月1日施行的规定对外资银行的意义

Overview

On 1 October 2026, two instruments with direct relevance to financial institutions in China took effect on the same day. The first is the Provisions of the National Financial Regulatory Administration on the Administration of Lists of Seriously Dishonest Entities (Trial), issued as NFRA Order No. 3 of 2026 on 3 July 2026. The second is the State Administration of Foreign Exchange Notice on Further Improving the Foreign Exchange Administration of Domestic Foreign Exchange Loans.

For foreign banks, foreign-controlled financial institutions and their group treasury functions, the pairing is practical rather than coincidental. One instrument defines the conduct that leads to a place on a serious dishonesty list and the consequences that follow. The other reshapes how domestic foreign exchange loans are held and settled through accounts. Together they bear on licensing, governance and day-to-day account operations.

This article sets out the official content of both instruments, the listing triggers, the account rules, and the points foreign institutions may wish to examine. It stays within the official record and does not speculate about enforcement practice.

The serious dishonesty list rules

The Provisions are issued by the National Financial Regulatory Administration as Order No. 3 of 2026 and took effect on 1 October 2026.

The listing triggers are defined by reference to specified administrative penalties. Where a party violates laws and regulations and receives one of the following administrative penalties from the NFRA or its local offices, it is to be placed on the list of seriously dishonest entities:

• a legal entity’s business licence or operating permit is revoked;
• a lifetime qualification is cancelled or rescinded; or
• a lifetime ban is imposed on working in the banking sector or on entering the insurance industry.

The design is deliberate. Each trigger corresponds to a sanction of the greatest severity, so that listing follows from conduct already determined through a formal administrative penalty rather than from a separate discretionary assessment. That structure matters for how institutions keep records: the evidence that would be relevant to a listing decision is the same evidence generated by licensing, qualification and disciplinary processes.

The consequences operate at two levels. At the institution level, revocation of a licence or permit concerns the entity’s ability to carry on regulated business. At the individual level, the cancellation or rescission of a lifetime qualification, and the lifetime bans on banking work or insurance entry, attach to named persons. For a foreign-controlled institution, both levels feed into group-wide fitness and propriety assessments.

The domestic foreign exchange loan rules

The State Administration of Foreign Exchange Notice on Further Improving the Foreign Exchange Administration of Domestic Foreign Exchange Loans also took effect on 1 October 2026. It changes how domestic foreign exchange loans are administered in three respects.

First, domestic foreign exchange loans are subject to dedicated account management. The dedicated account becomes the operational locus for the loan.

Second, for qualifying domestic foreign exchange loans that have a goods or services export background, funds may be credited directly to a current-account foreign exchange settlement account. This route recognises the trade background of the borrowing and allows funds to move through the account that the trade flow already uses.

Third, settlement and purchase management is simplified, and the relevant administrative licensing is cancelled. The direction is consistent with the broader shift toward bank-handled foreign exchange business under principles of due diligence, with the administrative approval step removed where the trade background is present and conditions are met.

For a foreign bank acting as a lender, an account bank or both, the practical work is in classification and documentation: confirming which loans carry the required export background, confirming the conditions are met, and ensuring the dedicated account structure is reflected in the bank’s own procedures.

Practical implications for foreign banks and foreign-controlled institutions

Licensing and supervisory records. Because listing follows from specified penalties, the accuracy and completeness of licensing records, qualification files and disciplinary documentation become the front line. A clean and well-maintained record is the practical safeguard.

Personnel fitness and propriety. The individual-level triggers — lifetime qualification and lifetime bans — mean that senior management and key function records should be current, and that group appointments in China should be checked against qualification status.

Account operations. The dedicated account requirement and the direct-credit route for qualifying export-backed loans change operational flows. Treasury and transaction-banking teams should confirm that account structures, internal controls and reporting reflect the new rules.

Documenting trade background. The direct-credit route depends on a goods or services export background. Institutions that rely on it should be able to evidence that background, since it is the condition that opens the route.

Coordination across the group. For a foreign-controlled institution, a listing trigger at any entity or individual level has consequences beyond the entity concerned. Group compliance, legal and human resources functions should share a common view of how records are kept.

Related measures effective the same day

Two further measures took effect on 1 October 2026 and may be relevant to financial institutions with digital operations or consumer-facing lending.

The Public Security Organs’ Measures for the Supervision and Inspection of Cyberspace Security comprises 23 articles. It identifies the objects of supervision and inspection as including network operators, data processors and personal information processors. It sets out inspection methods such as online patrol, offline verification, routine inspection and special inspection. It requires that, under the coordination mechanisms for national cyber security and data security, departments strengthen co-ordination and conduct joint inspections so as to reduce the burden on enterprises. It also provides that public security organs may, based on inspection findings, require rectification, send public security advisory letters and impose penalties.

Separately, the Ministry of Finance, the People’s Bank of China and the NFRA jointly issued a notice implementing an interest subsidy policy for residential home purchase loans from 1 October 2026, with an implementation period provisionally set at one year. It is described as the first time central government finance has provided interest subsidies for commercial individual housing loans. For institutions active in mortgage lending, this is a market-development measure rather than a supervisory one, but it will affect product and channel planning over the coming year.

Practical steps

1. Review licensing, qualification and disciplinary records for accuracy, since these are the records that correspond to the listing triggers.
2. Confirm that domestic foreign exchange loan procedures reflect dedicated account management and the direct-credit route for qualifying export-backed loans.
3. Check that trade-background documentation can be produced on demand for loans relying on the direct-credit route.
4. Align group compliance, legal and human resources records so that institution-level and individual-level status can be verified consistently.
5. Where digital operations are material, review arrangements against the cyberspace security inspection measures, including data and personal information handling.

Sources

• 上海证券报（10月新规清单）: https://www.cnstock.com/commonDetail/797531
• 杭州网（10月起施行新规）: https://news.hangzhou.com.cn/gnxw/content/2026-10/01/content_9326147_2.htm
• 2026年10月食品行业法规及国家标准实施提醒: https://www.zmuni.com/zh-hans/news/2026nian10yueshipinhangyefaguijiguojiabiaozhunshishitixing
• 2026年10月外贸新规: https://dy.163.com/article/L7HF89N205561G2R.html

金融监管领域严重失信主体名单管理：2026年10月1日施行的规定对外资银行的意义

概述

2026年10月1日，两项与在华金融机构直接相关的制度同日施行。第一项是《国家金融监督管理总局关于严重失信主体名单管理的规定（试行）》，以国家金融监督管理总局令2026年第3号于2026年7月3日发布。第二项是国家外汇管理局《关于进一步完善国内外汇贷款外汇管理有关事项的通知》。

对外资银行、外资控股金融机构及其集团资金管理职能而言，两者的组合具有现实意义而非巧合。一项制度界定了导致被列入严重失信主体名单的行为及其后果，另一项重塑了国内外汇贷款的账户持有与结算方式。二者共同作用于牌照、治理与日常账户操作。

本文梳理两项制度的官方内容、列名情形、账户规则，以及外资机构可能关注的要点，并严格限于官方记录，不对执法实践作出推测。

严重失信主体名单规则

该规定由国家金融监督管理总局以2026年第3号令发布，自2026年10月1日起施行。

列名情形以特定行政处罚为界定标准。当事人违反法律法规，受到国家金融监督管理总局或其派出机构下列行政处罚之一的，应当列入严重失信主体名单：

• 法人机构被吊销经营许可证或者业务许可证；
• 取消或者撤销终身任职资格；或者
• 终身禁止从事银行业工作或者终身禁止进入保险业。

这一设计是有意为之。每一项情形都对应最严厉的处罚，因此列名源于已经通过正式行政处罚确定的行为，而非另行作出的裁量判断。这一结构对机构如何留存记录有直接影响：与列名判断相关的证据，与牌照、资格及纪律程序中形成的证据是同一批。

后果在机构与个人两个层面发生。在机构层面，吊销许可证或业务许可证关系到主体能否继续从事受监管业务；在个人层面，取消或撤销终身任职资格、终身禁止从事银行业工作或终身禁止进入保险业，都指向具名个人。对外资控股机构而言，两个层面都会进入集团层面的适任评估。

国内外汇贷款规则

国家外汇管理局《关于进一步完善国内外汇贷款外汇管理有关事项的通知》同样自2026年10月1日起施行。它从三个方面改变了国内外汇贷款的管理方式。

第一，国内外汇贷款实行专用账户管理。专用账户成为该笔贷款的操作载体。

第二，对符合条件且具有货物或服务贸易出口背景的国内外汇贷款，资金可直接划入经常项目外汇结算账户。这一路径认可借款的贸易背景，使资金经由贸易流本身已经在使用的账户流转。

第三，简化结、购汇管理，取消相关行政许可。方向与更广泛的趋势一致，即在外汇业务中转向由银行按展业原则办理，在具备贸易背景且满足条件的情形下取消行政审批环节。

对外资银行而言，无论是作为贷款行、账户行还是两者兼具，实务工作都在于分类与留证：确认哪些贷款具备所需的出口背景、确认条件已经满足，并确保专用账户结构体现在银行自身的流程之中。

对外资银行与外资控股机构的实务影响

牌照与监管记录。 由于列名源于特定处罚，牌照记录、资格档案与纪律文件的准确与完整构成第一道防线。清晰且维护良好的记录是最实际的保障。

人员适任。 个人层面的情形——终身任职资格与终身禁业——意味着高级管理层与关键岗位的记录应保持最新，在华集团任命也应比照资格状态进行核对。

账户操作。 专用账户要求与符合条件的出口背景贷款直接划入路径改变了操作流程。资金管理与交易银行团队宜确认账户结构、内部控制与报送安排已体现新规。

贸易背景留证。 直接划入路径以货物或服务贸易出口背景为前提。依赖该路径的机构应能够证明该背景，因为它是打开路径的条件。

集团层面协同。 对外资控股机构而言，任一主体或个人层面的列名情形，其后果都会超出该主体本身。集团合规、法务与人力资源职能宜就记录留存方式形成一致口径。

同日施行的相关措施

2026年10月1日另有两项措施施行，可能与拥有数字业务或个人消费信贷业务的金融机构相关。

《公安机关网络空间安全监督检查办法》共23条。它明确监督检查对象包括网络运营者、数据处理者、个人信息处理者等；明确监督检查方式，包括线上巡查、线下核查、日常检查、专项检查；要求在国家网络安全、数据安全等机制统筹协调下加强部门协调、联合检查，以减轻企业负担；并明确公安机关按检查情况采取督促整改、发送公安提示函以及处罚等措施。

此外，财政部、中国人民银行、金融监管总局联合发布通知，自2026年10月1日起实施居民购房贷款贴息政策，政策实施期暂定一年。该政策被表述为中央财政首次对商业性个人住房贷款进行贴息。对开展住房抵押贷款业务的机构而言，这是一项市场发展类措施而非监管类措施，但会在未来一年影响产品与渠道规划。

实务步骤

1. 复核牌照、资格与纪律记录是否准确，因为这些记录与列名情形相对应。
2. 确认国内外汇贷款流程已体现专用账户管理，以及对符合条件的出口背景贷款的直接划入路径。
3. 对依赖直接划入路径的贷款，核对贸易背景证明材料能否随时提供。
4. 统一集团合规、法务与人力资源记录，使机构层面与个人层面的状态能够一致核验。
5. 数字业务占比较高的机构，宜比照网络空间安全监督检查办法复核相关安排，包括数据与个人信息处理。

来源

• 上海证券报（10月新规清单）：https://www.cnstock.com/commonDetail/797531
• 杭州网（10月起施行新规）：https://news.hangzhou.com.cn/gnxw/content/2026-10/01/content_9326147_2.htm
• 2026年10月食品行业法规及国家标准实施提醒：https://www.zmuni.com/zh-hans/news/2026nian10yueshipinhangyefaguijiguojiabiaozhunshishitixing
• 2026年10月外贸新规：https://dy.163.com/article/L7HF89N205561G2R.html