Export controls and the unreliable-entity list: a screening guide for foreign buyers in China
- The Regulation of the People’s Republic of China on Export Control of Dual-Use Items has applied since 1 December 2024 and provides the framework for licensing, declaration and compliance in this area.
《中华人民共和国两用物项出口管制条例》自2024年12月1日起施行，为这一领域的许可、申报与合规提供了制度框架。
- GACC Announcement No. 77 of 2026 unifies declaration standards across general trade, express and cross-border e-commerce channels, with no exception or exemption.
海关总署2026年第77号公告统一了一般贸易、快件、跨境电商等全渠道申报标准，无例外豁免。
- Licences for controlled items are applied for through MOFCOM’s unified business system, with technical descriptions and end-user certificates submitted and a review period of 45 working days; the customs declaration remarks column must state that the goods are export-controlled items and give the control code.
出口管制物项许可证通过商务部业务系统统一平台申请，须提交技术说明、最终用户证明等材料，审查期限为45个工作日；报关单备注栏须标注”属于出口管制物项”并填写管制编码。
- On 29 June 2026 MOFCOM listed 20 Japanese entities in the export-control control list, prohibiting export operators from exporting dual-use items to them and prohibiting foreign organisations and individuals from transferring or providing China-origin dual-use items to them.
2026年6月29日，商务部将20家日本实体列入出口管制管控名单，禁止出口经营者向上述实体出口两用物项，禁止境外组织和个人将原产于中华人民共和国的两用物项转移或提供给上述实体。
- Unreliable Entity List announcement No. 10 of 2025 listed foreign entities including an anti-drone technology company and TechInsights and its branches, with measures covering China-related import-export activity, new investment in China, and transactions or cooperation by organisations and individuals in China.
不可靠实体清单工作机制公告2025年第10号将反无人机技术公司、TechInsights公司及其分支机构等外国实体列入不可靠实体清单，措施涉及与中国有关的进出口活动、在华新增投资，以及中国境内组织和个人与其进行的交易与合作。
- On 24 April 2026 seven EU entities were listed; the MOFCOM spokesperson stated that the action targets only a small number of EU military-related entities, that the measures concern only dual-use items and do not affect normal China-EU trade, and that law-abiding EU entities have nothing to worry about.
2026年4月24日发布将7家欧盟实体列名；商务部新闻发言人表示，列名行为仅针对少数欧盟涉军实体，相关措施仅针对两用物项，不影响中欧正常经贸往来，诚信守法的欧盟实体完全无需担心。
- For buyers in China, screening should run on four dimensions — the control list, end-use, technical parameters and the customer’s ultimate use — with machine-tool control codes such as 2B201 as a worked example.
对中国境内的采购方而言，筛查应从四个维度展开——对照管制清单、分析用途属性、审查技术参数、确认客户及最终用途——并以2B201类数控机床等管制编码为实操示例。
Export controls and the unreliable-entity list: a screening guide for foreign buyers in China | 出口管制与不可靠实体清单动态：在华采购方的合规筛查要点
Overview
China’s export-control regime rests on a defined legal framework and a set of official listing and declaration procedures. For foreign-invested enterprises that buy, resell or re-export controlled goods in China, the practical task is not to interpret policy intent but to run a reliable screening and licensing process. This guide sets out the framework, the declaration and licensing mechanics, the recent listing actions announced by the Ministry of Commerce, and a four-dimension screening method that procurement and compliance teams can apply.
The tone throughout is deliberately procedural: the measures are described as they are published — by reference to the applicable laws and regulations, and to the stated purpose of safeguarding national security and interests and fulfilling non-proliferation and other international obligations.
The legal framework
The cornerstone is the Regulation of the People’s Republic of China on Export Control of Dual-Use Items, which has applied since 1 December 2024. It sits alongside the Export Control Law and the rules governing the Unreliable Entity List. Together they define which items are controlled, how exports are licensed, and what obligations attach to entities that are listed.
At the border, GACC Announcement No. 77 of 2026 unifies declaration standards across general trade, express and cross-border e-commerce channels, with no exception or exemption. In other words, the channel a shipment travels through does not change the declaration obligation: the same control requirements apply to a conventional container, an express parcel and a cross-border e-commerce consignment.
Declaration and licensing mechanics
For controlled items, a licence is obtained through MOFCOM’s unified business system platform. The applicant submits supporting materials including a technical description and an end-user certificate, and the review period is 45 working days. Once a licence is in hand, the declaration stage carries its own requirement: the remarks column of the customs declaration must state that the goods are export-controlled items and give the applicable control code. Getting the code right is what allows the declaration to be processed as a controlled shipment rather than as ordinary cargo.
For procurement and logistics teams, the sequence is therefore: screen the item and the counterparty, apply for the licence in good time, and make sure the customs broker carries the control marking and code into the declaration. The 45-working-day review period is the planning constraint that most often catches companies out when they treat a controlled item like a routine purchase.
Recent listing actions
Several listing actions published by MOFCOM in 2026 and late 2025 are relevant to supply-chain screening.
Export-control control list — 20 Japanese entities (29 June 2026). MOFCOM listed 20 Japanese entities assessed as participating in enhancing Japan’s military strength. The measures prohibit export operators from exporting dual-use items to those entities, and prohibit foreign organisations and individuals from transferring or providing dual-use items originating in the People’s Republic of China to them. Related activities already under way are to be stopped immediately; where an export is genuinely necessary in special circumstances, the export operator is to apply to MOFCOM. The announcement took effect on the date of publication.
Unreliable Entity List — announcement No. 10 of 2025. This listed foreign entities including an anti-drone technology company and TechInsights and its branches. The measures prohibit those entities from engaging in China-related import-export activities, prohibit them from making new investment in China, and prohibit organisations and individuals in China from conducting related transactions or cooperation with them — in particular transmitting data or providing sensitive information to them.
Export-control control list — seven EU entities (24 April 2026). In its published question-and-answer, the MOFCOM spokesperson stated that the action under law targets only a small number of EU military-related entities, and that the measures concern only dual-use items, do not affect normal China-EU trade, and that law-abiding EU entities have nothing to worry about. Before the measures were announced, China had notified the European side through the bilateral export-control dialogue mechanism.
The screening method in practice
A workable screening process runs on four dimensions:
- Check the control list. Compare the item against the *Catalogue of Dual-Use Items and Technologies Subject to Import and Export Licence Administration*, verifying the model and performance parameters rather than relying on a generic product name.
- Analyse the end-use attribute. Assess whether the item could be used in military or weapons-of-mass-destruction-related fields.
- Review technical parameters. Precision, speed and power are the usual triggers — for example, high-precision five-axis machining centres.
- Confirm the customer and the ultimate use. Establish who the end user is and what the goods will actually be used for.
Machine tools offer a concrete illustration. Control code 2B201 covers numerically controlled machine tools including lathes, milling machines, grinding machines, multi-axis machining centres and roll-forming machine tools. Indicative parameters include: a lathe with a machining diameter greater than 35 mm and a positioning accuracy of less than 6 μm; a milling machine with positioning accuracy of less than 6 μm, or two or more contouring rotary axes, or five or more simultaneous axes; and a grinding machine with positioning accuracy of less than 4 μm. These thresholds are why screening by product category alone is unreliable — the same broad category can be controlled or uncontrolled depending on its specifications.
What this means for foreign-invested buyers
- Screen before you commit. Run the four-dimension check at the sourcing and contracting stage, not at the declaration desk, so that a control finding does not derail a shipment already in motion.
- Budget for the licence timeline. The 45-working-day review is a planning assumption, not a formality; build it into procurement lead times for controlled items.
- Mind the counterparty. Listing measures can prohibit transactions and cooperation, not merely the physical export of goods; check counterparties against the relevant lists before onboarding.
- Keep the reassurance in view. The official position is that measures of this kind target specific dual-use items and specific listed entities, and do not affect normal commercial dealings; the published Q&A on the EU listing states plainly that law-abiding entities have nothing to worry about.
- Document everything. Technical descriptions, end-user certificates and the correct control code on the declaration are the evidence base that makes a compliant shipment defensible.
Sources
- 大众网 — 商务部将20家日本实体列入出口管制管控名单: http://gzylhyzx.com/detail.html?newsId=47025174
- 大众网 — 商务部新闻发言人就将7家欧盟实体列入出口管制管控名单答记者问: http://news.gzylhyzx.com/detail.html?newsId=36742242
- 商务部网站 — 不可靠实体清单工作机制公告2025年第10号: http://gzylhyzx.com/detail.html?newsId=10020276&qid=W7&cpid=T17
- 两用物项出口管制与机床判定参数实务梳理: https://www.sohu.com/a/1082097684_122148066
- 商务部 — 政策发布栏目: https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zcfb/
出口管制与不可靠实体清单动态：在华采购方的合规筛查要点
概述
中国的出口管制制度建立在明确的法律框架与一套官方的列名、申报程序之上。对在中国境内采购、转售或再出口受管制货物的外资企业而言，实务任务并非解读政策意图，而是运行一套可靠的筛查与许可流程。本文梳理制度框架、申报与许可操作机制、商务部近期公布的列名措施，以及采购与合规团队可以直接套用的四维度筛查方法。
全文基调刻意保持程序化：各项措施均按其公布时的表述呈现——依据相关法律法规有关规定，并出于维护国家安全和利益、履行防扩散等国际义务的既定目的。
法律框架
制度基石是《中华人民共和国两用物项出口管制条例》，自2024年12月1日起施行。它与《出口管制法》以及不可靠实体清单相关规定共同构成体系，界定了哪些物项受管制、出口如何取得许可，以及被列名实体承担何种义务。
在口岸环节，海关总署2026年第77号公告统一了一般贸易、快件、跨境电商等全渠道申报标准，无例外豁免。换言之，货物走哪条通道并不改变申报义务：同一套管制要求，既适用于常规集装箱，也适用于快件包裹与跨境电商件。
申报与许可操作机制
对受管制物项，许可证通过商务部业务系统统一平台申请。申请人须提交包括技术说明和最终用户证明在内的材料，审查期限为45个工作日。取得许可证后，申报环节另有要求：报关单备注栏须标注”属于出口管制物项”并填写适用的管制编码。编码填对，申报才能作为受管制货物而非普通货物被处理。
对采购与物流团队而言，顺序因此是：筛查物项与交易对手，及时申请许可证，并确保报关代理把管制标注与编码带入申报。当企业把受管制物项当作常规采购处理时，45个工作日的审查期往往是最容易被打乱的计划约束。
近期列名措施
商务部在2026年及2025年末公布的多项列名措施，与供应链筛查相关。
出口管制管控名单——20家日本实体（2026年6月29日）。 商务部将参与提升日本军事实力的20家日本实体列入出口管制管控名单。措施包括禁止出口经营者向上述实体出口两用物项，禁止境外组织和个人将原产于中华人民共和国的两用物项转移或提供给上述实体。正在开展的相关活动应当立即停止；特殊情况下确需出口的，出口经营者应当向商务部提出申请。本公告自公布之日起正式实施。
不可靠实体清单——2025年第10号公告。 该公告将反无人机技术公司、TechInsights公司及其分支机构等外国实体列入不可靠实体清单。措施包括禁止上述实体从事与中国有关的进出口活动，禁止上述实体在中国境内新增投资，以及禁止中国境内的组织、个人与上述实体进行有关交易、合作等活动——特别是向上述实体传输数据、提供敏感信息。
出口管制管控名单——7家欧盟实体（2026年4月24日）。 在公布的答记者问中，商务部新闻发言人表示，依法列名行为仅针对少数欧盟涉军实体，相关措施仅针对两用物项，不影响中欧正常经贸往来，诚信守法的欧盟实体完全无需担心。措施公布前，中方已通过双边出口管制对话机制向欧方通报有关情况。
实操中的筛查方法
一套可落地的筛查流程从四个维度展开：
- 对照管制清单。 将物项与《两用物项和技术进出口许可证管理目录》比对，核查型号与性能参数，而不是依赖笼统的产品名称。
- 分析用途属性。 评估该物项是否可能用于军事或大规模杀伤性武器相关领域。
- 审查技术参数。 精度、速度、功率通常是触发点——例如高精度五轴联动加工中心。
- 确认客户及最终用途。 弄清最终用户是谁、货物实际用于何处。
机床是一个具体例证。管制编码2B201涵盖数控机床，包括车床、铣床、磨床、多轴加工中心、滚压成形机床等。判定参数示例包括：车床加工直径大于35毫米且定位精度小于6微米；铣床定位精度小于6微米，或具有2个以上成形旋转轴，或5轴及以上联动；磨床定位精度小于4微米。这些阈值正是”仅按产品大类筛查”不可靠的原因——同一大类，规格不同，受管制与否也不同。
对在华外资采购方的含义
- 先筛查、后承诺。 在寻源与签约阶段就完成四维度核查，而不是等到报关台前，以免管制结论打乱已在途的货物。
- 为许可时限留出预算。 45个工作日审查期是计划假设，不是形式；受管制物项的采购提前期应把它计入。
- 关注交易对手。 列名措施可能禁止交易与合作，而不只是禁止货物的物理出口；在准入新交易对手前，应对照相关名单核查。
- 把握免责口径。 官方立场是：此类措施针对特定两用物项与特定列名实体，不影响正常商业往来；关于欧盟列名的公开答记者问明确表示，诚信守法实体完全无需担心。
- 做好留档。 技术说明、最终用户证明，以及报关单上正确的管制编码，是让一票合规货物站得住脚的证据基础。
来源
- 大众网 — 商务部将20家日本实体列入出口管制管控名单: http://gzylhyzx.com/detail.html?newsId=47025174
- 大众网 — 商务部新闻发言人就将7家欧盟实体列入出口管制管控名单答记者问: http://news.gzylhyzx.com/detail.html?newsId=36742242
- 商务部网站 — 不可靠实体清单工作机制公告2025年第10号: http://gzylhyzx.com/detail.html?newsId=10020276&qid=W7&cpid=T17
- 两用物项出口管制与机床判定参数实务梳理: https://www.sohu.com/a/1082097684_122148066
- 商务部 — 政策发布栏目: https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zcfb/