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Registered Capital / 注册资本, Setup Process / 设立流程

Registered Capital for Foreign-Invested Enterprises in China: Contribution Deadlines and 2026 Filing Rules

  • Under the Company Law effective 1 July 2024, limited-liability shareholders must pay up subscribed capital within five years of incorporation, and pre-2024 companies whose remaining subscription term exceeds five years from 1 July 2027 must compress it to within five years by 30 June 2027 — the single most urgent compliance deadline for foreign-invested enterprises today.
    2024 年 7 月 1 日施行的《公司法》要求有限责任公司股东自成立之日起五年内缴足认缴出资；2024 年 6 月 30 日前设立、剩余认缴期限自 2027 年 7 月 1 日起超过五年的存量公司，须在 2027 年 6 月 30 日前压缩至五年以内——这是当前外资企业最紧迫的合规截止日。
  • The 2026 versions of SAMR’s registration document and submission-material standards (effective 1 May 2026) add the capture of shareholders’ contribution-term information and new filing materials for capital changes caused by shareholder forfeiture and loss-offsetting capital reduction, giving the new Company Law effect at the registry level.
    市场监管总局 2026 年版登记文书规范与提交材料规范（2026 年 5 月 1 日施行）新增股东出资期限信息采项，并补充股东失权、弥补亏损减资的资本变更登记材料，在登记机关层面落实新《公司法》。
  • For foreign-invested enterprises, capital must be remitted by the overseas shareholder in foreign exchange or cross-border RMB into a capital account; domestic funds may not be used to advance or substitute registered capital, and the contribution method must align with SAFE registration and a verifiable valuation and audit trail.
    外资企业的资本金须由境外股东以现汇或跨境人民币汇入资本金账户，不得以境内资金垫资或充抵注册资本，出资方式须与外汇登记衔接，并留存可核查的评估与审计凭证。
  • Under Enterprise Bankruptcy Law Article 35, once a court accepts a bankruptcy petition, the administrator may demand that shareholders pay subscribed capital in full regardless of the original subscription term, and public recovery notices posted on the national bankruptcy restructuring information platform illustrate this in practice.
    依据《企业破产法》第三十五条，人民法院受理破产申请后，管理人可要求股东不受原认缴期限限制缴纳所认缴出资，全国企业破产重整案件信息网公开的管理人追缴出资公告即为实务例证。
  • Capital reduction for an FIE follows the ordinary route of creditor notice and public announcement plus change registration, while loss-offsetting reductions and forfeiture-driven reductions follow the special materials set out in the 2026 standards.
    外资企业减资按普通路径履行债权人通知与公告并办理变更登记；弥补亏损减资与失权减资则适用 2026 版规范设定的专门材料。
  • Practical agenda: model each entity’s five-year schedule, decide the transition path before mid-2027, align the capital-remittance route and timing with SAFE steps, and avoid the common pitfalls of assuming legacy long terms survive and forgetting the 20-working-day publicity.
    实操议程：逐实体测算五年出资排期，于 2027 年年中前确定过渡路径，将出资汇入路径与时间安排与外汇步骤对齐，并规避”旧长周期仍有效””漏掉 20 个工作日公示”等常见误区。

Registered Capital for Foreign-Invested Enterprises in China: Contribution Deadlines and 2026 Filing Rules | 外商投资企业的注册资本认缴与出资期限管理（2026 年口径）

Overview

The registered-capital regime is the first capital decision a foreign investor makes when incorporating in China. In 2026 it sits at the intersection of three binding instruments: the revised Company Law (effective 1 July 2024), the State Council’s registered-capital regulation, and the market-registry filing standards. The defining feature is the five-year paid-in deadline replacing open-ended subscription; its flashpoint is 30 June 2027, by which pre-July-2024 companies with long residual terms must compress those terms to within five years and record the change. This article explains the deadline, the 2026 filing changes, the foreign-exchange dimension, bankruptcy acceleration and the capital-reduction procedure, then gives a practical checklist.

The five-year rule and the 2027 transition deadline

Under the revised Company Law, a limited-liability company’s registered capital is the total subscribed by all shareholders, and all shareholders must pay their subscribed capital in full within five years from incorporation; a joint-stock company’s promoters must pay the full amount before incorporation.

For companies established before 1 July 2024 — the category that includes most existing foreign-invested enterprises — the State Council regulation gives a transition rule. Where the remaining subscription term exceeds five years from 1 July 2027, the company must adjust the remaining term to within five years and record the change in its articles by 30 June 2027, and shareholders must pay within the adjusted term. Narrow exceptions exist for companies involving national interest or major public interest, and abnormally long or large terms may be required to be adjusted after assessment.

The compliance calendar matters more than the principle. A WFOE incorporated in 2019 with a 30-year schedule under its old articles — routine before 2024 — now faces a forcing function. The calculation is mechanical: if the span from 1 July 2027 to the old maturity exceeds five years, the residual term must be compressed so payment falls due no later than 30 June 2032, and the amended term recorded by 30 June 2027.

Contribution methods and the foreign-invested specifics

The contribution menu is broad — cash, in-kind assets, intellectual property, land-use rights, equity, claims, and, where permitted, data and network virtual-property rights — all subject to valuation. For foreign-invested enterprises three points stand out. Capital must settle into a SAFE capital account via foreign exchange or cross-border RMB; domestic funds may not advance or substitute it, and treating intra-group renminbi as paid-in is the most common error. The subscribed and paid-in figures in the SAMR filing, the credit-information system and the SAFE registration must match — for currency, the bank records the monetary contribution on receipt before the funds become usable; for non-currency, a valuation report and title transfer are needed. The company must keep valuation reports, contribution records and verification or audit evidence; the 2026 standards reinforce this with per-shareholder contribution-term capture and real-name forms.

The 2026 registration document and material standards

The 2026 versions of the registration document and submission-material standards (SAMR document No. 5 of 2026, effective 1 May 2026) translate the new Company Law into registry-level paperwork.

The standards change the incorporation form’s “contribution date” field to “contribution term”, requiring each subscription to state its amount, method and payment-window dates — building the data basis for the demand and forfeiture procedures. They add a shareholder register as a filing material for capital and shareholder changes and contribution-information filings, giving effect to the new Company Law’s recognition of the register as the basis for shareholder rights.

Two new scenarios gain specific materials. For shareholder forfeiture after a written demand and grace period, the company may forfeit the unpaid portion and, within six months, complete a capital-change or transfer registration; the 2026 standards add the documents, including the written forfeiture notice and a resolution by the remaining shareholders with at least two-thirds of the voting rights. For loss-offsetting reduction, the standards add documents with the safeguard that the reduced amount may not exceed the paid-in capital in the credit-information system or shareholder register, and the change-registration date must follow the announcement. Ordinary reductions are simplified: where the announcement is already published via the credit-information system, the announcement material need not be resubmitted and the debt-settlement statement is dropped.

Bankruptcy acceleration of contribution

A distinct trigger operates outside the ordinary schedule. Enterprise Bankruptcy Law Article 35 provides that, after a court accepts a bankruptcy petition, where a shareholder has not fully performed the contribution obligation, the administrator may require payment of the subscribed capital in full, unrestricted by the original term — a statutory acceleration overriding any five-year or legacy schedule. In practice, administrators publish capital-recovery notices on the national enterprise bankruptcy restructuring information platform, demanding that shareholders pay subscribed-but-unpaid capital into the estate. These public notices neutrally show the term is no shield once insolvency begins.

Capital reduction procedure for foreign-invested enterprises

Where an entity reduces capital rather than pays up, the ordinary route needs a balance sheet and property list, a shareholders’ resolution, creditor notice and public announcement (newspaper or the credit-information system), then change registration; the new Company Law generally requires proportionate reduction unless the LLC shareholders otherwise agree or the joint-stock articles otherwise provide. For foreign-invested enterprises, reduction also meets the foreign-exchange side — a reduced capital-account inflow ceiling and any repatriation follow SAFE rules, and the investment-total field is captured in the 2026 form so a reduction pairs with the corresponding investment-total adjustment. Loss-offsetting and forfeiture-driven reductions use the special materials above rather than the ordinary creditor-notice package.

Practical checklist and common pitfalls

  1. Model the five-year schedule per entity. List each FIE, its incorporation date, subscription term and paid-in status; flag entities whose remaining term from 1 July 2027 exceeds five years, and compute the latest permissible payment date (no later than 30 June 2032) and the 30 June 2027 recording deadline.
  2. Decide the transition path early. For each flagged entity choose among adjusting the schedule to five years, completing the injection, or executing a capital reduction; amend the articles and the shareholder agreement before the deadline.
  3. Engineer the capital-remittance route. Confirm the overseas shareholder will remit in foreign exchange or cross-border RMB into the capital account; never use domestic funds to advance or substitute; coordinate the bank’s monetary-contribution recording so the funds become usable.
  4. Align the three ledgers. Keep the SAMR filing, the credit-information publicity and the SAFE registration figures consistent on subscribed and paid-in amounts; trigger the 20-working-day publicity after each contribution.
  5. Prepare for forfeiture and loss-offsetting scenarios. Where a shareholder cannot pay, follow the demand-and-grace procedure and, if forfeiture is triggered, complete the new-format capital-change registration within six months; for loss-making entities, assess a loss-offsetting reduction using the new materials.
  6. Keep the valuation and audit trail. Retain valuation reports and contribution records; for non-currency contributions, complete the title transfer and the foreign-exchange recording of the contribution type.

Common pitfalls: assuming the old open-ended term survives beyond 30 June 2027; treating intra-group renminbi as paid-in capital; letting the SAMR, credit-system and SAFE figures diverge; skipping the 20-working-day publicity; and overlooking that insolvency accelerates the obligation regardless of term.

Sources

  • 阳江市政府《中华人民共和国公司法（2023 修订）》: http://www.yangdong.gov.cn/yjydgaj/gkmlpt/content/0/810/post_810236.html
  • 中国政府网（法律法规／《公司法》）: https://www.gov.cn/
  • 洪山区人民政府《经营主体登记文书规范和提交材料规范（2026 年版）》（国市监注发〔2026〕5 号）: https://www.hongshan.gov.cn/gzfw/ztfw/qykb_85388/zctz_85390/202608/t20260825_2838574.shtml
  • 广西市场监管局《新版登记文书规范、材料规范解读》: http://scjdglj.gxzf.gov.cn/xwdt/qjdt/t27525843.shtml
  • 中国市场监管新闻网《登记管理新规范解读》: http://www.cmrnn.com.cn/content/2026-03/06/content_286402.html
  • 国家外汇管理局《深化跨境投融资外汇管理改革有关事宜》（汇发〔2025〕43 号）答记者问: http://m.safe.gov.cn/safe/2025/0915/26537.html
  • 国家外汇管理局: https://www.safe.gov.cn/
  • 全国企业破产重整案件信息网: https://pccz.court.gov.cn/

外商投资企业的注册资本认缴与出资期限管理（2026 年口径）

概述

注册资本制度是外国投资者在华设立企业时作出的第一项资本决策。2026 年它处于新《公司法》、国务院注册资本登记管理制度规定与市场监管登记申报标准的交汇点。五年实缴期限取代旧有无限期认缴模式；焦点是 2027 年 6 月 30 日——此前设立且剩余认缴期限自 2027 年 7 月 1 日起超五年的公司，须压缩至五年以内并记载于章程。本文说明该截止日、2026 年申报变化、外资外汇维度、破产加速与减资程序，并给出实操清单。

五年认缴规则与 2027 年过渡期

依修订后的《公司法》，有限责任公司的注册资本为全体股东认缴的出资额，全体股东须自公司成立之日起五年内缴足认缴出资；股份有限公司发起人须于成立前全额缴纳认购股份。

对 2024 年 7 月 1 日前设立的公司——含绝大多数既有外资企业——国务院规定给出过渡规则：剩余认缴期限自 2027 年 7 月 1 日起超五年的，须于 2027 年 6 月 30 日前调整至五年以内并记载于章程，股东于调整后期限内缴足。涉及国家利益或重大公共利益者，市场监管部门可批准原期限；期限或出资额明显异常者，可经评估要求调整。

合规日历比原则更重要。2019 年设立、旧章程约定 30 年认缴期的外商独资企业——2024 年前属常规——现面临强制节点。计算机械：自 2027 年 7 月 1 日起算至原到期日，跨度超五年则压缩剩余期限，使缴付最迟不晚于 2032 年 6 月 30 日，且调整须于 2027 年 6 月 30 日前记载。

出资方式与外资特有事项

出资方式菜单宽泛：货币、实物、知识产权、土地使用权、股权、债权，及法律有规定的数据、网络虚拟财产，均须评估作价。外资企业三特殊点：资本来源——认缴外资汇入外汇局资本金账户，由境外股东以现汇或跨境人民币汇入，不得以境内资金垫资充抵，集团误将境内人民币当实缴是常见错误；外汇衔接——市场监管、信用公示与外汇登记的认缴实缴金额须一致，货币出资收讫后办入账登记方可使用，非货币须评估并转移财产权、外汇侧据类型记录；验资留痕——保存评估报告、出资记录及注资凭证，2026 版标准以逐股东出资期限采集与实名确认表强化。

2026 年版登记文书与材料规范

市场监管总局 2026 年版登记文书与提交材料规范（国市监注发〔2026〕5 号，2026 年 5 月 1 日施行）将新《公司法》转译为登记机关文书。规范将设立登记”出资日期”改为”出资期限”，逐笔载明认缴额、方式与缴付起止日期，为催缴与失权建数据基础；将股东名册列为资本与股东变更、出资信息备案材料，落实以名册主张股东权利。两类新场景有专门材料：股东失权——经书面催缴并宽限期后仍不缴付的，可失权未缴部分并于六个月内办减资（或转让）登记，2026 版补充含书面失权通知及失权股权外代表剩余三分之二以上表决权股东决议等材料；弥补亏损减资——新增变更登记材料，设安全边界（减资额不超公示系统或名册实缴额，且变更登记日期晚于公告）。普通减资简化：已公示系统公告者免交公告材料，并不再收债务清偿或担保说明。

破产情形的出资加速到期

另一触发机制在常规排期之外运作。《企业破产法》第三十五条规定，人民法院受理破产申请后，股东尚未完全履行出资义务的，管理人应当要求缴纳所认缴出资，不受出资期限限制——这是凌驾于章程五年或存量长周期的法定加速。实务中，管理人通过全国企业破产重整案件信息网发布追缴出资公告，要求股东将已认缴未实缴资本缴入破产财产。这些公告中性地说明：进入破产程序后，认缴期限不再构成盾牌。

外资企业的减资程序

选择减资而非实缴的，普通路径须编制资产负债表及财产清单、作出股东会决议、通知债权人并公告，再办理变更登记；新《公司法》一般要求同比减资。对外资企业，减资还与外汇侧相交：调减后的资本金账户流入上限及任何资本汇出须遵循外汇局规则；2026 版表单采集投资总额字段，使减资与相应投资总额调整配对。弥补亏损减资与失权减资适用上述专门材料而非普通债权人通知包。

实操清单与常见误区

  1. 逐实体测五年排期：列明每家外资企业设立日、认缴期限与实缴状态，标记剩余期限自 2027 年 7 月 1 日起超五年者，算最迟缴付日（不晚于 2032 年 6 月 30 日）与 2027 年 6 月 30 日记载截止日。
  2. 早定过渡路径：被标记实体择”调至五年、完成注资、执行减资”之一，截止日前修订章程与股东协议。
  3. 设计出资汇入路径：境外股东现汇或跨境人民币汇入资本金账户，禁境内垫资，协调银行入账登记使资金可用。
  4. 对齐三套账：市场监管、信用公示、外汇登记金额一致，每次出资后触发 20 个工作日公示。
  5. 预备失权与补亏：股东无力缴付走催缴加宽限期，触发失权者六个月内核资本变更；亏损实体评估弥补亏损减资。
  6. 留存评估审计凭证：保存评估报告与出资记录，非货币出资办结转移及外汇侧类型记录。

常见误区：旧无限期期限可活过 2027 年 6 月 30 日；境内人民币当实缴；三方金额脱节；漏 20 个工作日公示；忽视破产加速义务。

来源

  • 阳江市政府《中华人民共和国公司法（2023 修订）》：http://www.yangdong.gov.cn/yjydgaj/gkmlpt/content/0/810/post_810236.html
  • 中国政府网（法律法规／《公司法》）：https://www.gov.cn/
  • 洪山区人民政府《经营主体登记文书规范和提交材料规范（2026 年版）》（国市监注发〔2026〕5 号）：https://www.hongshan.gov.cn/gzfw/ztfw/qykb_85388/zctz_85390/202608/t20260825_2838574.shtml
  • 广西市场监管局《新版登记文书规范、材料规范解读》：http://scjdglj.gxzf.gov.cn/xwdt/qjdt/t27525843.shtml
  • 中国市场监管新闻网《登记管理新规范解读》：http://www.cmrnn.com.cn/content/2026-03/06/content_286402.html
  • 国家外汇管理局《深化跨境投融资外汇管理改革有关事宜》（汇发〔2025〕43 号）答记者问：http://m.safe.gov.cn/safe/2025/0915/26537.html
  • 国家外汇管理局：https://www.safe.gov.cn/
  • 全国企业破产重整案件信息网：https://pccz.court.gov.cn/
Supplier Due Diligence / 供应商尽调

Japan-origin dichlorosilane faces 80.8%–99.2% provisional deposits: what MOFCOM’s Announcement No. 37 means for chip-material procurement

  • On 7 September 2026 the Ministry of Commerce issued Announcement No. 37 of 2026, giving a preliminary determination that imports of dichlorosilane (DCS) originating in Japan are dumped and are causing substantial injury to the domestic industry, with dumping margins of 80.8% to 99.2%.
    2026年9月7日，商务部发布2026年第37号公告，初步认定原产于日本的进口二氯二氢硅存在倾销、国内产业受到实质损害且存在因果关系，倾销幅度为80.8%至99.2%。
  • Provisional measures take the form of deposits: from 8 September 2026 importers must post customs deposits at the company-specific rates — Shin-Etsu Chemical 99.2%, Denal Silane 80.8%, and all other Japanese companies 99.2% — calculated on the customs value plus import-stage VAT.
    临时措施采用保证金形式：自2026年9月8日起，进口经营者须按公司税率向海关提供保证金——信越化学工业99.2%、德纳尔硅烷80.8%、其他日本公司99.2%——以海关审定的计税价格乘保证金比率再乘（1+进口环节增值税税率）计算。
  • The product sits inside tariff line 28539090 and is a key semiconductor wet-process material: DCS is used for thin-film deposition (epitaxial, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide and polysilicon films) in logic, memory, analogue and other chip manufacturing.
    被调查产品归在税则号列28539090项下，是芯片制造的关键湿法材料：二氯二氢硅主要用于薄膜沉积工艺（外延膜、碳化硅膜、氮化硅膜、氧化硅膜和多晶硅膜），覆盖逻辑、存储、模拟及其他芯片生产。
  • Customs followed on 7 September with Announcement No. 133, requiring importers of goods under 28539090 to declare DCS under the dedicated commodity code 28539090.61 from 8 September 2026, so the provisional measure can be applied at entry.
    海关总署9月7日同步发布2026年第133号公告：自2026年9月8日起，进口税则号列28539090项下商品时，”二氯二氢硅”应申报商品编号28539090.61，以便临时反倾销措施在进口环节落地执行。
  • Interested parties had 10 days from the announcement to submit written comments; the investigation continues toward a final determination, so the deposit rates are provisional and may change — imports remain lawful, but cash-flow and pricing assumptions have shifted materially.
    利害关系方可在公告发布之日起10天内提交书面评论；调查将继续推进至终裁，保证金比率属于临时措施、可能调整——进口仍然合法，但现金流与定价假设已发生实质变化。
  • For semiconductor and specialty-chemical buyers in China, the immediate work is supplier due diligence: confirm the origin and producer of each DCS supply, re-price landed costs with the deposit factored in, and check contract clauses on pass-through of provisional trade-remedy charges.
    对中国境内的半导体及特种化学品采购方，当务之急是供应商尽调：逐笔确认二氯二氢硅的原产地与生产商、把保证金计入到岸成本重估、并核查合同中临时贸易救济费用的转嫁条款。

Japan-origin dichlorosilane faces 80.8%–99.2% provisional deposits: what MOFCOM’s Announcement No. 37 means for chip-material procurement | 日本产二氯二氢硅面临80.8%–99.2%保证金：商务部37号公告对芯片材料采购的影响

Overview

On 7 September 2026, the Ministry of Commerce (商务部) published Announcement No. 37 of 2026 (商务部公告2026年第37号), the preliminary determination in the anti-dumping investigation on imports of dichlorosilane (DCS, 二氯二氢硅) originating in Japan. The investigation was opened on 7 January 2026 at the application of the domestic industry. The preliminary finding: the Japanese imports are dumped, the domestic DCS industry has suffered substantial injury, and a causal link exists between the two.

Provisional anti-dumping measures took effect the next day. For semiconductor manufacturers, specialty-gas distributors and electronics supply-chain buyers in China, the announcement converts a trade-remedy docket into an immediate procurement-cost and supplier-verification exercise.

The product and why it matters

Dichlorosilane (chemical formula SiH2Cl2) is a colourless, flammable, toxic gas with a distinctive odour, traded at purity above 99%. Its principal use is thin-film deposition in chip manufacturing — epitaxial films, silicon carbide films, silicon nitride films, silicon oxide films and polysilicon films — serving logic, memory, analogue and other chip production. It is also used to synthesise silicon-based precursors and polysilazane.

The investigated product falls under tariff line 28539090; other products under that line are outside the scope. The concentration of DCS in advanced semiconductor process flows is why a materials case of this size draws attention across the electronics supply chain rather than only in chemicals.

The provisional measure: deposits, not duties

Because the case is at the preliminary stage, the measure takes the form of customs deposits (保证金) rather than duties. From 8 September 2026, importers of Japanese-origin DCS must post deposits at the company-specific rates:

ProducerDeposit rate
Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. (信越化学工业株式会社)99.2%
Denal Silane Co., Ltd. (德纳尔硅烷株式会社)80.8%
All other Japanese companies99.2%

The deposit is levied ad valorem on the customs-determined duty-paying value of the imported goods, calculated as:

Deposit = customs value × deposit rate × (1 + import-stage VAT rate)

Deposits are not final duties. The investigation continues; the final determination may confirm, adjust or terminate the measures, and deposit treatment will follow the final outcome under the Anti-dumping Regulations.

The declaration mechanics: Announcement No. 133

On the same day, the General Administration of Customs (海关总署) issued Announcement No. 133 of 2026, aligning the declaration system with the provisional measure. From 8 September 2026, importers or their agents declaring goods under 28539090 must report DCS under the dedicated commodity code 28539090.61. The coding split is what allows the customs system to apply the deposit automatically at entry; mis-declaration risks the goods being treated outside (or inside) the measure incorrectly, with retroactive consequences once the declaration is corrected.

Procedure from here

Interested parties had 10 days from the announcement to submit written comments to the investigating authority. The next procedural milestone is the final determination, which will decide whether definitive anti-dumping duties are imposed, at what rates, and how the deposits are settled. MOFCOM’s spokesperson stressed that China applies trade-remedy measures prudently and with restraint, and that the investigation will protect the procedural rights of all interested parties.

What this means for procurement and supply-chain teams

  • Verify origin and producer line by line. The measure is origin-specific (Japan) and producer-specific (named rates plus a residual rate). Mixed-supplier inventories need clear documentation of which lots are Japanese-origin and which producer supplied them; non-Japanese DCS and non-DCS goods under 28539090 remain outside the measure.
  • Re-price landed cost with the deposit. At a 99.2% deposit rate on customs value plus VAT, the cash locked per shipment roughly doubles the landed-cost exposure during the provisional period. Contract clauses on who bears provisional trade-remedy charges — buyer or seller — should be checked and, where needed, renegotiated.
  • Declare under 28539090.61. Confirm brokers and forwarders are using the new commodity code for DCS from 8 September 2026 onward; declaration errors are the most common friction point in the first weeks of a coding-based measure.
  • Use the comment window if you are an interested party. Importers and downstream users with a stake in the case could submit comments during the 10-day window and monitor the final determination.
  • Stress-test alternative supply. For fabs and gas suppliers, the case is a reminder that single-origin dependence on process materials carries regulatory exposure; qualification of alternative grades or origins takes months and should start before it is urgent.

Sources

  • 中华人民共和国商务部 — 商务部公告2026年第37号 公布对原产于日本的进口二氯二氢硅反倾销调查的初步裁定（2026年9月7日，贸易救济局）: https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2026/art_01c15948864a45d186abb146fe30a42b.html
  • 中华人民共和国海关总署 — 海关总署公告2026年第133号（关于二氯二氢硅商品编号申报要求的公告，2026年9月7日）: http://dzs.customs.gov.cn/customs/2026-09/07/article_2026090722322660947.html
  • 经济日报 — 商务部：初步认定原产于日本的二氯二氢硅存在倾销（2026年9月7日，新华社通稿）: http://bgimg.ce.cn/xwzx/gnsz/gdxw/202609/t20260907_3198977.shtml

Related reading

  • see also: supplier due diligence fundamentals for China procurement (supplier-due-diligence-basics)
  • see also: customs valuation and declaration compliance (customs-valuation-declaration)

日本产二氯二氢硅面临80.8%–99.2%保证金：商务部37号公告对芯片材料采购的影响

概述

2026年9月7日，商务部发布2026年第37号公告，公布对原产于日本的进口二氯二氢硅（DCS）反倾销调查的初步裁定。本案于2026年1月7日应国内产业申请立案。初步结论：日本进口产品存在倾销，国内二氯二氢硅产业受到实质损害，且倾销与实质损害之间存在因果关系。

临时措施于次日生效。对中国境内的半导体制造商、特种气体经销商和电子供应链采购方而言，这份公告把一桩贸易救济案件变成了即时的采购成本与供应商核验课题。

产品及其重要性

二氯二氢硅（化学分子式SiH2Cl2）在常温常压下为无色、易燃、有毒气体，交易纯度大于99%。其主要用途是芯片制造中的薄膜沉积——外延膜、碳化硅膜、氮化硅膜、氧化硅膜和多晶硅膜——覆盖逻辑、存储、模拟及其他芯片生产；同时可用于合成硅基系列前驱体和聚硅氮烷。

被调查产品归在税则号列28539090项下，该号列项下其他产品不在调查范围之内。二氯二氢硅在先进半导体工艺中的集中应用，是本案在电子供应链而非仅化工行业内引发关注的原因。

临时措施：保证金而非关税

由于案件处于初裁阶段，措施采用保证金而非关税形式。自2026年9月8日起，进口原产于日本的二氯二氢硅须按公司税率提供保证金：

生产商保证金比率
信越化学工业株式会社99.2%
德纳尔硅烷株式会社80.8%
其他日本公司99.2%

保证金以海关审定的计税价格从价计征，计算公式为：

保证金金额 = 计税价格 × 保证金征收比率 ×（1 + 进口环节增值税税率）

保证金不是最终关税。调查将继续进行；终裁将决定是否征收确定性反倾销税、税率多少以及保证金如何结算，均按《反倾销条例》处理。

申报操作：133号公告

同日，海关总署发布2026年第133号公告，使申报系统与临时措施对接。自2026年9月8日起，申报28539090项下商品的进口货物收货人或其代理人，申报”二氯二氢硅”时应填报专用商品编号28539090.61。编码拆分让海关系统能够在进口环节自动适用保证金；申报错误是编码型措施实施初期最常见的摩擦点，更正申报后还可能产生追溯问题。

后续程序

利害关系方可在公告发布之日起10天内提交书面评论。下一个程序节点是终裁，将决定是否征收确定性反倾销税、税率以及保证金的处理方式。商务部新闻发言人表示，中方一贯审慎、克制使用贸易救济措施，将继续依法开展调查，充分保障各利害关系方权利。

对采购与供应链团队的启示

  • 逐笔核验原产地与生产商。 措施按原产地（日本）和生产商（点名税率+其他公司税率）适用；混合供应商库存需要清晰单据区分日本原产批次与非日本原产批次，28539090项下非二氯二氢硅商品不在措施范围。
  • 把保证金计入到岸成本。 按99.2%比率乘计税价格再加进口环节增值税，临时措施期间每批货物锁定的现金约为原有到岸成本敞口的一倍；应核查合同中临时贸易救济费用由买方还是卖方承担的条款，必要时重新谈判。
  • 按28539090.61申报。 确认报关行与货代自2026年9月8日起对二氯二氢硅使用新商品编号。
  • 利害关系方用好评论窗口。 与案件有利害关系的进口商和下游用户可在10天窗口内提交评论意见，并跟踪终裁进展。
  • 对替代供应做压力测试。 对晶圆厂和气体供应商而言，本案提醒：工艺材料对单一原产地的依赖存在监管敞口；替代等级或替代原产地的验证需要数月，应提前启动。

来源

  • 中华人民共和国商务部 — 商务部公告2026年第37号（2026年9月7日，贸易救济局）: https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2026/art_01c15948864a45d186abb146fe30a42b.html
  • 中华人民共和国海关总署 — 海关总署公告2026年第133号（二氯二氢硅商品编号申报要求，2026年9月7日）: http://dzs.customs.gov.cn/customs/2026-09/07/article_2026090722322660947.html
  • 经济日报 — 商务部：初步认定原产于日本的二氯二氢硅存在倾销（2026年9月7日）: http://bgimg.ce.cn/xwzx/gnsz/gdxw/202609/t20260907_3198977.shtml

相关阅读

  • 见：中国采购的供应商尽职调查基础（supplier-due-diligence-basics）
  • 见：海关估价与申报合规（customs-valuation-declaration）
Import-Export Clearance / 进出口清关, RCEP Benefits / RCEP红利

China–Cambodia AEO mutual recognition goes live: what GACC Announcement No. 138 means for certified traders

  • The customs AEO mutual-recognition arrangement between China and Cambodia took effect on 15 September 2026, under General Administration of Customs (GACC) Announcement No. 138 of 2026 published on 11 September.
    中国海关与柬埔寨海关”经认证的经营者”（AEO）互认安排自2026年9月15日起正式实施；海关总署2026年9月11日发布2026年第138号公告予以公告。
  • Each side recognises the other’s AEOs: Cambodian customs recognises China’s advanced-certification enterprises (高级认证企业) as mutual-recognition AEOs, and Chinese customs recognises AEOs certified under Cambodia’s AEO programme.
    双方相互认可对方AEO企业：柬埔寨海关认可中国海关高级认证企业为互认AEO企业，中国海关认可经柬埔寨海关AEO制度认证的AEO企业。
  • Import-side facilitation includes lower inspection rates, priority examination for goods requiring physical inspection, designated customs liaison officers for AEO issues, and commitments to rapid clearance after major infrastructure disruptions.
    进口通关便利措施包括：适用较低的进口查验率、对需要实货检查的货物优先查验、指定海关联络员处理AEO企业通关问题、以及在主要基础设施从贸易中断恢复后最大限度提供快速通关。
  • The code mechanics are specific: Chinese advanced-certification exporters must pass their AEO code (AEOCN plus digits 9–17 of the unified social credit code, e.g. AEOCN123456789) to the Cambodian importer; importers buying from Cambodian AEOs must fill “KH + 7-digit code” (e.g. KH2025008) in the consignor code field of the declaration and the AEO field of manifest data.
    编码操作明确：中国高级认证企业对柬出口须将AEO编码（AEOCN+统一社会信用代码第9–17位，如AEOCN123456789）告知柬埔寨进口商；自柬埔寨AEO企业进口时，须在报关单”境外发货人编码”栏和舱单”发货人AEO企业编码”栏填写”KH+7位编码”（如KH2025008）。
  • China now leads the world in AEO networking: mutual-recognition arrangements cover 34 economies and 60 countries (regions), of which 54 have been implemented — the largest number of signed agreements and implemented recognitions globally.
    中国AEO互认”朋友圈”全球第一：已与34个经济体签署互认协议、覆盖60个国家（地区），其中54个国家（地区）已实现互认，签署数量与实施数量均居全球首位。
  • With over 90% of Cambodian goods entering China tariff-free under the China–Cambodia FTA, the new mutual recognition converts a trade-preference relationship into operational customs-facilitation savings for certified traders on both sides.
    在中柬自贸协定下超九成柬埔寨输华商品已实现零关税的背景下，AEO互认把贸易优惠关系进一步转化为双方认证企业的通关便利红利。

China–Cambodia AEO mutual recognition goes live: what GACC Announcement No. 138 means for certified traders | 中柬海关AEO互认正式实施：海关总署138号公告对认证企业的操作要点

Overview

The Arrangement on Mutual Recognition between the China Customs Advanced Certification System and the Cambodia Customs “Authorised Economic Operator” Programme took effect on 15 September 2026. The General Administration of Customs (海关总署) published Announcement No. 138 of 2026 on 11 September to operationalise it, followed by an official interpretation on 14 September.

For companies holding China’s advanced AEO certification (海关高级认证企业) that trade with Cambodia — and for importers sourcing from Cambodian AEOs — the arrangement adds a second, operational layer of facilitation on top of the tariff preferences already available under the China–Cambodia free trade agreement.

What the mutual recognition delivers

Under the arrangement, the two customs administrations recognise each other’s AEOs: Cambodia recognises China’s advanced-certification enterprises as mutual-recognition AEOs, and China recognises enterprises certified under Cambodia’s AEO programme. On import consignments, mutual-recognition AEOs receive:

  • a lower inspection rate;
  • priority examination where physical inspection is required;
  • a designated customs liaison officer responsible for handling AEO enterprises’ clearance problems;
  • a commitment to provide rapid clearance to the greatest extent for goods imported from the partner’s AEOs after major infrastructure recovers from trade disruption.

These are the standard AEO mutual-recognition benefits China now extends across its network; the operational value is in reduced dwell time and fewer surprise inspections on qualifying flows.

The code mechanics: two fields, two formats

The announcement sets out precisely how AEO status travels with the goods:

  • Exporting from China to Cambodia. A Chinese advanced-certification enterprise must inform its Cambodian importer of its AEO code — the prefix AEOCN plus the 9th to 17th digits of the unified social credit code (for example, AEOCN123456789). The Cambodian importer declares the code under Cambodian customs rules; Cambodian customs confirms the Chinese AEO status and applies the facilitation.
  • Importing from Cambodia into China. The Chinese importer must fill the Cambodian AEO code — the country code KH plus a 7-digit enterprise code (for example, KH2025008) — in two places: the “overseas consignor code” field of the import declaration and the “consignor AEO enterprise code” field of water- or air-freight manifest data. Chinese customs confirms the Cambodian AEO status and applies the facilitation.

Getting these fields right is the practical difference between receiving the benefits and moving through the queue as a regular trader; mismatches in the manifest fields are the usual failure point in the early months of a new mutual-recognition arrangement.

Where Cambodia sits in China’s AEO network

China has now signed AEO mutual-recognition arrangements with 34 economies covering 60 countries (regions), of which 54 countries (regions) have implemented the recognition — the largest number of signed arrangements and implemented recognitions in the world, per the GACC and local customs publicity. Cambodia is a major Belt-and-Road partner and ASEAN member; two-way trade has grown steadily, and under the China–Cambodia free trade agreement more than 90% of Cambodian goods entering China enjoy zero tariffs.

The sequence matters for traders: tariff preferences cut the duty bill, and AEO mutual recognition cuts time, uncertainty and inspection-related logistics costs. The two layers stack for enterprises that hold both a preference claim (via the origin system) and advanced certification.

Practical steps for certified traders

  • Confirm your certification status and code. Advanced-certification enterprises should verify the AEO code format (AEOCN + digits 9–17 of the unified social credit code) and brief their Cambodia-facing sales and documentation teams.
  • Update customer and supplier master data. Exporters should pass the AEO code to Cambodian buyers in advance of the first shipment; importers should collect the “KH + 7-digit” codes from Cambodian AEO suppliers and load them into declaration and manifest templates.
  • Brief brokers on the two fields. The consignor code field on the declaration and the AEO field on water/air manifests must both be completed for inbound Cambodian AEO goods.
  • Pair the AEO benefit with origin claims. For Cambodian-origin imports, the zero-tariff treatment under the China–Cambodia FTA (or RCEP, where applicable) operates through preferential origin declarations; AEO status does not replace origin documentation.
  • Use the liaison-officer channel. Certified enterprises facing clearance friction on China–Cambodia flows should raise the case through the designated liaison officer mechanism rather than the general queue.

Sources

  • 中华人民共和国海关总署 — 政务公开·海关总署公告（含2026年第138号《关于实施中国—柬埔寨海关”经认证的经营者”(AEO)互认的公告》，2026年9月11日发布，及9月14日官方解读）: http://gec.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/index.html
  • 中国新闻网 — 海关总署公告2026年第138号全文转载（互认安排9月15日实施、便利措施与编码填写规则）: https://m.chinanews.com/wap/detail/cht/zw/10696247.shtml
  • 德州市人民政府 — 中柬AEO互认正式实施 我市外贸企业又增便利（2026年9月15日，含34经济体/60国家（地区）/54已实施互认数据）: https://dezhou.gov.cn/n42860412/n42860896/c101937367/content.html

Related reading

  • see also: AEO advanced certification for foreign-invested enterprises (aeo-advanced-certification)
  • see also: RCEP preferential origin claims in practice (rcep-certificate-mutual-recognition)

中柬海关AEO互认正式实施：海关总署138号公告对认证企业的操作要点

概述

《中华人民共和国海关总署和柬埔寨海关与消费税总署关于中国海关企业信用管理制度与柬埔寨海关”经认证的经营者”制度互认的安排》自2026年9月15日起正式实施。海关总署于9月11日发布2026年第138号公告予以落地，并于9月14日发布官方解读。

对持有中国海关高级认证、与柬埔寨有贸易往来的企业，以及自柬埔寨AEO企业进口的采购方而言，这份安排在中柬自贸协定关税优惠之上叠加了第二层操作性的通关便利。

互认带来什么

安排下双方海关相互认可对方AEO：柬埔寨海关认可中国高级认证企业为互认AEO企业，中国海关认可经柬埔寨AEO制度认证的企业。进口货物通关时，互认AEO企业可获得：

  • 较低的进口查验率；
  • 需要实货检查的货物优先查验；
  • 指定海关联络员，负责沟通处理AEO企业通关中遇到的问题；
  • 在主要基础设施从贸易中断恢复后，致力于最大限度为进口自对方AEO企业的货物提供快速通关。

这是中国AEO互认网络向全球推广的标准便利组合；其操作价值在于合格流量通关停留时间更短、布控查验带来的物流不确定性更低。

编码操作：两个字段、两种格式

公告明确了AEO身份随货流转的填报规则：

  • 中国对柬出口。 中国高级认证企业须将AEO编码——前缀AEOCN加统一社会信用代码第9至17位主体标识码（如AEOCN123456789）——告知柬埔寨进口商；进口商按柬埔寨海关规定申报，柬埔寨海关确认中国AEO身份后给予便利。
  • 自柬埔寨进口。 中国进口商须在两处填报柬埔寨AEO编码——国别代码KH加7位企业编码（如KH2025008）：报关单“境外发货人”栏目中的”境外发货人编码”栏，以及水、空运货运舱单中的“发货人AEO企业编码”栏。中国海关确认柬埔寨AEO身份后给予便利。

字段填报正确与否，直接决定企业能否拿到便利：新互认安排实施初期，舱单字段不匹配是最常见的失分点。

柬埔寨在中国AEO网络中的位置

截至公告发布，中国已与34个经济体签署AEO互认协议，覆盖60个国家（地区），其中54个国家（地区）已实施互认——签署数量与实施数量均居全球首位。柬埔寨是共建”一带一路”重要国家和东盟成员国；在中柬自贸协定下，超九成柬埔寨输华商品已实现零关税。

对贸易商而言，顺序很清楚：关税优惠降低税负成本，AEO互认降低时间、不确定性与查验相关物流成本；同时持有优惠原产地资格与高级认证的企业，两层红利可以叠加。

认证企业的实操清单

  • 确认认证状态与编码。 高级认证企业应核对AEO编码格式（AEOCN+统一社会信用代码第9–17位），并向对柬销售与单证团队交底。
  • 更新客户与供应商主数据。 出口方应在首票货物发运前把AEO编码告知柬埔寨买方；进口方应向柬埔寨AEO供应商收集”KH+7位”编码，写入报关与舱单模板。
  • 向报关行交底两个字段。 柬埔寨AEO货物进口申报时，报关单”境外发货人编码”栏与水空运舱单AEO栏须同时填报。
  • AEO便利与原产地优惠并行使用。 柬埔寨原产货物进口享受中柬自贸协定（或适用时的RCEP）零关税走的是优惠原产地申报；AEO身份不能替代原产地单证。
  • 用好联络员通道。 认证企业在中柬流向遇到通关摩擦，应通过指定联络员机制反映，而非走普通渠道排队。

来源

  • 中华人民共和国海关总署 — 政务公开·海关总署公告（2026年第138号及9月14日官方解读）: http://gec.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/index.html
  • 中国新闻网 — 海关总署公告2026年第138号全文转载: https://m.chinanews.com/wap/detail/cht/zw/10696247.shtml
  • 德州市人民政府 — 中柬AEO互认正式实施 我市外贸企业又增便利（2026年9月15日）: https://dezhou.gov.cn/n42860412/n42860896/c101937367/content.html

相关阅读

  • 见：外资企业海关高级认证（AEO）实务（aeo-advanced-certification）
  • 见：RCEP优惠原产地申报实操（rcep-certificate-mutual-recognition）
Food & Beverage / 餐饮食品, Import-Export Clearance / 进出口清关

Reefer containers for food exports face a new fitness-inspection regime from 1 October: GACC Announcement No. 136

  • On 8 September 2026 the General Administration of Customs (GACC) issued Announcement No. 136 of 2026 on container fitness inspection for exports of perishable foods and frozen products; the new regime applies to exports from 1 October 2026.
    海关总署2026年9月8日发布2026年第136号公告，规范装运出口易腐烂变质食品、冷冻品的集装箱适载检验工作；新机制自2026年10月1日起适用于相关出口业务。
  • The scope is defined by a dynamic product-code list: the tariff codes of perishable and frozen foods subject to fitness inspection are published on the GACC portal (at the import-export food safety page), and the list is dynamically managed — mixed consignments must be checked code by code.
    适用范围采用动态编码目录管理：须实施集装箱适载检验的易腐烂变质食品、冷冻品编码在海关总署门户网站（进出口食品安全栏目）公布并动态调整——拼柜混装业务必须逐项核对编码。
  • The inspection model shifts from “pre-inspection by enterprises plus sampling by customs” to “enterprise compliance assurance plus customs review and spot checks”: before loading, the carrier, container-stuffing unit or its agent submits an application via the China International Trade Single Window and uploads a Container Fitness Conformity Declaration.
    适载检验模式由”企业预检＋海关抽检”优化为”企业合规保证＋海关审核抽查”：装运前，承运人、装箱单位或其代理人通过中国国际贸易单一窗口出境集装箱适载检验模块提交申请，并上传《出口集装箱适载符合性声明》。
  • Fitness-inspection results are valid for 21 days and expire automatically; at export declaration, customs validates the result electronically, and declarations that fail validation are rejected — meaning a missed or expired inspection stops the shipment at the border paperwork stage.
    适载检验结果21天内有效，逾期自动失效；出口申报时海关对检验结果进行校验核销，校验不通过的报关单依法退单——漏检或过期即意味着货物卡在报关环节。
  • Food producers and exporters carry the primary self-inspection duty: they must self-check containers and use only boxes that are clean, hygienic, refrigerated and sealed-tight (清洁、卫生、制冷、密固) as fitted for the goods.
    食品生产经营者承担自检主体责任：必须对集装箱自检，选用清洁、卫生、制冷、密固合格且与拟装货物相适应的集装箱装运。
  • Applications go to the customs office where the container is stored, not the port of export — a detail that matters for stuffing inland; the change operationalises the Commodity Inspection Law and its implementation regulations for cold-chain exports.
    检验申请提交给集装箱存放地海关而非出口口岸海关——内陆装箱场景尤须注意；本次调整是《进出口商品检验法》及其实施条例在冷链出口环节的落地操作。

Reefer containers for food exports face a new fitness-inspection regime from 1 October: GACC Announcement No. 136 | 出口食品冷冻品集装箱适载检验新规10月1日实施：海关总署136号公告解读

Overview

On 8 September 2026, the General Administration of Customs (海关总署) published Announcement No. 136 of 2026 (海关总署公告2026年第136号) on the fitness inspection of containers used to ship perishable foods and frozen products for export, with an official policy interpretation released on 9–10 September. The regime takes effect for exports from 1 October 2026 and supersedes inconsistent prior rules.

The legal basis is the Commodity Inspection Law (《进出口商品检验法》) and its implementation regulations: containers carrying export perishable food and frozen products must pass cleanliness, hygiene, refrigeration and tightness fitness inspection before loading; uninspected or failed containers may not be used. The announcement re-engineers how that statutory requirement is administered.

Who does what under the new regime

Food producers and exporters hold the primary responsibility: they must self-inspect containers and select only those that are clean, hygienic, refrigerated and tight (清洁、卫生、制冷、密固) and suited to the goods — for refrigerated units, the cooling performance and temperature capability must match the cargo.

Carriers, container-stuffing units or their agents must, before loading, submit a fitness-inspection application through the China International Trade Single Window (中国国际贸易单一窗口) outbound-container fitness-inspection module to the customs office at the container’s storage location, uploading the Export Container Fitness Conformity Declaration (《出口集装箱适载符合性声明》).

Customs reviews the conformity declaration and conducts spot checks of containers; only upon a passing outcome may the container be loaded with the export food or frozen products.

The product-code scope

The perishable and frozen food codes subject to fitness inspection are published on the GACC portal (via the import-export food safety pages, at jckspj.customs.gov.cn) and are dynamically managed. Because the list moves, consignment screening must be code-based rather than category-based — mixed containers that mix covered and non-covered goods are the classic miss.

The 21-day validity and export validation

Fitness-inspection results are valid for 21 days and expire automatically. At export declaration, the customs information system validates and writes off the inspection result; declarations that fail validation are rejected (退单) under the law. Operationally, this means the inspection must be timed against the shipping schedule — a container inspected too early relative to vessel space and stuffing dates will need re-inspection, and a shipment presented without a valid result stops at the declaration stage.

Why the model changed

The official interpretation explains the shift: under the Commodity Inspection Law’s conformity-assessment framework, the previous model of enterprise pre-inspection plus customs sampling is replaced by enterprise compliance assurance plus customs review and spot checks. The conformity declaration formalises the enterprise’s assurance, and customs resources concentrate on risk-based verification. The system also adds electronic validation at export, closing the loop between inspection and declaration.

What this means for food FIEs and exporters

  • Build the timeline backwards from vessel cut-off. The 21-day validity window plus the customs review and spot-check cycle means inspection bookings should track stuffing dates, not booking dates.
  • File at the storage-location customs office. For inland stuffing — a growing pattern for Central and Western China food producers — the application goes where the container sits, not where the vessel sails.
  • Prepare the conformity declaration as a controlled document. It is the enterprise’s compliance assurance on record; errors or overbroad statements create exposure if a spot check contradicts it.
  • Re-check the code list at every consignment. Dynamic management means yesterday’s classification of a SKU is not today’s; assign the check to the documentation step, not to habit.
  • Brief carriers and stuffing contractors. The filing obligation sits with the carrier, stuffing unit or agent — foreign-invested food exporters should ensure their logistics contracts assign the task and the deadline explicitly.

Sources

  • 中华人民共和国海关总署 — 海关总署公告2026年第136号（关于装运出口易腐烂变质食品、冷冻品集装箱适载检验工作的公告）正式文本PDF（2026年9月8日）: http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/attachDir/2026/09/%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%B3%E6%80%BB%E7%BD%B2%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E8%A3%85%E8%BF%90%E5%87%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%98%93%E8%85%90%E7%83%82%E5%8F%98%E8%B4%A8%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E3%80%81%E5%86%B7%E5%86%BB%E5%93%81%E9%9B%86%E8%A3%85%E7%AE%B1%E9%80%82%E8%BD%BD%E6%A3%80%E9%AA%8C%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8A.pdf
  • 中华人民共和国海关总署 — 政务公开·海关总署公告栏目（136号公告发布及2026年9月9日官方政策解读条目）: http://gec.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/index.html
  • 海关总署进出口食品安全局 — 实施集装箱适载检验的易腐烂变质食品、冷冻品编码公布页面（公告指定编码目录入口）: http://jckspj.customs.gov.cn/spj/zcfg18/index.html

Related reading

  • see also: food export registration and filing for FIE producers (food-export-registration)
  • see also: cold-chain logistics compliance for imported foods (cold-chain-import-compliance)

出口食品冷冻品集装箱适载检验新规10月1日实施：海关总署136号公告解读

概述

2026年9月8日，海关总署发布2026年第136号公告，规范装运出口易腐烂变质食品、冷冻品集装箱的适载检验工作，并于9月9日至10日发布官方政策解读。新机制自2026年10月1日起适用于相关出口业务，此前规定与公告不一致的以公告为准。

法律依据是《进出口商品检验法》及其实施条例：装运出口易腐烂变质食品、冷冻品的集装箱须经清洁、卫生、冷藏、密固等适载检验，未经检验或检验不合格的不准装运。公告重构了这一法定要求的执行方式。

新机制下的分工

食品生产经营者承担自检主体责任：必须对集装箱自检，只选用清洁、卫生、制冷、密固合格且与拟装货物相适应的集装箱——冷藏箱还须核对制冷效能与温度能否达到拟装货物要求。

承运人、装箱单位或其代理人须在装运前通过中国国际贸易单一窗口出境集装箱适载检验模块，向集装箱存放地海关提交检验申请，并上传《出口集装箱适载符合性声明》。

海关对符合性声明进行审核、对集装箱进行抽查；合格后方可装运出口相关货物。

商品编码范围

须实施适载检验的易腐烂变质食品、冷冻品编码在海关总署门户网站公布（进出口食品安全栏目，jckspj.customs.gov.cn），并动态管理。目录会变，因此拼柜筛查必须按编码进行、不能按品类经验判断——覆盖与不覆盖商品混装的柜子是最典型的漏判场景。

21天有效期与出口校验

适载检验结果21天内有效，逾期自动失效。出口申报时，海关信息化系统对检验结果自动校验核销；校验不通过的出口报关单依法退单。操作上，检验时点要对着船期倒排——过早检验会遇到过期，无有效结果的货物在申报环节即被拦下。

模式为何调整

官方解读说明了变化逻辑：按照《进出口商品检验法》关于合格评定程序的规定，适载检验模式由“企业预检＋海关抽检”优化为“企业合规保证＋海关审核抽查”。符合性声明把企业的合规保证落到书面，海关资源集中到风险抽查；系统还在出口环节增加自动校验，把检验与申报闭环衔接。

对食品外资企业与出口方的启示

  • 从船期截关倒排时间线。 21天有效期叠加审核抽查周期，检验预约应跟踪装箱日期而非订舱日期。
  • 在存放地海关申报。 对内陆装箱——中西部食品产区日益普遍的模式——申请提交给箱子所在地的海关，而非出运口岸。
  • 把符合性声明当作受控文件管理。 它是企业合规保证的书面记录；抽查结果与声明不符时，夸大或错误的表述会形成风险敞口。
  • 每票货物重新核对编码目录。 动态管理意味着昨天的SKU归类未必适用今天；把核对动作固定在制单环节，而非依赖经验。
  • 向承运人与装箱承包商交底。 申报义务在承运人、装箱单位或其代理人——外资食品出口商应在物流合同中明确任务归属与时限。

来源

  • 中华人民共和国海关总署 — 海关总署公告2026年第136号正式文本PDF（2026年9月8日）: http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/attachDir/2026/09/%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%B3%E6%80%BB%E7%BD%B2%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E8%A3%85%E8%BF%90%E5%87%BA%E5%8F%A3%E6%98%93%E8%85%90%E7%83%82%E5%8F%98%E8%B4%A8%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81%E3%80%81%E5%86%B7%E5%86%BB%E5%93%81%E9%9B%86%E8%A3%85%E7%AE%B1%E9%80%82%E8%BD%BD%E6%A3%80%E9%AA%8C%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8A.pdf
  • 中华人民共和国海关总署 — 政务公开·海关总署公告栏目（含官方政策解读条目）: http://gec.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/index.html
  • 海关总署进出口食品安全局 — 适载检验商品编码公布页面（公告指定入口）: http://jckspj.customs.gov.cn/spj/zcfg18/index.html

相关阅读

  • 见：外资食品生产企业出口注册与备案（food-export-registration）
  • 见：进口食品冷链物流合规（cold-chain-import-compliance）
E-commerce Entry / 电商入华, Policy Updates / 政策动态

The fifth Global Digital Trade Expo: what Hangzhou’s AI-themed edition offers foreign digital businesses

  • The fifth Global Digital Trade Expo (GDTE) will run 23–27 September 2026 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang; at the State Council Information Office press conference on 7 September the Ministry of Commerce confirmed 121 countries and regions and 29 international organisations will attend, with international exhibitors above 20% of the total.
    第五届全球数字贸易博览会（数贸会）将于2026年9月23日至27日在浙江杭州举办；商务部在9月7日国新办发布会上介绍，已有121个国家和地区、29个国际组织的代表确认出席，国际展商占比超过20%。
  • Malaysia and Hungary are guest countries of honour, overseas delegations already exceed the total of all previous editions, and pre-registered international procurement orders stand at USD 977 million with total domestic and international orders of RMB 19.5 billion.
    本届主宾国为马来西亚、匈牙利，海外展团数量已超过往届总和；预筹国际采购订单达9.77亿美元，国内外订单总额195亿元人民币。
  • Artificial intelligence is the structural theme — the annual topic is “Meet the AI Future at the GDTE” — with AI companies accounting for more than one third of exhibitors and a dedicated Token (词元) zone organising the display along the compute–model–application chain.
    人工智能是结构性主题：年度主题为”在数贸会遇见AI未来”，人工智能参展企业占比超过三分之一，并率先设立词元（Token）专区，按”算力底座—模型服务—应用场景”全产业链逻辑布展。
  • The expo will publish flagship reports including the Global Digital Trade Development Report 2026 (a formal UN-agency publication) and the China Digital Trade Development Report 2026, plus the Silk Road E-commerce cooperation report and BRICK special-economic-zone outcomes.
    展会期间将发布旗舰报告：《全球数字贸易发展报告2026》（联合国机构正式出版物）、《中国数字贸易发展报告2026》，以及”丝路电商”合作发展报告与金砖国家特殊经济区成果。
  • Underlying the expo is a policy architecture the Ministry of Commerce summarised on stage: the national opinion on digital trade reform and innovation, national digital trade demonstration zones, and an annual expo platform — with China’s digitally-delivered services trade growing 11.2% a year between 2016 and 2025, above the global average.
    支撑展会的是商务部在会上概括的政策架构：《关于数字贸易改革创新发展的意见》、国家数字贸易示范区与每年举办的数贸会平台——2016至2025年中国数字化交付服务进出口年均增速11.2%，高于全球平均水平1.8个百分点。
  • For foreign e-commerce, AI and digital-services companies, the expo is the annual market-entry and partnership venue: cross-border e-commerce tracks (Silk Road E-commerce Day), capital-matching events with state guidance funds, and first-release showcases are concentrated in one week in Hangzhou.
    对外资电商、人工智能与数字服务企业而言，数贸会是一年一度的市场进入与合作对接场：跨境电商主题日（丝路电商日）、与国家服务贸易创新发展引导基金等资本的对接活动、首发首秀展示集中在一周之内。

The fifth Global Digital Trade Expo: what Hangzhou’s AI-themed edition offers foreign digital businesses | 第五届数贸会：杭州AI主题届会给外资数字企业的机会清单

Overview

The fifth Global Digital Trade Expo (全球数字贸易博览会, GDTE) opens 23 September 2026 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, running to 27 September with public days from the 24th. At the State Council Information Office press conference on 7 September, Vice-Minister of Commerce Ying Dong framed the expo as China’s only national-level, international, specialised fair dedicated to digital trade, and set out the scale and the theme of this edition: “Meet the AI Future at the GDTE” (在数贸会遇见AI未来).

For foreign-invested e-commerce, digital-services and AI companies watching China’s digital market, the expo concentrates policy signalling, procurement, capital matching and rule-making output into a single venue.

The scale and the audience

Organisers report an exhibition area of 170,000 square metres, with 121 countries and regions and 29 international organisations confirmed to attend and Malaysia and Hungary as guest countries of honour. International exhibitors exceed 20% of the total, and the number of overseas delegations has already surpassed the sum of all previous editions. Pre-arranged international procurement orders reach USD 977 million, with total domestic and international orders of RMB 19.5 billion; nearly 40,000 professional buyers have registered, more than 12,000 of them international.

AI as the organising theme

The structural change this year is the AI focus: artificial-intelligence exhibitors account for more than one third of participants, and the expo has set up a dedicated Token (词元) zone for the first time, arranged along the full chain of compute base, model services and application scenarios. Programming includes the World AI Open-Source Competition, an embodied-intelligence application challenge and a global brain-computer interface innovation contest.

On the governance side, themed activities include the BRICS Special Economic Zones Hangzhou Dialogue, the Silk Road E-commerce Day (with its annual cooperation report and overseas e-commerce training sessions) and the Africa Digital Trade Day, alongside flagship report launches: the Global Digital Trade Development Report 2026 as a formal UN-agency publication, the China Digital Trade Development Report 2026, and sector-specific standards and rankings.

The policy architecture behind the expo

Ministry of Commerce framing at the press conference placed the expo inside a three-part architecture: the national opinion on digital trade reform and innovation (《关于数字贸易改革创新发展的意见》) as the structural framework; national digital trade demonstration zones for clustered development; and the annual expo as the public platform for co-operation. The ministry cited World Trade Organization-based data showing China’s digitally-delivered services imports and exports growing 11.2% per year from 2016 to 2025, 1.8 percentage points above the global average.

The expo also connects to capital: matchmaking is planned with the national service-trade innovation-development guidance fund and social venture capital to pull private capital into digital-trade industries.

What this means for foreign digital businesses

  • Treat the expo as a market-scan window. With 121 countries present and international exhibitors above 20%, one visit covers China’s digital-trade supply chain — cloud, models, tokens, cross-border e-commerce infrastructure — plus the foreign competitors and partners active in it.
  • Silk Road E-commerce is the e-commerce entry track. The Silk Road E-commerce Day programme and its cooperation report define where China’s government-backed cross-border e-commerce corridors are expanding; platforms and brands seeking corridor access should attend the sessions and the overseas training components.
  • AI market signals concentrate here. The Token zone and the AI exhibition share make the expo the densest annual read on which models, chips and applications are being commercialised in China — and on which are open to foreign partnership.
  • Data and rules output matters. Flagship reports, standards and cooperation initiatives released at the expo prefigure the regulatory and standards agenda for digital trade; legal and compliance teams should harvest the documents.
  • Capital channels are open. With the state guidance fund and social VCs running matchmaking, foreign-invested digital businesses in China can meet the financing infrastructure alongside the commercial one.

Sources

  • 全球数字贸易博览会官方网站 — 开放加码，创新提速！第五届数贸会活动矩阵扩容升级（2026年9月，含主题、活动矩阵与报告发布安排）: https://www.gdte.org.cn/content/content_9300512.html
  • 中国经济网 — 第五届数贸会：在中国遇见AI未来（2026年9月8日，国新办9月7日发布会内容与商务部介绍）: https://www.ce.cn/cysc/newmain//yc/jsxw/202609/t20260908_3199420.shtml
  • 浙江在线 — 高端论坛、顶级大赛、产业活动……第五届数贸会还有”新玩法”（2026年9月15日，浙江省商务厅介绍）: https://zjnews.zjol.com.cn/zjnews/202609/t20260915_31909449.shtml

Related reading

  • see also: cross-border e-commerce market entry for foreign platforms (cross-border-ecommerce-entry)
  • see also: data export compliance for e-commerce operators (data-export-ecommerce)

第五届数贸会：杭州AI主题届会给外资数字企业的机会清单

概述

第五届全球数字贸易博览会（数贸会）将于2026年9月23日在浙江杭州开幕，27日闭幕（对外开放时间为24日下午至27日）。在9月7日的国新办新闻发布会上，商务部副部长鄢东把数贸会定位为中国唯一以数字贸易为主题的国家级、国际性、专业型展会，并介绍了本届的主题与规模：“在数贸会遇见AI未来”。

对关注中国数字市场的外资电商、数字服务与人工智能企业而言，数贸会把政策信号、采购、资本对接与规则产出集中在一个场域。

规模与受众

组委会介绍，本届展览总面积17万平方米，121个国家和地区、29个国际组织确认出席，马来西亚、匈牙利担任主宾国。国际展商占比超过20%，海外展团数量已超过往届总和。预筹国际采购订单达9.77亿美元，国内外订单总额195亿元人民币；近4万名专业客商报名参会，其中国际客商超1.2万名。

AI作为组织主题

本届的结构性变化是人工智能主线：AI参展企业占比超过三分之一，并首次设立词元（Token）专区，按算力底座—模型服务—应用场景全产业链逻辑布展。同期举办世界人工智能开源大赛、具身智能应用挑战赛、全球脑机接口创新赛等赛事。

治理侧的主题活动包括金砖国家特殊经济区杭州对话、丝路电商日（发布年度合作发展报告并组织海外电商研修班）与数贸非洲日；旗舰报告方面，《全球数字贸易发展报告2026》作为联合国机构正式出版物全球发布，同期发布《中国数字贸易发展报告2026》及细分领域标准、榜单与倡议。

展会背后的政策架构

商务部在发布会上的表述把数贸会放进三层架构：国家《关于数字贸易改革创新发展的意见》作为”四梁八柱”；国家数字贸易示范区推动集聚发展；每年举办的数贸会作为共商合作、共促发展、共享成果的公共平台。商务部援引世贸组织数据：2016至2025年中国数字化交付服务进出口年均增速11.2%，高于全球平均水平1.8个百分点。

展会还与资本相连：将与国家服务贸易创新发展引导基金、社会创投资本开展对接，撬动多元资本赋能数字贸易产业。

对外资数字企业的启示

  • 把展会当作市场扫描窗口。 121国参展、国际展商超20%，一次到场可以覆盖中国数字贸易供应链——云、模型、词元、跨境电商基础设施——以及活跃其中的外国同行与伙伴。
  • 丝路电商是电商进入赛道。 丝路电商日活动及其合作报告界定了政府支持的跨境电商走廊扩围方向；寻求走廊接入的平台与品牌应参加相关场次及海外研修环节。
  • AI市场信号在此集中。 词元专区与AI展区让数贸会成为年度最密集的观察点：哪些模型、芯片与应用正在中国商业化、哪些对外开放合作。
  • 数据与规则产出值得关注。 展会发布的旗舰报告、标准与合作倡议预示数字贸易的监管与标准议程；法务合规团队应收集整理。
  • 资本通道开放。 国家引导基金与社会创投现场对接；在华外资数字企业可一并接触融资基础设施与商业渠道。

来源

  • 全球数字贸易博览会官方网站 — 开放加码，创新提速！第五届数贸会活动矩阵扩容升级: https://www.gdte.org.cn/content/content_9300512.html
  • 中国经济网 — 第五届数贸会：在中国遇见AI未来（2026年9月8日）: https://www.ce.cn/cysc/newmain//yc/jsxw/202609/t20260908_3199420.shtml
  • 浙江在线 — 高端论坛、顶级大赛、产业活动……第五届数贸会还有”新玩法”（2026年9月15日）: https://zjnews.zjol.com.cn/zjnews/202609/t20260915_31909449.shtml

相关阅读

  • 见：外资平台的跨境电商进入路径（cross-border-ecommerce-entry）
  • 见：电商运营者的数据出境合规（data-export-ecommerce）
Data Export / 数据出境

China’s data-export certification route: the CAC’s September 2026 Q&A gives multinationals the operational yardstick

  • On 11 September 2026 the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) published the “Data Export Security Management Policy and Regulation Q&A (September 2026)”, its first operational interpretation of the Personal Information Exit Certification route since the certification measures took effect.
    2026年9月11日，国家网信办公布《数据出境安全管理政策法规问答（2026年9月）》，这是《个人信息出境认证办法》施行以来监管层给出的第一份操作口径。
  • The certification route is available to non-critical information infrastructure operators that, from 1 January of the current year, export cumulative personal information of 100,000 or more but fewer than 1 million individuals (excluding sensitive personal information), or fewer than 10,000 individuals’ sensitive personal information, and that do not involve important data.
    认证路径适用于非关键信息基础设施运营者：自当年1月1日起累计向境外提供10万人以上、不满100万人个人信息（不含敏感个人信息），或者不满1万人敏感个人信息，且不涉及重要数据。
  • The CAC drew a clear red line: data handlers must not use quantity-splitting or similar tactics to route personal information that should undergo security assessment through the certification route instead — volumes are counted per natural person and cumulatively from 1 January each year.
    网信办划出明确红线：不得采取数量拆分等手段，将依法应当通过数据出境安全评估的个人信息伪装成认证方式出境——数量按自然人计、自当年1月1日起累计计算。
  • Once cumulative exports reach 1 million or more individuals (non-sensitive) or 10,000 or more (sensitive), the handler must declare data export security assessment through the provincial cyberspace administration; the assessment process can take the prior certification outcome into account as supporting material.
    一旦累计出境达到100万人以上（非敏感）或1万人以上（敏感个人信息），处理者应当通过所在地省级网信部门申报数据出境安全评估；申报时可将此前通过认证的情况附后，评估过程中予以参考。
  • Certification is open to handlers of any scale on a voluntary basis: any handler with cross-border personal information flows may apply to a CAC-registered professional body to demonstrate compliance with GB/T 35273 and GB/T 46068, independent of the mandatory thresholds.
    认证对任何规模的处理者均自愿开放：只要存在个人信息出境行为，不论规模大小，均可向已备案的专业认证机构申请认证，证明符合GB/T 35273《个人信息安全规范》与GB/T 46068《个人信息跨境处理活动安全认证要求》。
  • Before applying, handlers must complete the underlying legal obligations: inform individuals, obtain separate consent where required, and conduct a personal information protection impact assessment (PIPIA) — certification certifies, it does not replace, these duties.
    申请认证前必须履行基础义务：依法告知个人、取得单独同意（如需）、完成个人信息保护影响评估——认证是对合规水平的证明，不能替代这些义务本身。

China’s data-export certification route: the CAC’s September 2026 Q&A gives multinationals the operational yardstick | 数据出境认证路径的官方量尺：网信办2026年9月问答给出可执行口径

Overview

On 11 September 2026, the Cyberspace Administration of China (国家互联网信息办公室) published the Data Export Security Management Policy and Regulation Q&A (September 2026) (《数据出境安全管理政策法规问答（2026年9月）》). The document answers three representative questions, all of them about the personal information exit certification route (个人信息出境认证) — the mechanism created by the *Personal Information Exit Certification Measures* jointly issued by the CAC and the State Administration for Market Regulation (Order No. 20), in force since 1 January 2026.

For multinational groups running intra-group HR data, customer data and after-sales data flows out of China, the Q&A is the first authoritative statement of how certification interacts with the two other compliance routes — standard contracts and security assessment — and where the boundaries sit.

The three conditions for the certification route

The CAC confirms that certification as a compliance route (as distinct from voluntary certification) requires all three of the following:

  • The handler is not a critical information infrastructure operator (CIIO);
  • From 1 January of the current year, cumulative exports cover 100,000 or more but fewer than 1 million individuals’ personal information (excluding sensitive personal information), or fewer than 10,000 individuals’ sensitive personal information;
  • The exports do not involve important data.

The practical significance is the bandwidth comparison: the standard-contract route caps sensitive information at fewer than 10,000 individuals, while the certification route carries the same sensitive-information ceiling but allows non-sensitive personal information of up to 999,999 individuals. For cross-border businesses whose volumes sit in the middle band — regional HR platforms, loyalty programmes, shared service centres — certification can carry materially larger flows than standard contracts.

The anti-splitting red line

The Q&A states expressly that handlers must not adopt quantity-splitting or similar means to route personal information that should undergo security assessment through certification instead. The counting algorithm leaves little room: quantities are counted per natural person and accumulate from 1 January each year, so splitting by month, by business line or by receiving entity does not reset the denominator.

This targets a practice that has emerged since the certification measures took effect — structuring transfers so that each individual flow sits below the assessment threshold. The CAC’s message is that the thresholds are cumulative and substance-based, and that split flows will be re-aggregated when regulators review.

What happens when volumes grow

For handlers that certified first and then grew past the assessment threshold — 1 million or more individuals (non-sensitive) or 10,000 or more (sensitive) — the Q&A confirms the obligation to declare data export security assessment through the provincial cyberspace administration. The declaration can attach the prior certification materials, describing the handler’s and the overseas recipient’s protection level and the safeguards for individuals’ rights; the cyberspace authorities will take the certification into account during the assessment. Certification therefore functions as a compliance credit even when a handler outgrows the route.

Voluntary certification for any scale

Independent of the mandatory route, the Q&A reiterates that any handler with cross-border personal information flows may apply for certification voluntarily, regardless of volume. The certification body assesses conformity with GB/T 35273 (Information security technology — Personal information security specification) and GB/T 46068 (Data security technology — Security certification requirements for cross-border processing of personal information). Handlers may apply to any professional certification body registered with the authorities; the CAC’s Q&A lists contact details including the China Cybersecurity Review, Certification and Market Regulation Big Data Centre (中国网络安全审查认证和市场监管大数据中心).

For multinational groups, the commercial value of the certificate extends beyond Chinese law: overseas headquarters conducting data due diligence, and customers conducting supplier audits, can rely on a state-level certification in place of a stack of self-assessment documents.

The duties that sit underneath

Certification does not displace the underlying obligations under the Personal Information Protection Law. Before applying, a handler must have completed:

  • Notification of individuals regarding the cross-border processing;
  • Separate consent where the processing scenario requires it;
  • A personal information protection impact assessment (PIPIA).

The certification body examines whether these duties were performed; a certificate issued over an incomplete foundation would not survive regulatory scrutiny.

What this means for foreign-invested groups

  • Run the threshold arithmetic now. Count cumulative per-person export volumes from 1 January 2026 across all routes and entities; the result determines which route each flow must use for the rest of the year.
  • Do not split to stay under thresholds. The CAC has named quantity-splitting as a violation target; re-aggregation on review is the realistic downside, with the assessment route mandatory once volumes are re-counted.
  • Mid-band flows should price the certification route. For flows between 100,000 and 1 million individuals (non-sensitive), certification offers more bandwidth than standard contracts and lighter procedure than assessment.
  • Keep PIPIA and consent records certification-ready. The application package presumes they exist and are current.
  • Watch the assessment reference mechanism. Groups that certified early and later crossed the threshold can present certification as evidence of protection level, potentially smoothing the assessment.

Sources

  • 国家互联网信息办公室 — 数据出境安全管理政策法规问答（2026年9月）（2026年9月11日发布，认证适用情形、数量拆分红线、评估衔接口径）: https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-09/11/c_1790876549989064.htm
  • 国家互联网信息办公室 — 中央网信办（国家互联网信息办公室）官方网站（数据出境安全管理政策发布与法规库入口）: https://www.cac.gov.cn/
  • 天津长安网 — 《减负不减责 守牢个人信息保护底线》（小型个人信息处理者简化措施规定与数据出境豁免口径解读，政府官方站点）: https://tjcaw.gov.cn/mainindex/detail.html?id=18030870619192321

Related reading

  • see also: the data export negative list for free trade zones (data-exit-negative-list)
  • see also: PIPL compliance basics for foreign-invested enterprises (pipl-compliance-basics)

数据出境认证路径的官方量尺：网信办2026年9月问答给出可执行口径

概述

2026年9月11日，国家互联网信息办公室发布《数据出境安全管理政策法规问答（2026年9月）》。文件答复了三个代表性问题，全部指向个人信息出境认证路径——即国家网信办与市场监管总局以第20号令联合发布、自2026年1月1日起施行的《个人信息出境认证办法》所确立的机制。

对跨国集团而言，集团内部人力资源数据、客户数据与售后数据的出境流动是常态。这份问答首次以监管口径明确了认证路径与另外两条合规路径（标准合同、安全评估）之间的衔接关系和边界。

认证路径的三个适用条件

网信办确认，作为合规路径的认证（区别于自愿认证）须同时满足三项条件：

  • 处理者不是关键信息基础设施运营者；
  • 自当年1月1日起，累计向境外提供的个人信息为10万人以上、不满100万人（不含敏感个人信息），或者不满1万人的敏感个人信息；
  • 出境活动不涉及重要数据。

其实务意义在于带宽对比：标准合同路径的敏感个人信息上限是不满1万人，认证路径的敏感信息上限相同，但非敏感个人信息可以承载至99.9万人。对跨境业务规模处于中间地带的企业——区域性人力资源平台、会员体系、共享服务中心——认证路径比标准合同能承载更大的出境量。

反拆分红线

问答明确：处理者不得采取数量拆分等手段，将依法应当通过数据出境安全评估的个人信息通过认证方式向境外提供。计算口径留下的操作空间很小：数量按自然人计、自当年1月1日起累计，按月度、按业务线、按接收方拆分数额都无法重置分母。

这一条针对的是认证办法施行后已经出现的规避动作——把每一笔出境都安排在评估阈值之下。监管的信号是：阈值按累计和实质计算，拆分的流量在核查时会被重新归集。

规模增长后怎么办

对于先认证、后越过评估阈值的处理者——累计达到100万人以上（非敏感）或1万人以上（敏感个人信息）——问答确认应当通过所在地省级网信部门申报数据出境安全评估。申报时可以将此前通过认证的情况附后，说明处理者与境外接收方的个人信息保护水平、个人权益保障等情况；网信部门将在评估过程中予以参考。认证因此即使在被”长出”阈值之后，仍然是一份合规信用记录。

任何规模均可自愿认证

独立于强制路径之外，问答重申：只要存在个人信息出境行为，不论规模大小，任何处理者都可以自愿申请认证。认证机构依据GB/T 35273《信息安全技术 个人信息安全规范》和GB/T 46068《数据安全技术 个人信息跨境处理活动安全认证要求》开展合格评定。处理者可以向任何一家已通过备案的专业认证机构提出申请；问答列明了咨询渠道，包括中国网络安全审查认证和市场监管大数据中心。

对跨国集团而言，这张证书的商业价值不限于中国法域：境外总部做数据尽职调查、客户做供应商审计时，一份国家层面的认证证书比一叠自评材料更有说服力。

认证之下的基础义务

认证不能替代个人信息保护法规定的基础义务。申请之前，处理者应当已经完成：

  • 就跨境处理活动告知个人；
  • 按场景要求取得单独同意；
  • 完成个人信息保护影响评估（PIPIA）。

认证机构会核查这些义务是否履行；基础不完整的申请难以通过评定，即便侥幸获证也经不起后续监管检查。

对外资集团的启示

  • 现在就做阈值测算。 按2026年1月1日起累计的自然人数量，分主体、分路径统计出境规模；测算结果决定年内每一条出境流适用的合规路径。
  • 不要拆分规避阈值。 网信办已点名数量拆分为违规对象；现实的风险是核查时被重新归集，并强制转入评估路径。
  • 中间规模流量应给认证路径定价。 10万至100万人（非敏感）区间的流量，认证比标准合同带宽更大、比安全评估程序更轻。
  • 让PIPIA与同意记录保持”认证就绪”。 申请材料默认这些文件已存在且现行有效。
  • 关注评估参考机制。 先认证后越过阈值的企业，可以将认证作为保护水平的证明材料，可能让评估过程更顺畅。

来源

  • 国家互联网信息办公室 — 数据出境安全管理政策法规问答（2026年9月）（2026年9月11日发布）: https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-09/11/c_1790876549989064.htm
  • 国家互联网信息办公室 — 中央网信办（国家互联网信息办公室）官方网站: https://www.cac.gov.cn/
  • 天津长安网 — 《减负不减责 守牢个人信息保护底线》（官方解读文章）: https://tjcaw.gov.cn/mainindex/detail.html?id=18030870619192321

相关阅读

  • 见：自贸区数据出境负面清单实务（data-exit-negative-list）
  • 见：外资企业个人信息保护法合规基础（pipl-compliance-basics）
Policy Updates / 政策动态

China’s eight-department smart-home action plan: standards, trade-in subsidies and ageing-appropriate design

  • Eight central departments led by the Ministry of Commerce jointly issued the “Action Plan for Promoting Smart Home Consumption” (商消费发〔2026〕148号, dated 2 September 2026, published 14 September), a seven-part plan to expand China’s smart-home market.
    商务部会同国家发展改革委、工业和信息化部、民政部、财政部、自然资源部、住房城乡建设部、市场监管总局等8部门联合印发《促进智能家居消费行动方案》（商消费发〔2026〕148号，成文于2026年9月2日，9月14日对外发布），从七个方面部署扩大智能家居消费。
  • The plan requires mandatory national standards for smart-home interoperability: a product intelligence grading and evaluation standard system will be completed, and interoperability and related compulsory national standards will be accelerated — a compliance item every connected-device maker selling in China must track.
    方案要求完善智能家居标准体系：完善产品智能化分级评价标准体系，加快制定实施智能家居互联互通等强制性国家标准，加速全屋智能一体化融合发展——这是所有在华销售联网设备的企业必须跟踪的合规事项。
  • Network infrastructure requirements are written into the plan: basic telecom operators’ home broadband equipment will default to IPv6, and newly built fully-fitted residences must include basic smart products in-room, with fibre-to-the-room cabling encouraged.
    网络基础设施要求写入方案：推动基础电信企业家庭宽带网络设备默认开启IPv6；对新建全装修住宅，明确户内设置基本智能产品要求，鼓励光纤到房间布设。
  • Consumption support runs through the 2026 trade-in programme: localities may independently determine which smart-home product categories and subsidy standards to include, with whole-house smart-home purchases covered under the consumer-goods trade-in policy.
    消费支持接入2026年消费品以旧换新政策：支持地方结合实际自主合理确定智能家居产品补贴品类、补贴标准，统筹支持全屋智能家居购新。
  • Ageing-appropriate smart homes are a named direction: family-service robots, health monitoring and smart care products will be promoted, with dialect recognition, safety performance and size adapted for older users, and “silver product” certification piloted in the segment.
    适老化智能家居被点名发展：推广家庭服务机器人、健康监测、智能照护等适老化产品，引导企业在产品尺寸、操作便利、方言识别、安全性能等方面推行适老化设计，并推动在适老化智能家居领域开展银发产品认证。
  • Financial support includes consumer-finance products for home decoration and the personal consumption-loan interest-subsidy policy, guiding lenders to increase smart-home consumption credit — relevant to foreign consumer-finance and home-appliance players alike.
    金融支持包括鼓励金融机构围绕家居家装需求开发消费金融产品，用好个人消费贷款财政贴息政策，引导加大对智能家居消费的信贷投放——外资消费金融机构与家电企业均相关。

China’s eight-department smart-home action plan: standards, trade-in subsidies and ageing-appropriate design | 八部门智能家居行动方案：强制性国标、以旧换新补贴与适老化设计

Overview

On 14 September 2026, the Action Plan for Promoting Smart Home Consumption (《促进智能家居消费行动方案》, 商消费发〔2026〕148号) was published. The document — dated 2 September 2026 and jointly issued by the Ministry of Commerce, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Civil Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Natural Resources, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the State Administration for Market Regulation — implements the 15th Five-Year Plan directive to enrich smart-home scenarios, support ageing-friendly renovation of older housing, and expand quality supply for different consumer groups.

For foreign-invested enterprises in home appliances, smart devices, home decoration and consumer finance, the plan signals where China’s largest consumer-policy machinery will push the smart-home market through the current policy cycle.

Seven measures, four priorities

The plan sets out seven measures: expanding quality supply; improving the standards system; supporting consumption; developing ageing-appropriate smart homes; smoothing used-home-furnishing recycling; optimising community convenience services; and increasing fiscal and financial support. The interpreting statement from MOFCOM’s Consumption Promotion Department groups them into four priorities.

Supply and demand in tandem. Producers are encouraged to strengthen smart-home R&D; furniture malls and shopping centres are supported in setting up smart-home experience centres and whole-house and digital-home demonstration rooms; large home-decoration enterprises and platforms are to be cultivated, with customised, order-based and appointment-based services.

A multi-layer ecosystem — the standards headline. To fix the interoperability pain point, the plan requires completing the product intelligence grading and evaluation standard system and accelerating the formulation and implementation of smart-home interoperability and other compulsory national standards (强制性国家标准). Network requirements follow: basic telecom operators’ home broadband equipment will default to IPv6, and newly built fully-fitted residences must set basic smart products in-room, with fibre-to-the-room cabling encouraged.

Consumption support through trade-ins

Under the 2026 consumer-goods trade-in policy, localities may decide — within their own budgets and programme rules — which smart-home product categories to subsidise and at what standards, and the policy explicitly covers whole-house smart-home purchases (全屋智能家居购新), not only single devices. Foreign brands participate through the same local trade-in channels as domestic producers; inclusion in local subsidy catalogues has been the practical gateway in prior rounds.

Ageing-appropriate smart homes and recycling

The plan names family-service robots, health monitoring and smart care as products to promote, with enterprises guided to adapt product size, ease of operation, dialect recognition and safety performance for older users, and to enrich ageing-appropriate supply together with home-decoration services. “Silver product” certification (银发产品认证) will be developed in the segment. On the exit side, localities are guided to plan used-furnishing recycling outlets with land and space support, and enterprises are encouraged to offer “deliver-new plus collect-old” and “internet plus recycling” services.

Community services and finance

Neighbourhood-level “home renewal” comprehensive service stations will integrate maintenance, storage and trade-in exchange services, leveraging leading enterprises within the 15-minute convenience-life-circle programme. On finance, banks and consumer-finance companies are encouraged to develop products around home-decoration demand; the personal consumption-loan fiscal interest-subsidy policy applies, guiding more credit toward smart-home purchases.

What this means for foreign-invested enterprises

  • Treat the interoperability compulsory standard as a product-compliance deadline. Once the mandatory national standard is formulated and implemented, connected home devices sold in China will need to conform; foreign brands should map their China portfolio against the coming grading and interoperability standards and join standard-setting work early.
  • Position for trade-in inclusion. Whole-house smart-home purchases are now an explicit subsidy object; foreign brands should engage local commerce departments on inclusion in regional trade-in catalogues and prepare SKU-level documentation.
  • Watch the new-build requirements. Housing rules requiring basic smart products in fully-fitted new residences, plus IPv6 defaults and fibre-to-the-room, shape the B2B channel (developers, integrators) as much as retail.
  • The ageing segment has policy wind. Dialect recognition and safety-adapted design plus silver certification create a distinguishable product line for groups with care-robot or health-monitoring portfolios.
  • Consumer finance partnerships. The interest-subsidy channel works through lenders; foreign consumer-finance players and appliance financiers should verify their products’ eligibility for the subsidy arrangement.

Sources

  • 中国政府网 — 商务部等8部门关于印发《促进智能家居消费行动方案》的通知（商消费发〔2026〕148号，成文日期2026年9月2日）: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202609/content_7081037.htm
  • 中华人民共和国商务部 — 商务部等8部门关于印发《促进智能家居消费行动方案》的通知（政策发布，2026年9月14日）: https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zcfb/gnmygl/art/2026/art_10bdf8f3a8a14d0cb567fe7ec4013e0f.html
  • 中国政府网 — 商务部消费促进司负责人解读《促进智能家居消费行动方案》（2026年9月）: https://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/zhengce/202609/content_7081045.htm

Related reading

  • see also: consumer-goods trade-in programme mechanics for foreign brands (consumer-trade-in-foreign-brands)
  • see also: smart-device regulatory compliance for connected products (connected-device-compliance)

八部门智能家居行动方案：强制性国标、以旧换新补贴与适老化设计

概述

2026年9月14日，《促进智能家居消费行动方案》（商消费发〔2026〕148号）对外发布。这份文件成文于2026年9月2日，由商务部、国家发展改革委、工业和信息化部、民政部、财政部、自然资源部、住房城乡建设部、市场监管总局等8部门联合印发，落实”十五五”规划纲要关于丰富智能家居场景、支持老旧房屋适老化改造和智能化升级、适应不同群体消费需求扩大优质供给的工作要求。

对家电、智能设备、家装与消费金融领域的外资企业而言，这份方案指明了本轮政策周期内中国消费政策机器将把智能家居市场推向何方。

七条举措、四个重点

方案提出七条举措：扩大优质供给、完善标准体系、支持消费、发展适老化智能家居、畅通废旧回收、优化社区便民服务、加大财政金融支持。商务部消费促进司负责人解读将其归纳为四个重点。

供需协同发力。 鼓励生产企业加强智能家居产品研发；支持家居卖场、购物中心设立智能家居体验中心、全屋智能和数字家庭样板间；加快培育大型家装企业和平台，发展定制式、订单式、预约式服务。

打造多元融合生态——标准的头条。 针对互联互通堵点，方案要求完善产品智能化分级评价标准体系，加快制定实施智能家居互联互通等强制性国家标准，加速全屋智能一体化融合发展。网络要求同步明确：推动基础电信企业家庭宽带网络设备默认开启IPv6；对新建全装修住宅，明确户内设置基本智能产品要求，鼓励光纤到房间布设。

以旧换新通道的消费支持

按照2026年消费品以旧换新政策部署，支持地方结合实际自主合理确定智能家居产品补贴品类、补贴标准，并明确统筹支持全屋智能家居购新——不只是单品。外资品牌与本土厂商通过相同的地方以旧换新渠道参与；此前的政策轮次中，进入地方补贴品类目录是实际上的参与门槛。

适老化与回收

方案点名推广家庭服务机器人、健康监测、智能照护产品，引导企业在产品尺寸、操作便利、方言识别、安全性能等方面推行适老化设计，丰富适老化产品与家装服务供给，并推动开展银发产品认证。出口端，指导各地科学设置废旧家居回收网点并给予用地空间支持，鼓励企业提供”送新+收旧””互联网+回收”服务，推广”以车代库”流动回收模式。

社区服务与金融

依托一刻钟便民生活圈建设，发挥龙头企业作用，在具备条件的街道、社区设立家居焕新综合服务站点，整合维修保养、物品寄存、回收置换等服务。金融端，鼓励金融机构围绕家居家装需求开发消费金融产品，用好个人消费贷款财政贴息政策，引导加大对智能家居消费的信贷支持。

对外资企业的启示

  • 把互联互通强制性国标当作产品合规节点。 强制性国家标准制定实施后，在华销售的联网家居设备需要符合标准；外资品牌应对照即将出台的分级与互联互通标准梳理在华产品线，并尽早参与标准制定工作。
  • 卡位以旧换新目录。 全屋智能家居购新已是明确的补贴对象；外资品牌应与地方商务部门对接区域补贴目录纳入事宜，并准备SKU级材料。
  • 关注新建住宅要求。 全装修新房须设基本智能产品、IPv6默认开启、光纤到房间，这些规则对B2B渠道（开发商、集成商）的影响不亚于零售端。
  • 适老化赛道有政策顺风。 方言识别与安全适配设计加银发认证，为拥有照护机器人或健康监测产品线的集团提供了可区隔的产品方向。
  • 消费金融合作。 贴息通道经由贷款机构落地；外资消费金融机构与家电金融业务应核实其产品是否纳入贴息安排。

来源

  • 中国政府网 — 商务部等8部门关于印发《促进智能家居消费行动方案》的通知（商消费发〔2026〕148号）: https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202609/content_7081037.htm
  • 中华人民共和国商务部 — 政策发布（2026年9月14日）: https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zcfb/gnmygl/art/2026/art_10bdf8f3a8a14d0cb567fe7ec4013e0f.html
  • 中国政府网 — 商务部消费促进司负责人解读《促进智能家居消费行动方案》: https://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/zhengce/202609/content_7081045.htm

相关阅读

  • 见：外资品牌参与消费品以旧换新的机制要点（consumer-trade-in-foreign-brands）
  • 见：联网设备的智能设备监管合规（connected-device-compliance）
Healthcare & Pharma / 医药医疗, Sector Restrictions / 分行业限制

Pharma and biotech opening moves from the foreign-investment action plan: segmented production, pilot expansion and the payment chain

  • The Action Plan for Stabilising and Optimising the Utilisation of Foreign Investment (商资发〔2026〕97号, issued 16 June 2026 by MOFCOM, NDRC and MOF) commits the government to “expedite the study and issuance of implementation rules for segmented pharmaceutical production”, easing cross-border segmented manufacturing of biologics and chemical drugs by foreign marketing-authorisation holders.
    商务部、国家发展改革委、财政部《利用外资固稳促优行动方案》（商资发〔2026〕97号，2026年6月16日印发）明确”抓紧研究出台药品分段生产实施细则”，便利境外药品上市许可持有人开展生物制品、化学药品跨境分段生产。
  • The same plan moves to widen pilot geography: authorities will “expedite research and approval to further expand the pilot regions for biotechnology and wholly foreign-owned hospitals” — the two most-watched restricted-service openings of the current cycle.
    同一方案还推动试点扩围：”抓紧研究报批进一步扩大生物技术、外商独资医院领域开放试点区域范围”——这是本轮最受关注的两项限制性服务业开放。
  • The statutory base is already in place: the revised Drug Administration Law Implementation Regulations (published January 2026) turned segmented production from pilot into institution, letting marketing-authorisation holders commission qualified producers to segment-manufacture innovative drugs and clinically urgent drugs when genuinely needed, under a unified quality-assurance system covering all sites.
    法定底座已经就位：修订后的《药品管理法实施条例》（2026年1月公布）把分段生产从试点推向制度——药品上市许可持有人确有需要的，可委托符合条件的企业分段生产创新药、临床急需药品等，并建立覆盖全部生产场地的统一质量保证体系。
  • Commercial proof-of-concept has landed: in May 2026 Johnson & Johnson’s niccalimab injection became the first imported biologic to run domestic segmented production of drug substance in China, with the substance made by WuXi Bio in Wuxi and fill-finish completed in Germany.
    商业验证已经落地：2026年5月，强生制药的尼卡利单抗注射液成为全国首个开展原液境内分段生产的进口生物制品——原液由无锡药明生物生产，制剂在德国完成。
  • Biotech opening pilots are producing registrable outcomes: under the 2024 pilot allowing FIEs to develop and apply human stem-cell and gene diagnosis and therapy technologies in designated free trade zones, at least six foreign companies — including Merck, JW Therapeutics-related entities, Frontera Therapeutics and StarCellBio — have completed registration changes or new filings.
    生物技术开放试点已产出可登记成果：在2024年允许外商投资企业于指定自贸区开展人体干细胞、基因诊断与治疗技术开发应用的试点下，至少6家外资企业（含默克、药明巨诺相关主体、芳拓生物、星奕昂等）已完成经营范围变更或新设登记。
  • Payment and channel measures complete the chain: the plan supports insurers in covering more innovative drugs and devices under commercial health insurance, and calls for an industry collaboration platform to smooth foreign-made pharmaceuticals into retail channels — the “last mile” that has capped foreign pharma revenue in China.
    支付与渠道措施补齐链条：方案支持保险公司将更多创新药械纳入商业保险保障范围，并搭建行业协作平台便利外资企业生产的药品进入零售渠道——这正是此前封顶外资药企中国收入的”最后一公里”。

Pharma and biotech opening moves from the foreign-investment action plan: segmented production, pilot expansion and the payment chain | 外资行动方案中的医药开放组合：分段生产、试点扩围与支付渠道

Overview

The Action Plan for Stabilising and Optimising the Utilisation of Foreign Investment (《利用外资固稳促优行动方案》, 商资发〔2026〕97号), issued on 16 June 2026 by the Ministry of Commerce, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance with State Council consent, devotes one of its fifteen measures to pharmaceuticals. The measure assembles a “production — marketing-authorisation — payment — channel” package for foreign pharmaceutical and biotech companies: segmented production implementation rules, expanded pilot geography for biotechnology and wholly foreign-owned hospitals, commercial-insurance payment support, and retail-channel facilitation.

With September 2026 commentary from the Shanghai government’s weekly foreign-invested information service now tracking the package in detail, the measures are the clearest single statement of where foreign pharma market access in China is heading this cycle.

Segmented production: from pilot to statute to rules

Segmented production (分段生产) distributes a drug’s manufacturing process across sites or companies — globally common, but long restricted in China. The progression:

  • October 2024: the National Medical Products Administration issued the pilot work plan for segmented production of biologics, allowing certain innovative and clinically urgent biologics to run segmented production at the pilot stage.
  • January 2026: the State Council published the revised Drug Administration Law Implementation Regulations, moving segmented production into institution. Article 31 provides that where a marketing-authorisation holder genuinely needs it, the holder may commission qualified manufacturers to segment-manufacture (i) innovative drugs with special process, facility or equipment requirements, (ii) clinically urgent drugs and drugs needed for public-health response or reserves identified by the State Council departments, and (iii) other drugs specified by the drug regulator. The holder must build a unified quality-assurance system covering the whole production process and all sites; vaccines and blood products carry their own commissioning rules.
  • Next step: the action plan’s commitment to issue implementation rules for segmented pharmaceutical production — the operational layer for application conditions, quality-responsibility allocation and regulatory coordination.

The commercial template already exists: in May 2026, Johnson & Johnson’s niccalimab injection became the first imported biologic to run domestic segmented production of drug substance — substance produced by WuXi Biologics in Wuxi, fill-finish completed by Vetter Pharma in Germany. For multinationals, the case demonstrates the operating model the rules will generalise: foreign marketing-authorisation holders placing upstream segments with qualified Chinese CDMOs while keeping downstream finishing abroad, or the reverse.

Biotechnology and wholly foreign-owned hospitals: pilot expansion pending approval

Biotechnology (human stem cells, gene diagnosis and therapy) has been open to FIEs only inside designated pilot areas since September 2024, when Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong free trade zones and Hainan were authorised. The registry shows results: at least six foreign companies — including Merck, entities associated with JW Therapeutics (药明巨诺), Frontera Therapeutics (芳拓生物) and StarCellBio (星奕昂) — have completed business-scope changes or new registrations inside the pilot areas.

The action plan instructs authorities to expedite research and approval for expanding the pilot regions for both biotechnology and wholly foreign-owned hospitals — the same two openings that Shanghai’s 15th Five-Year plan and other provincial documents name as landing priorities. Neither expansion has been formally approved yet; the plan converts the expansion from discussion item into an official workstream with a deadline pressure attached.

Payment and channels: the last-mile package

Two measures address the revenue side that has historically capped foreign pharma’s China performance:

  • Commercial insurance. The plan supports insurers in bringing more innovative drugs and devices into commercial health-insurance coverage — the payer channel that has grown fastest as national reimbursement negotiations compress prices.
  • Retail channels. An industry collaboration platform will be built to facilitate foreign-produced pharmaceuticals entering drug retail channels — addressing the distribution friction that has kept foreign-manufactured drugs out of pharmacy chains even after approval.

What this means for foreign pharma and healthcare groups

  • Map your product portfolio against segmented-production eligibility. The statutory categories are innovative drugs with special process/equipment requirements and clinically urgent or reserve drugs; groups with biologics or special-technology chemicals should identify candidates and pre-qualify Chinese CDMO partners under a unified quality system.
  • Watch the implementation rules, not just the plan. Application conditions, quality-responsibility division and regulatory coordination sit in the forthcoming rules; the drafting is the moment to submit practical comments.
  • Treat pilot expansion as a siting decision. If the biotech and wholly-owned-hospital pilots extend to new provinces, entity location inside a pilot area becomes a structuring variable; hold new China healthcare investments until the expanded map is published.
  • Build the commercial-insurance and retail strategy now. Payment support and retail-channel facilitation are revenue-side measures; groups that prepare health-insurance dossiers and pharmacy distribution agreements can move when the platforms land.
  • Benchmark against the niccalimab case. The first segmented-production precedent defines the documentation and quality-system expectations regulators will apply to the next applications.

Sources

  • 济源产城融合示范区管理委员会（转载）— 商务部 国家发展改革委 财政部关于印发《利用外资固稳促优行动方案》的通知（商资发〔2026〕97号，2026年6月16日，政府官网全文）: https://zt.www.jiyuan.gov.cn/zsyz/wstz_zsyz/zcfb/t1008712.html
  • 上海市人民政府外事办公室 — 《上海资讯周报》涉外资讯一站式服务（2026年9月第1期，总第157期，2026年9月2日，医药开放组合与分段生产制度演进综述）: https://wsb.sh.gov.cn/ztzl/shzxzb/20260902/d2eb54ce238e4d6d9f5bcac6e428f6e6.html
  • 蒙城县人民政府（转载）— 中华人民共和国药品管理法实施条例（2026年修订版分段生产条款第31—33条全文）: https://www.mengcheng.gov.cn/XxgkContent/show/3008349.html

Related reading

  • see also: segmented pharma production pilot mechanics (segmented-pharma-production)
  • see also: wholly foreign-owned hospital pilot requirements (foreign-owned-hospital-pilot)

外资行动方案中的医药开放组合：分段生产、试点扩围与支付渠道

概述

《利用外资固稳促优行动方案》（商资发〔2026〕97号）由商务部、国家发展改革委、财政部经国务院同意于2026年6月16日印发，其十五条举措中专设一条指向医药。该条为外资医药与生物技术企业组装了一套”生产—上市许可—支付—渠道”组合：分段生产实施细则、生物技术与外商独资医院试点扩围、商业保险支付支持与零售渠道便利。

随着2026年9月上海市政府涉外资讯周报对该政策包作出详细追踪解读，这是本周期内中国外资药品准入走向最清晰的一份单项表述。

分段生产：从试点到法定再到细则

分段生产（分段生产）把药品生产过程分布在不同场地或企业之间——全球通行，但在中国长期受限。演进脉络：

  • 2024年10月： 国家药监局印发生物制品分段生产试点工作方案，允许部分创新生物制品和临床急需生物制品在试点阶段开展分段生产。
  • 2026年1月： 国务院公布修订后的《药品管理法实施条例》，把分段生产推向制度。第三十一条规定，药品上市许可持有人确有需要的，可以委托符合条件的药品生产企业分段生产：（一）生产工艺、设施设备有特殊要求的创新药；（二）临床急需药品、应对突发公共卫生事件急需或储备需要的药品；（三）国务院药品监督管理部门规定的其他药品。持有人须建立覆盖药品生产全过程和全部生产场地的统一质量保证体系；疫苗、血液制品另有委托生产规则。
  • 下一步： 行动方案承诺出台药品分段生产实施细则——即申请条件、质量责任划分与监管协调的操作层。

商业模板已经出现：2026年5月，强生制药的尼卡利单抗注射液成为全国首个开展原液境内分段生产的进口生物制品——原液由无锡药明生物生产，制剂由德国Vetter Pharma完成。对跨国药企而言，该案例演示了细则将要推广的运营模式：境外持有人把上游环节放在中国合格CDMO、下游制剂留在境外，或反向操作。

生物技术与外商独资医院：扩围报批中

自2024年9月北京、上海、广东自贸区和海南获准试点以来，生物技术（人体干细胞、基因诊断与治疗）仅对试点区域内FIE开放。登记情况已有产出：至少6家外资企业——包括默克、药明巨诺相关主体、芳拓生物（Frontera Therapeutics）、星奕昂等——已在试点区域内完成经营范围变更或新设登记。

行动方案要求抓紧研究报批进一步扩大生物技术、外商独资医院领域开放试点区域范围——上海”十五五”规划等省级文件点名的同样是这两项开放。扩围尚未正式获批；方案把扩围从讨论事项转为带时限压力的正式工作流程。

支付与渠道：最后一公里

两项措施指向历史上封顶外资药企中国收入的收入端：

  • 商业保险。 方案支持保险公司将更多创新药械纳入商业健康保险保障范围——在国家谈判压缩价格背景下增长最快的支付通道。
  • 零售渠道。 将搭建行业协作平台，便利外资企业生产的药品进入药品零售渠道——解决获批外资药品难以进入连锁药店的流通摩擦。

对外资医药与医疗集团的启示

  • 对照分段生产法定情形梳理产品组合。 法定类别是工艺设施有特殊要求的创新药与临床急需、储备药品；拥有生物制品或特殊工艺化学药的企业应识别候选产品，并按统一质量体系预审中国CDMO伙伴。
  • 盯细则而不止于方案。 申请条件、质量责任划分与监管协调都在即将出台的实施细则中；起草阶段是提交实务意见的窗口。
  • 把试点扩围当作选址变量。 若生物技术与独资医院试点扩展至新省份，主体落位在试点区域内就成为架构变量；新医疗投资可等扩围地图公布后再定。
  • 现在就建商保与零售策略。 支付支持与渠道便利是收入端措施；提前准备健康险材料与药店分销协议的集团，可在平台落地时立即行动。
  • 对标尼卡利单抗案例。 首个分段生产先例界定了监管对后续申请的单证与质量体系预期。

来源

  • 济源产城融合示范区管理委员会（转载）— 《利用外资固稳促优行动方案》通知全文（商资发〔2026〕97号）: https://zt.www.jiyuan.gov.cn/zsyz/wstz_zsyz/zcfb/t1008712.html
  • 上海市人民政府外事办公室 — 《上海资讯周报》涉外资讯一站式服务（2026年9月第1期）: https://wsb.sh.gov.cn/ztzl/shzxzb/20260902/d2eb54ce238e4d6d9f5bcac6e428f6e6.html
  • 蒙城县人民政府（转载）— 中华人民共和国药品管理法实施条例（分段生产条款全文）: https://www.mengcheng.gov.cn/XxgkContent/show/3008349.html

相关阅读

  • 见：药品分段生产试点机制要点（segmented-pharma-production）
  • 见：外商独资医院试点要求（foreign-owned-hospital-pilot）
Admission Approval / 准入审批, Policy Updates / 政策动态

CIFTIS 2026: the services-opening architecture foreign investors should read from the fair

  • The 2026 China International Fair for Trade in Services (CIFTIS, 服贸会) ran 9–13 September in Beijing with 90 countries and international organisations exhibiting, more than 1,830 enterprises exhibiting offline, and 473 Fortune Global 500 and industry-leading companies participating — the first national services-trade flagship event of the 15th Five-Year opening year.
    2026年中国国际服务贸易交易会（服贸会）于9月9日至13日在北京举办：90个国家和国际组织设展办会、1830余家企业线下参展、473家世界500强和行业龙头企业参会——”十五五”开局之年首场国家级服务贸易综合型展会。
  • The Ministry of Commerce framed its services-opening agenda around completing the cross-border services trade negative list system: dismantling cross-border services trade barriers while enabling the convenient and secure cross-border movement of the people, funds and data that services trade depends on.
    商务部把服务业开放议程聚焦在跨境服务贸易负面清单管理制度的深化落地：破除跨境服务贸易壁垒，同时推动与服务贸易密切相关的人员、资金、数据等要素便利、安全地跨境流动。
  • Beijing extended its data-export negative list from the free trade zone to the whole city: the list now covers 9 industry sectors, 67 business scenarios and 612 data fields, and during the fair the Chaoyang district authorities disclosed that Merck, Advanced Bionics and the Korean federation of credit-bank entities are among the companies that completed negative-list filings there.
    北京将数据出境负面清单适用范围从自贸试验区拓展到全市域：清单覆盖9个行业领域、67个业务场景、612个字段；服贸会期间朝阳区披露默沙东、澳科利耳、韩国农协银行等企业已在当地完成数据出境负面清单备案。
  • A Beijing services-sector expansion implementation plan was released at the fair, alongside a Beijing overseas comprehensive service platform and an English-language smart cultural-tourism service platform — deepening the capital’s role as the national comprehensive demonstration zone for services opening.
    服贸会上发布了北京市服务业扩能提质实施方案，并同步推出北京海外综合服务平台与”游在中国·北京”英文智慧文旅服务平台——巩固北京作为国家服务业扩大开放综合示范区的角色。
  • The institutional base keeps widening: the revised Foreign Trade Law is in force providing the legal footing for cross-border services and digital trade, and the 240-hour visa-free transit policy now covers 57 countries — both cited at the fair as the access layer beneath the negative-list system.
    制度底座持续加宽：新修订的对外贸易法已施行，为跨境服务贸易与数字贸易提供法律基座；240小时过境免签政策适用国家已增至57国——两者在会上被并列为负面清单制度之下的”准入层”。
  • For services FIEs, the fair’s signal is that access is shifting from entry approval to operating-filing mechanics: negative-list filing for data flows, sector-specific scenario lists and city-level demonstration-zone treatment are now the practical instruments to structure a services business around.
    对服务业外资企业而言，服贸会释放的信号是：准入正从”进门审批”转向”准营备案”——数据流动的负面清单备案、分行业场景清单与城市级示范区待遇，才是搭建服务业业务的现实工具。

CIFTIS 2026: the services-opening architecture foreign investors should read from the fair | 2026年服贸会：外资企业应读懂的服务业开放架构

Overview

The 2026 China International Fair for Trade in Services (中国国际服务贸易交易会) was held 9–13 September 2026 at Beijing’s Shougang Park. As the first national-level comprehensive services-trade event of the 15th Five-Year Plan’s opening year, it drew 90 countries and international organisations, more than 1,830 offline exhibitors and 473 Fortune Global 500 and industry-leading companies, with the Global Services Trade Summit co-hosted for the first time by UNCTAD and WIPO together with the Beijing municipal government and the Ministry of Commerce.

Policy-wise, the fair functioned as the year’s clearest statement of where China’s services-sector opening for foreign investors is heading: a cross-border services trade negative list moving from design into enforcement, city-level data-export negative lists expanding beyond free trade zones, and service-oriented platforms being rolled out to operationalise both.

The negative-list line from MOFCOM

The Ministry of Commerce’s messaging at the fair centred on the cross-border services trade negative list system (跨境服务贸易负面清单管理制度): completing the system, dismantling barriers to cross-border trade in services, and enabling the convenient and secure cross-border movement of people, funds and data — the three inputs every tradable service depends on.

The ministry summarised its 15th Five-Year services-trade direction as three “news”: cultivating new drivers (R&D, design, testing, maintenance and supply-chain services integrated with manufacturing, plus professional services in finance, law, consulting, accounting and IP); expanding new market space through bilateral and regional platforms and services-trade cooperation agreements; and improving the environment through the negative list and factor-mobility work.

Beijing’s citywide data-export negative list

The most concrete operating development was Beijing’s extension of its data-export negative list applicability from the free trade zone to the whole city: the list covers 9 industry sectors, 67 business scenarios and 612 data fields. During the fair, the Chaoyang district authorities disclosed that companies including Merck, Advanced Bionics (澳科利耳) and the Korean federation of credit-bank entities had completed negative-list filings in the district — making it the area with the most landed filing cases in Beijing.

For foreign-invested data-intensive service operators — hospitals, banks, research organisations, connected-product businesses — a citywide negative list converts what used to be case-by-case export authorisations into scenario-based filing, where the listed scenarios and fields define what may leave the country under what conditions.

The fair’s institutional frame

Speakers and reporting at the fair situated these measures on a widening institutional base: the revised Foreign Trade Law is in force and provides the legal footing for cross-border services trade and digital trade; successive rounds of foreign-investment negative-list revision have shortened sectoral restrictions; the national comprehensive pilot for services-sector opening keeps expanding; and the 240-hour visa-free transit policy now covers 57 countries, easing the movement of the people on which services delivery runs.

The Beijing service package

Beijing used the fair to release the Beijing services-sector expansion and quality improvement implementation plan, launch a Beijing overseas comprehensive service platform, and roll out an English-language smart cultural-tourism service platform (“Tour in China · Beijing”). The investment-promotion track produced results as well: the “Invest in Beijing” roadshow signed 36 key projects across technology innovation, smart manufacturing and modern services.

What this means for foreign-invested services groups

  • Track the cross-border services negative list as an operating tool, not a headline. Where your service is delivered cross-border (not via local establishment), the list defines what is permitted; the compliance question shifts from “can we enter” to “does our delivery mode and payment/data flow sit inside a listed scenario”.
  • Assess the Beijing data negative list filing. Groups with Beijing operations in the nine covered sectors should map their cross-border data flows against the 67 scenarios and 612 fields and test filing eligibility; the Chaoyang precedents show banks, medtech and pharma cases going through.
  • Use the demonstration-zone architecture. Beijing’s national comprehensive demonstration zone status carries sector pilot treatments that are not available nationwide; structuring a China services business inside the zone can widen the permitted perimeter.
  • Align people-movement planning with the visa-free expansion. The 57-country 240-hour transit window supports short-cycle service delivery, client meetings and after-sales rotations without full work-authorisation procedures.
  • Watch the implementation plan. The Beijing services expansion plan will spawn sectoral implementing measures; services FIEs should track the items relevant to their licence perimeter.

Sources

  • 人民网 — 写在2026年服贸会闭幕之际：让”中国服务”在这里亮相（2026年9月13日，含负面清单深化、240小时免签57国、制度型开放表述）: https://finance.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2026/0913/c1004-40797856.html
  • 中国网 — 开放合作，培育更多”中国服务”品牌（2026年9月9日，含服贸会规模、服务业扩能提质与国家服务贸易创新发展示范区表述）: https://big5.china.com.cn/gate/big5/news.china.com.cn/2026-09/09/content_118688013.shtml
  • 人民网北京频道 — 2026年中国国际服务贸易交易会即将开幕（2026年9月8日，含峰会主办方、专题展与配套安排）: https://bj.people.com.cn/n2/2026/0908/c14540-41690072.html

Related reading

  • see also: the cross-border services trade negative list explained (cross-border-services-negative-list)
  • see also: services opening demonstration zones and FIE treatment (services-opening-demonstration-zones)

2026年服贸会：外资企业应读懂的服务业开放架构

概述

2026年中国国际服务贸易交易会（服贸会）于2026年9月9日至13日在北京首钢园举办。作为”十五五”开局之年首场国家级服务贸易综合型展会，本届服贸会吸引90个国家和国际组织设展办会、1830余家企业线下参展、473家世界500强和行业龙头企业参会；全球服务贸易峰会首次由联合国贸发会议、世界知识产权组织两个国际组织与北京市政府、商务部共同主办。

从政策角度看，本届服贸会是观察中国服务业对外资开放走向的一年中最清晰窗口：跨境服务贸易负面清单从制度设计进入执行检验，城市级数据出境负面清单走出自贸区扩至全市，服务型平台同步落地以支撑两者运转。

商务部的负面清单主线

商务部在会上的表态以跨境服务贸易负面清单管理制度为中心：完善制度、破除跨境服务贸易壁垒，同时推动与服务贸易密切相关的人员、资金、数据等要素便利、安全地跨境流动——三者是任何一项可贸易服务赖以运转的投入。

商务部将”十五五”服务贸易施策方向概括为三个”新”：培育贸易新动能（研发、设计、检测、维修、供应链物流等依托制造业优势的服务出口，以及金融、法律、咨询、会计、知识产权等专业服务）；依托多双边与区域经贸平台拓展市场新空间；通过负面清单与要素流动工作提升环境新水平。

北京数据出境负面清单全市域

最具操作性的进展是北京将数据出境负面清单的适用范围从自贸试验区拓展至全市域：清单覆盖9个行业领域、67个业务场景、612个字段。服贸会期间，朝阳区披露默沙东、澳科利耳、韩国农协银行等企业已在区内完成负面清单备案——朝阳区成为北京落地备案案例最多的区域。

对数据密集型服务业外资企业——医院、银行、研究机构、联网产品企业——全市域负面清单把过去逐案出境审批转变为基于场景的备案：清单所列场景与字段划定了数据在何种条件下可以出境。

服贸会给出的制度框架

会上各方把上述措施置于不断加宽的制度底座之上：新修订的对外贸易法已施行，为跨境服务贸易、数字贸易提供法律基座；外资准入负面清单多轮修订持续压缩限制；国家服务业扩大开放综合试点持续推进；240小时过境免签政策适用国家已增至57国——为服务交付所依赖的人员流动降门槛。

北京的”服务包”

北京市借助服贸会发布了服务业扩能提质实施方案，上线北京海外综合服务平台与”游在中国·北京”英文智慧文旅服务平台。投资促进线同样有产出：”投资北京”主题推介会现场签约36个重点项目，覆盖科技创新、智能制造、现代服务等领域。

对服务业外资集团的启示

  • 把跨境服务贸易负面清单当作运营工具而非新闻标题。 以跨境交付方式（而非本地商业存在）提供服务时，清单界定”什么可以做”；合规问题从”能否进入”转为”我们的交付模式与资金、数据流动是否落在所列场景内”。
  • 评估北京数据负面清单备案。 在京开展九大覆盖行业内业务的企业，应把跨境数据流与67个场景、612个字段做映射测试备案资格；朝阳区的先行案例显示银行、医疗科技与医药企业均已走通。
  • 用好示范区架构。 北京国家服务业扩大开放综合示范区待遇含全国未普及的行业试点措施；把服务业业务布局在区内可以扩大许可边界。
  • 人员流动规划对齐免签扩围。 57国240小时过境窗口支持短周期服务交付、客户会议与售后轮换，无需完整工作许可程序。
  • 跟踪实施方案。 北京服务业扩能提质实施方案将衍生分行业落地措施；服务业外资企业应跟踪与自身许可边界相关的条目。

来源

  • 人民网 — 写在2026年服贸会闭幕之际：让”中国服务”在这里亮相（2026年9月13日）: https://finance.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2026/0913/c1004-40797856.html
  • 中国网 — 开放合作，培育更多”中国服务”品牌（2026年9月9日）: https://big5.china.com.cn/gate/big5/news.china.com.cn/2026-09/09/content_118688013.shtml
  • 人民网北京频道 — 2026年中国国际服务贸易交易会即将开幕（2026年9月8日）: https://bj.people.com.cn/n2/2026/0908/c14540-41690072.html

相关阅读

  • 见：跨境服务贸易负面清单解读（cross-border-services-negative-list）
  • 见：服务业开放示范区与外资待遇（services-opening-demonstration-zones）
Deregistration / 注销清算, Setup Process / 设立流程

The 2026 registration standards are fully in force: what they change for FIE deregistrations, migrations and agents

  • The State Administration for Market Regulation’s 2026 editions of the Business Entity Registration Document Standards and the Registration Submission Material Standards (issued 6 January 2026, in force for registrations from 1 May 2026) are now fully operational, reshaping how incorporations, changes, deregistrations and migrations are papered.
    市场监管总局《经营主体登记文书规范（2026年版）》《经营主体登记提交材料规范（2026年版）》（2026年1月6日印发，2026年5月1日起办理登记时使用）现已全面落地，重塑设立、变更、注销、迁移各类登记的文书与材料规则。
  • Deregistration paperwork was consolidated: the previous 15 separate review forms for different entity and business types — including the separate deregistration review sheet — were merged into a single Business Entity Registration (Filing) Review Form applicable to all registrations and filings.
    注销文书被整合：原按经营主体类型、登记业务类型划分的15类审核文书（含单独的注销登记审核表）合并为统一的《经营主体登记（备案）审核表》，适用于各类经营主体的登记、备案业务。
  • Migration became a one-stop procedure: the entity applies to the destination registration authority only, which sends the file-transfer letter to the outgoing authority — no more returning to the transferring locality to retrieve registration archives — with change registration folded into the migration step.
    迁移登记改为”一次办”：经营主体只需向迁入地登记机关申请，由迁入地向迁出地发送调档函，无需再到迁出地重复申请调取登记档案；迁移环节还增加变更登记内容，可一并办理。
  • Real-name confirmation is now papered and auditable: the document standards add a real-name confirmation form recording the applicant’s confirmation of identity and the linkage to the registration matter, and sensitive fields — ID numbers, home addresses, mobile numbers — are placed on a separate page to strengthen personal-information protection.
    实名登记确认形成可核查文书：文书规范新增实名登记确认表格，记录申请人对身份及登记业务关联性、一致性的确认情况；身份证件号码、住所、移动电话等敏感信息单独列页，强化个人信息保护。
  • Registration agents must now show their credentials in the paperwork: the standards implement the Measures on Business Entity Registration Applications and Agency Conduct by requiring agencies and their staff to declare agency identity in the forms, collecting additional information on agencies and agents, and strengthening credit commitments and legal-liability notices.
    登记代理须在文书中”亮身份”：按《经营主体登记申请及代理行为管理办法》，文书规范要求中介机构及人员表明代理身份，增加对中介机构及人员的信息采集项目，完善信用承诺与法律责任告知。
  • Local implementation is live: Zhongshan’s market-regulation authority issued a notice on 15 September 2026 operationalising the agency-conduct measures — agents must complete filing on the national registration-agent information system and sign written mandates before undertaking paid agency work, with false filings, fake addresses and unauthorised signatures expressly banned.
    地方执行已经展开：中山市市场监督管理局2026年9月15日发布通告落实代理行为管理办法——代理机构和个人须通过全国经营主体登记注册代理人信息系统完成备案、与委托人签订书面授权协议后方可承接营利性代理业务，严禁虚假材料、虚假挂靠地址、擅自代签代刻。

The 2026 registration standards are fully in force: what they change for FIE deregistrations, migrations and agents | 2026年版登记规范全面落地：外资企业注销、迁移与登记代理的新纸面规则

Overview

Two regulatory instruments now govern the paperwork of every registration made at China’s market-regulation authorities: the Business Entity Registration Document Standards (2026 Edition) and the Business Entity Registration Submission Material Standards (2026 Edition), issued by the State Administration for Market Regulation (市场监管总局) on 6 January 2026 and applied to all registrations and filings handled from 1 May 2026. They replace the 2022 editions, and their implementation period is now complete — local authorities have switched systems, and in September 2026 implementation notices are appearing at city level.

For foreign-invested enterprises the practical touchpoints are deregistration, cross-district migration, restructuring filings and the conduct of the agencies that prepare such filings.

What changed in the document and material standards

The revision serves the amended Company Law and the Company Registration Management Implementation Measures. The headline changes:

  • Capital and governance fields. The document standards now capture shareholders’ capital-contribution deadlines; the material standards add and refine materials for capital-change registrations arising from shareholder forfeiture of rights (股东失权) and capital reductions to cover losses (弥补亏损减资).
  • Real-name confirmation. A dedicated confirmation form records the applicant’s verification of identity and the linkage between the person and the registration matter — an anti-fraud measure against impersonated filings. Sensitive personal fields sit on a separate page.
  • Migration one-stop. The migration application is now addressed to the destination authority, which obtains the registration archive via an inter-authority transfer letter; the entity no longer applies twice. Change registration is folded into the migration workflow.
  • Consolidated review forms. Fifteen separate review documents by entity and business type were merged into one Business Entity Registration (Filing) Review Form.
  • Agency transparency. Agencies and their personnel must declare agency identity in the paperwork; additional information items and credit-commitment content apply, with express legal-liability notification.
  • Online archiving. Registration authorities may generate archival documents directly from applicant-submitted data for fully electronic filings, with electronic signature and real-name confirmation status recorded in place of signature images.

The agency-conduct layer: national measures, local notices

The standards implement the Measures on Business Entity Registration Applications and Agency Conduct (《经营主体登记申请及代理行为管理办法》). In a notice dated 15 September 2026, the Zhongshan municipal market-regulation authority summarised the compliance perimeter now enforced on paid registration agents:

  • Agents must complete identity filing through the national business entity registration agent information system (全国经营主体登记注册代理人信息系统) and declare agency identity via the “I want to declare agency identity” module of the national registration services portal (dj.samr.gov.cn); unfiled parties may not undertake paid agency business.
  • A written mandate with the client, specifying the agency matters and each party’s responsibilities, is required before filings are submitted on the client’s behalf.
  • Agents must retain the mandates, contact and identity information, and due-diligence records.
  • Expressly prohibited: impersonating identities or forging signatures to file incorporations, changes or deregistrations; selling fraudulent registered addresses under slogans like “no-address licences” or “fast certificates”; and unauthorised signing of registration documents, carving of seals, or disposal of registration-related rights.

What this means for foreign-invested enterprises

  • Deregistration filings get simpler paper but stricter identity checks. The consolidated review form reduces document variety, but every signatory on a deregistration or liquidation filing will pass real-name confirmation; prepare the liquidation group’s identity documentation early.
  • Restructurings that move an entity between districts are cheaper to execute. Migration no longer requires a second application in the transferring locality — relevant for groups consolidating registered addresses or moving entities into pilot zones.
  • Vet your registration agent. Paid agents must now be filed on the national agent system and work under written mandates; foreign-invested groups should verify their agents’ filing status and keep the mandate documents on file, and decline “guaranteed-address” or “same-day-certificate” offers.
  • Capital-workflow filings have new material sets. Where the new Company Law’s forfeiture and loss-coverage capital-reduction mechanisms are used, the 2026 material standards define the submission package; company secretaries should update closing checklists.
  • Sensitive-information handling is standardised. ID numbers, addresses and mobile numbers travel on a separate page of the forms — a data-minimisation practice that also narrows who inside an agency sees personal data.

Sources

  • 宁阳县人民政府 — 【上级政策解读】2026年新版经营主体登记规范（2026年9月3日，转载市场监管总局文书规范与材料规范修订要点）: http://www.ny.gov.cn/art/2026/9/3/art_171925_10371862.html
  • 中山市人民政府（中山市市场监督管理局）— 关于规范经营主体登记申请及代理行为的通告（2026年9月15日，代理备案、书面授权与禁止行为清单）: https://www.zs.gov.cn/zszjj/gkmlpt/content/2/2650/post_2650415.html
  • 全国经营主体登记注册服务网 — 市场监管总局登记注册服务平台（”我要表明代理身份”模块所在官方入口）: https://dj.samr.gov.cn

Related reading

  • see also: enterprise deregistration guidelines and liquidation procedure (enterprise-deregistration-guidelines)
  • see also: registered capital under the new Company Law (registered-capital-new-company-law)

2026年版登记规范全面落地：外资企业注销、迁移与登记代理的新纸面规则

概述

两份监管文件现已支配中国市场监管部门各类登记的文书与材料：市场监管总局2026年1月6日印发的《经营主体登记文书规范（2026年版）》与《经营主体登记提交材料规范（2026年版）》，自2026年5月1日起用于各类登记、备案业务，同步废止2022年版。目前换用期已经结束——各地登记机关已完成系统改造，2026年9月市级层面的落实通告陆续出现。

对外资企业而言，实际接触点是注销、跨区迁移、重组备案，以及为这些业务制作材料的登记代理机构的行为规范。

文书与材料规范改了什么

本次修订服务于新修订《公司法》及《公司登记管理实施办法》。要点如下：

  • 资本与治理字段。 文书规范增加采集股东出资期限信息；材料规范补充完善因股东失权、弥补亏损减资等办理注册资本变更登记的材料。
  • 实名登记确认。 新增实名登记确认表格，记录申请人对身份及登记业务关联性、一致性的确认情况——防范虚假冒名登记；身份证件号码、住所、移动电话等敏感信息单独列页。
  • 迁移一次办。 迁移申请只需向迁入地登记机关提出，由迁入地向迁出地发送调档函调取登记档案，经营主体无需往返；迁移环节还增加变更登记内容。
  • 审核文书整合。 原按经营主体类型、登记业务类型划分的15类审核文书（含注销登记审核表）整合为《经营主体登记（备案）审核表》。
  • 代理透明化。 中介机构及人员须在文书中表明代理身份；增加信息采集项目与信用承诺内容，强化法律责任告知。
  • 线上归档。 全程电子化登记可直接依申请人填报数据生成存档文书，以电子签名、实名确认状态记录替代签名印章图案。

代理行为层：国家办法、地方通告

文书材料规范落实《经营主体登记申请及代理行为管理办法》。中山市市场监督管理局2026年9月15日发布通告，明确了营利性登记代理现已被强制执行的合规边界：

  • 代理机构和个人须通过全国经营主体登记注册代理人信息系统完成代理身份备案，并通过全国登记注册服务网（dj.samr.gov.cn）”我要表明代理身份”模块填报；未完成备案不得承接营利性代理业务。
  • 开展代理业务前必须与委托人签订书面授权协议，明确代理事项与双方权责。
  • 代理人应当保存授权文件、联系方式、身份信息及尽职调查记录。
  • 明令禁止：冒用他人身份信息、伪造签名代办设立、变更（备案）、注销登记；以”无地址办照””快速下证”为噱头兜售虚假挂靠地址；擅自代签登记文书、代刻公章、违规处置登记相关权益。

对外资企业的启示

  • 注销申报纸面更简、身份核验更严。 审核表整合减少文书种类，但注销与清算文件上的每一位签字人都将经过实名确认；应尽早准备清算组成员身份材料。
  • 跨区重组的执行成本下降。 迁移不再需要在迁出地二次申请——对集团整合注册地址或将主体迁入试点区域的做法直接相关。
  • 审查你的登记代理。 营利性代理须完成全国系统备案并在书面授权下执业；外资集团应核验代理备案状态、留存授权文件，拒绝”包地址””快下证”式服务。
  • 资本流程材料有新清单。 使用新《公司法》股东失权、弥补亏损减资机制时，2026年版材料规范规定了申报材料包；公司秘书应更新交割清单。
  • 敏感信息处理已标准化。 证件号码、住所、移动电话在文书中单独列页——既是数据最小化实践，也收窄了代理机构内部接触个人数据的范围。

来源

  • 宁阳县人民政府 — 【上级政策解读】2026年新版经营主体登记规范（2026年9月3日）: http://www.ny.gov.cn/art/2026/9/3/art_171925_10371862.html
  • 中山市人民政府（中山市市场监督管理局）— 关于规范经营主体登记申请及代理行为的通告（2026年9月15日）: https://www.zs.gov.cn/zszjj/gkmlpt/content/2/2650/post_2650415.html
  • 全国经营主体登记注册服务网 — 市场监管总局登记注册服务平台官方入口: https://dj.samr.gov.cn

相关阅读

  • 见：企业注销指引与清算程序（enterprise-deregistration-guidelines）
  • 见：新公司法下的注册资本制度（registered-capital-new-company-law）