- The Measures for Domestic Entities Withholding VAT on Natural Persons, an annex to Announcement No. 28 of 2026, took effect on 1 November 2026.
财政部、税务总局公告 2026 年第 28 号所附《境内单位代扣代缴自然人增值税管理办法》,自 2026 年 11 月 1 日起施行。
- A domestic entity that buys research and development, software, design, consulting, broadcasting and film production, cultural or education services from a natural person becomes the withholding agent.
境内单位向自然人购买研发、软件、设计、咨询、广播影视节目(作品)制作、文化、教育服务,即成为扣缴义务人。
- Withholding is triggered when the single-day sales amount reaches the Per-Transaction Threshold, but a return must still be filed when nothing was withheld.
当次(日)销售额达到按次纳税起征点时触发代扣,但未发生代扣的,仍须办理申报。
- Surcharges are withheld together with VAT, and the amount is paid within 15 days of the following month.
附加税费随增值税一并扣缴,并在次月 15 日内解缴。
- The obligation is statutory: a contract clause making the service provider bear all taxes does not move it.
该义务是法定的:约定由服务提供方承担全部税费的条款,并不能转移这项义务。
- Where the natural person has already paid the tax, no withholding is due, but an invoice is still needed for the corporate income tax deduction.
自然人已缴纳税款的,不再代扣,但企业所得税税前扣除仍需取得发票。
Withholding VAT on Natural Person Service Providers: What Changes for Foreign-Invested Buyers | 境内单位代扣代缴自然人增值税:外资企业采购个人服务的扣缴流程
Overview
The Ministry of Finance and the State Taxation Administration published the Measures for Domestic Entities Withholding VAT on Natural Persons as an annex to Announcement No. 28 of 2026. The measures took effect on 1 November 2026.
For a foreign-invested company the practical effect is a shift in who does the paperwork. Previously the consultant paid the tax and had an invoice issued in their own name. Now the company buying the service is the withholding agent: it withholds, files and pays, on its own monthly cycle.
What the measure covers
Article 1 lists the services: research and development, software, design, consulting, broadcasting and film and television programme production, culture, and education — the qualifying taxable transactions. Specific scope follows Announcement No. 9 of 2026.
Article 2 defines the payer as the domestic entity that is the purchaser. Consideration covers the full price corresponding to economic benefits in monetary and non-monetary form, so in-kind elements do not sit outside the measure.
The counterparty is a natural person, not a company: an individual consultant, a freelance designer and a sole practitioner trainer all fall inside; a domestic company providing the same service does not.
The four mechanics
Trigger. Where the natural person’s transaction with a single withholding agent reaches the per-transaction threshold that day, the agent withholds at payment; if the tax was paid, no withholding is due.
Surcharge. Surcharges are withheld with VAT, in one calculation.
Deadline. The tax period is one month; the agent files and pays within 15 days of the following month’s first day. The return form is prescribed by Announcement No. 19 of 2026: the date of the withholding obligation is given to the day, and several dates for one person go on separate lines.
Correction. Where a sales allowance, suspension or return changes the amount, the agent corrects the return for that period, not the next one.
Filing even when nothing was withheld
Under Article 6, where the day’s sales amount is below the threshold, an exemption applies, or no withholding is required because the tax was paid, the agent must still file.
A company can withhold nothing all month and still owe a nil return. This turns a working payment process into a penalty exposure: the payment team sees no tax movement, the tax team never hears of it.
The fix is procedural: payment approval must notify tax whenever a natural-person service invoice is processed, whether or not tax was withheld.
The invoice and the deduction
Article 5 settles double payment: where VAT has been withheld, the natural person does not pay again when applying for an invoice; if they do not apply, the agent may remind them.
Withholding does not remove the need for an invoice, which in practice remains the voucher for the corporate income tax deduction, so the reminder is a control rather than a courtesy.
Two withholdings, calculated separately
Buying services from an individual also triggers individual income tax withholding on remuneration for services. The two run in parallel, are calculated separately, and neither offsets the other.
One payment instruction therefore needs two determinations, possibly on different cycles. Treating the measure as a replacement for the individual income tax process produces double counting or under-withholding.
Why this is a contract problem
Agreements with individual consultants commonly say that all taxes are borne by the consultant. That can allocate the economic burden; it cannot change who the withholding agent is, because that status is assigned by the measure.
In a dispute, if the company fails to withhold and the authority pursues the tax, the clause gives a claim against the consultant, not an answer to the authority. Drafting should separate who bears the cost from who performs the obligation. Only the first is negotiable.
Two boundaries: Article 14 excludes individuals working through a platform that files on their behalf; Article 15 leaves transactions from 1 January to 31 October 2026 to the natural person, who declares under Article 44 of the VAT Law Implementing Regulations.
Practical checklist
- Amend the consultant agreement: withholding arrangement, identity details, cost clause apart from the obligation.
- Gate payment approval: payments to natural persons for listed services route to tax.
- Keep a ledger by payment date: the return is monthly, the trigger daily.
- Confirm which entity is the purchaser; the obligation attaches to it, not to the group.
- Retain invoice, calculation and filing record together; a nil month still needs one.
Outlook
The measure moves collection upstream, from the individual’s visit to the tax office to the buyer’s return. For groups with many small engagements, cost and risk move to procurement and tax.
Related reading
- Article 359 covers VAT on labour dispatch — supplied labour through an intermediary.
Sources
- 江苏省税务局·12366 热点问答(含起征点与施行日期):https://jiangsu.chinatax.gov.cn/art/2026/10/12/art_8353_1791332.html
- 深圳市税务局·问答(含第一条范围原文):https://shenzhen.chinatax.gov.cn/sztax/lyhf/202610/fc631bf1e27b48aa953375a5ccc3841a.shtml
- 甘肃省税务局·问答(含第五条、第十五条原文):http://gansu.chinatax.gov.cn/art/2026/9/10/art_75_476972.html
- 国家税务总局 12366 纳税服务平台·答复:https://12366.chinatax.gov.cn/nszx/onlinemessage/detail?id=fbfe39593caa4745b006f0e06c343507
- 国家税务总局·政策文件:https://www.chinatax.gov.cn/
境内单位代扣代缴自然人增值税:外资企业采购个人服务的扣缴流程
概述
财政部、税务总局发布公告 2026 年第 28 号,附件为《境内单位代扣代缴自然人增值税管理办法》,自 2026 年 11 月 1 日起施行。办法全文不长,条文集中在扣缴范围、触发条件、申报期限与过渡安排四件事上。它管的是增值税这一个税种,但一次付款往往牵动多个税种,所以真正要改的是流程,而不是某一张申报表。
对在华外资企业而言,实际影响是”谁去跑手续”发生了变化。此前,企业按项目聘请个人顾问,通常由该个人到税务机关缴税、以自己名义代开发票,企业取得发票后列支成本。新办法实施后,购买服务的境内单位成为扣缴义务人:由企业扣、由企业申报、由企业解缴,并且按月并入自己的申报节奏。义务由此从供应商一侧转到采购方一侧,而交易对手并不在企业控制之下。
对多数外资企业来说,这不是一个新税种,而是一次征收方式的调整:税负本身没有变化,变的是由谁申报、在什么时点申报,以及一旦漏报由谁承担后果。
扣缴义务的性质值得说重一些:它不是”帮忙代付”,而是一项独立的法律义务:判断标准、申报期限、资料留存都由办法规定,与合同怎么签没有关系。企业过去对个人供应商的管理方式——收票、付款、归档——在新办法下不再够用,需要往前提一步。
办法覆盖什么
第一条列举了服务范围:研发服务、软件服务、设计服务、咨询服务、广播影视节目(作品)制作服务、文化服务、教育服务,统称符合规定的应税交易。各项的具体范围,按《财政部 税务总局关于增值税征税具体范围有关事项的公告》(财政部 税务总局公告 2026 年第 9 号)执行。也就是说,范围不是靠这七类名称自行解释,而要回到第 9 号公告去找边界。
第二条界定付款方。”支付价款的境内单位”,指作为应税交易购买方的境内单位。价款不限于货币:它包括货币和非货币形式经济利益对应的全部价款。以股权或者实物折抵的部分,因此也不在办法之外,不能因为”没走银行”就认为不在范围内。
交易对手是自然人,不是公司。个人顾问、自由职业设计师、独立执业培训师都在范围内;提供同样服务的境内公司不在范围内。这条界线看起来清楚,实务中却常被”个人工作室”这类主体形态模糊掉,签约前应先看清对方登记为什么主体、发票由谁开具。
把这三条放在一起看,外资企业最常见的几类采购几乎都在范围内:市场部门聘请的自由摄影师与插画师、研发部门按项目聘请的外部专家、人力资源部门请来做内训的独立讲师。它们的共同特征是:合同主体是个人,付的是服务费,不是工资。
四项机制
触发。 自然人与单一扣缴义务人发生符合规定的应税交易,当次(日)销售额达到按次纳税起征点的,扣缴义务人在支付价款时代扣增值税;自然人已缴纳税款的,无需代扣。
附加。 扣缴增值税时,应同时扣缴附加税费,一次计算、一次解缴,不需要为附加单独跑一次申报。
期限。 计税期间为一个月,扣缴义务人应自发生应税交易次月 1 日起 15 日内,向主管税务机关办理扣缴申报并缴纳税款。申报表由国家税务总局公告 2026 年第 19 号公布,附填报说明:其中”扣缴义务发生日期”一栏须具体到年月日;同一自然人多日发生应税交易的,按不同日期分行填写。
更正。 因销售折让、中止或者退回导致应扣缴增值税发生变化的,应当更正扣缴当期的扣缴申报,而不是在下一期冲抵。
四项机制里,前两项决定”扣多少”,后两项决定”什么时候交、交错了怎么改”。真正容易出问题的往往是后两项,因为它们跨部门、跨系统,而扣多少通常还有财务系统兜底。申报表要求填到”日”,也说明征管是按日建账的:申报按月,但每一笔的时点都要能被还原。期限这一项还有一个连带影响:它把自然人服务的扣缴并入了企业原有的增值税申报节奏,不需要另建一套申报日历,但需要在原有流程里多留一道核对。
没有代扣也要申报
当次(日)销售额未达到起征点、适用免征增值税政策,或者按第三条规定无需代扣的,扣缴义务人仍应按第五条办理申报。这是第六条,也是最容易被漏掉的一条:它的存在本身,就是对”没扣就不用管”这一假设的否定。
这一条的杀伤力在于它与直觉相反。企业可能整月一分钱没扣,却仍然欠一份申报。让一个运转良好的付款流程变成处罚风险的,往往就是这一项:付款团队看到没有税款变动,税务团队压根不知道发生过这笔交易。
补救办法在流程而不在技术:付款审批环节只要处理到自然人服务发票,无论是否代扣,都应同步通知税务岗。这个动作成本很低,但需要写进制度,否则只能依赖个人记性,而个人记性恰恰是流程里最不可靠的一环。反过来说,只要当月发生过一笔这样的付款,就不存在”这个月不用管”的情况。
发票与税前扣除
第五条同时解决了重复缴税的问题。已按规定扣缴的应税交易,自然人申请代开发票时无需再次缴纳税款;自然人未申请代开发票的,扣缴义务人可以向其发起开票提醒。
代扣并不取代发票。实务中,发票仍是企业所得税税前扣除的凭证,因此开票提醒是一项控制动作,不是礼貌提醒。此外,发票信息应与已扣缴事实对得上,让两套记录相互印证,而不是各记一笔、事后对不上。对财务共享中心而言,这意味着发票、扣缴计算与申报记录要能按同一笔交易串起来;开票时间晚于付款时间的,台账要留出这段时差。对税务岗而言,最实用的控制点是”付款前看到发票”,而不是”付款后补发票”。
两套扣缴,分别计算
向个人采购服务,还会触发第二条扣缴线:劳务报酬所得的个人所得税。两套扣缴并行办理、分别计算,互不抵减,缴了其中一套不等于履行了另一套。
操作上的后果是:一笔付款指令在放行前需要两个判断——一边是增值税及附加,一边是个人所得税——而且两者的申报周期可能不同。把新办法当成对原有个税流程的替代,结果不是重复扣,就是少扣。这一点在系统改造时尤其要写清楚:两条扣缴线共用一张付款单,但不能共用一套逻辑;两者的计算口径也不相同,不能把一个数字直接套到另一套上。
为什么这是合同问题
与个人顾问签订的服务协议里,常见一句”因本项合作产生的全部税费由顾问承担”。这类条款可以分配双方之间的经济负担,但不改变扣缴义务人是谁,因为这一身份由办法规定,不由合同约定。
这个区分在争议中很关键。企业未扣缴、税务机关追缴时,条款给企业的是向顾问追偿的请求权,而不是对税务机关的抗辩。因此起草时应把两个问题分开写:谁承担成本,谁履行义务。只有前者可以谈,后者只能照办。实务中还有一种变体:约定由顾问自行开票、企业凭票付款。这种安排在新办法下仍然可行,但它只解决凭证问题,不解决扣缴问题。
两条边界规则补完整图景。第十四条规定,互联网平台内从业人员通过平台发生符合规定的应税交易,由平台企业按规定办理代办申报的,不适用本办法。第十五条是过渡安排:2026 年 1 月 1 日至 10 月 31 日期间自然人发生的符合规定的应税交易,由自然人按《中华人民共和国增值税法实施条例》第四十四条规定自行申报纳税。这条过渡条款的实际含义是:11 月 1 日之前的存量交易,不由境内单位补扣,但仍要确认对方是否已经申报。
实操清单
- 修改个人顾问合同模板:写明扣缴安排,要求提供身份与税收居民信息,并把成本承担条款与义务履行条款分开表述。
- 在付款审批中加一道闸:向自然人支付列举范围内服务的款项,放行前转税务岗确认。
- 按付款日期建立扣缴台账,因为申报按月,而触发按次(日)。
- 确认签约主体是谁,义务落在购买方实体上,不落在集团层面。
- 发票、扣缴计算与申报记录合并留存;零税款的月份同样需要申报记录。
- 对 11 月 1 日前的存量个人服务交易做一次抽查,确认对方已按规定自行申报。
- 在合同、付款、申报三个环节各设一个检查点,比集中培训一次更管用。
- 把”是否属于列举范围”做成付款系统的选项,而不是靠人工判断。判断看的是交易性质,不是付款名目;把”顾问费”改称”服务费”,结论不变。
展望
办法把个人服务环节的增值税征收前移:从自然人跑税务局,变成购买方按月申报。对存在大量小额合作——设计、研发、技术咨询、培训——的集团而言,合规成本从供应商一侧转移到采购与税务一侧,风险也随之转移,而且转移得更快。需要提前做的,不是等第一笔业务发生,而是把合同模板与付款流程先改到位。过渡期之前的存量交易,办法已交回自然人自行申报,企业要做的是确认,而不是补扣。对采购量大的企业,最省事的做法是把判断前移到供应商准入环节:新签个人顾问时一次性录入身份、居民状态与开票方式,后续每笔付款按规则分流。
延伸阅读
- 本库第 359 篇写的是劳务派遣的增值税处理,问题不同:那是通过企业中介提供劳动力,而不是直接向自然人采购服务。两篇可以对照读,但不要把结论混用。
来源
- 江苏省税务局·12366 热点问答(含起征点与施行日期):https://jiangsu.chinatax.gov.cn/art/2026/10/12/art_8353_1791332.html
- 深圳市税务局·问答(含第一条范围原文):https://shenzhen.chinatax.gov.cn/sztax/lyhf/202610/fc631bf1e27b48aa953375a5ccc3841a.shtml
- 甘肃省税务局·问答(含第五条、第十五条原文):http://gansu.chinatax.gov.cn/art/2026/9/10/art_75_476972.html
- 国家税务总局 12366 纳税服务平台·答复:https://12366.chinatax.gov.cn/nszx/onlinemessage/detail?id=fbfe39593caa4745b006f0e06c343507
- 国家税务总局·政策文件:https://www.chinatax.gov.cn/