The Unreliable Entity List (UEL) empowers Chinese authorities to restrict foreign entities that endanger China’s sovereignty, security, or development interests, through import/export bans, investment bans, and transaction/data-transfer prohibitions. 不可靠实体清单（UEL）赋予中国监管部门对危害中国主权、安全或发展利益的外国实体施加限制的权力，措施包括进出口禁令、投资禁令以及交易与数据传输禁令。 In 2025, China’s UEL Working Mechanism listed 11 U.S. firms led by Skydio (Announcement 〔2025〕 No. 7, 4 Apr 2025) and later added entities including a counter-UAS technology company and TechInsights (Announcement 〔2025〕 No. 10, 9 Oct 2025), with strict domestic transaction and data-transfer bans. 2025年，中国不可靠实体清单工作机制将Skydio领衔的11家美国企业列入清单（公告〔2025〕7号，2025-04-04），随后又将某反无人机技术公司及TechInsights等列入（公告〔2025〕10号，2025-10-09），并禁止境内组织与个人与其交易、合作及传输数据。 Export controls in China operate … Supplier Sanctions & Export Control Compliance Screening: Navigating the Unreliable Entity List and Export Controls When Sourcing in ChinaRead more
Export Control & Dual-Use Items: What Foreign Buyers Sourcing from China Must Check
China’s export-control regime is now unified under the Export Control Law (2020) and the Regulations on Export Control of Dual-Use Items (State Council Decree No.792), effective 1 December 2024. 中国的出口管制制度现已在《出口管制法》（2020）与《两用物项出口管制条例》（国务院令第792号，2024年12月1日施行）下统一。 “Dual-use items” are goods, technology and services with both civilian and military uses — the control net covers export, re-export, transit, transshipment and even certain overseas-to-overseas transfers of China-origin items. “两用物项”指兼具民用与军事用途的货物、技术和服务——管制网覆盖出口、再出口、过境、转运，甚至含中国成分物项的境外向境外转移。 The unified Dual-Use Items Export Control List (MOFCOM/MIIT/GACC/State Cryptography Administration Notice 2024 No.51) took effect the same day and … Export Control & Dual-Use Items: What Foreign Buyers Sourcing from China Must CheckRead more
Compulsory Product Certification (CCC) & Sourcing Compliance for Foreign Buyers
China Compulsory Certification (CCC, 中国强制性产品认证) is a statutory safety mark: products in the CCC catalogue cannot be imported, sold or used in China without a valid CCC certificate and the CCC mark. 中国强制性产品认证（CCC）是法定安全标志：列入 CCC 目录的产品，未取得有效 CCC 证书并标注 CCC 标志的，不得进口、销售或在其他经营活动中使用。 CCC is administered by the Certification and Accreditation Administration of China (CNCA, 国家认证认可监督管理委员会) and implemented mainly by CQC (中国质量认证中心) and other CNCA-designated bodies. CCC 由国家认证认可监督管理委员会（CNCA）主管，主要由中国质量认证中心（CQC）等 CNCA 指定机构实施。 SAMR Notice 2025 No.57 shifts 16 product categories from enterprise self-declaration to third-party CCC; … Compulsory Product Certification (CCC) & Sourcing Compliance for Foreign BuyersRead more
Supplier Due Diligence in China: a practical checklist
Supplier due diligence in China is not optional — weak vetting is the leading cause of product-recall, IP-leakage and payment-fraud losses for foreign buyers. 在华供应商尽调不是可选项——尽调薄弱是外资采购方遭遇产品召回、IP 泄露与货款欺诈损失的首要原因。 Start with the State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) enterprise credit portal (国家企业信用信息公示系统) to confirm a supplier’s legal existence, registered capital, business scope and any “abnormal operation” (经营异常) flag. 先从市场监管总局的企业信用信息公示系统核验供应商的合法存续、注册资本、经营范围及是否被列入”经营异常名录”。 Cross-check litigation and enforceement records on the Supreme People’s Court judgment document site (裁判文书网) and the Credit China portal (信用中国) for dishonest-actor (失信) listings. … Supplier Due Diligence in China: a practical checklistRead more
MOFCOM’s 2026 Counter-Sanctions List and Supplier Due Diligence for Foreign Firms
On 5 August 2026 MOFCOM enacted Order No. 2 (2026), placing six US entities on a counter-sanctions list and banning domestic organisations and individuals from transactions or cooperation with them.2026年8月5日，商务部令第2号将6家美国实体列入反制清单，禁止境内组织、个人与其交易或合作。 The listed entities include Applied DNA Sciences, Stratum Reservoir, Altana Technologies, the Responsible Business Alliance (RBA), Verite Group and Human Rights in China.被列入的实体包括应用DNA科学公司、地层水库公司、阿尔塔纳技术公司、责任商业联盟（RBA）、维泰集团与人权在中国组织。 A separate action the same day also listed Compliance Testing LLC, and the US drone-related dual-use export control was tightened — broadening the sanctions perimeter.同日另一行动还将美国合规性测试公司列入清单，并收紧对美无人机相关两用物项出口管制，拓宽制裁边界。 Foreign-invested firms … MOFCOM’s 2026 Counter-Sanctions List and Supplier Due Diligence for Foreign FirmsRead more
Supply-Chain ESG and Labour Compliance in Supplier Due Diligence for Foreign-Invested Enterprises (2026)
China’s social-responsibility and ESG framework now expects foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs) to extend due diligence beyond their own walls to the suppliers they engage. 中国的社会责任与ESG框架如今要求外商投资企业将尽职调查从自身延伸至其所合作的供应商。 The baseline is the national standard GB/T 36000-2015 (Guidance on Social Responsibility) and the CEFI-CSR reporting guide promoted by MOFCOM-affiliated bodies, which set out supplier social-responsibility admission and monitoring. 基础依据是国家标准 GB/T 36000-2015《社会责任指南》以及商务部相关机构推行的外商投资企业社会责任报告编写指南，明确了供应商社会责任准入与监测。 Labour compliance is the highest-risk dimension: forced labour, child labour, and unsafe working conditions at a supplier can trigger criminal, administrative, and reputational liability … Supply-Chain ESG and Labour Compliance in Supplier Due Diligence for Foreign-Invested Enterprises (2026)Read more
Importing Food into China: GACC overseas-facility registration and Chinese labelling (Decrees 248 & 249)
All overseas producers, processors and storage facilities of food destined for China must register with the General Administration of Customs (GACC) under Decree 248 — no registration, no import. 所有向中国出口食品的境外生产、加工、贮存企业，均须依据海关总署第 248 号令在海关总署（GACC）注册——无注册，不得进口。 Registration follows two tracks: 18 higher-risk food categories (meat, dairy, aquatic, honey, health food, etc.) are registered via the exporting country’s competent authority (recommendation), while all other foods use the simpler “enterprise self-application” mode. 注册分两条路径：18 类较高风险食品（肉、乳、水产、蜂产品、保健食品等）由出口国主管当局推荐注册；其余食品采用更简便的”企业自行申请”模式。 Decree 249 (Import/Export Food Safety Measures) governs the whole clearance chain: overseas … Importing Food into China: GACC overseas-facility registration and Chinese labelling (Decrees 248 & 249)Read more
Customs AEO Certification in China: the “green pass” for trusted traders
From 1 April 2026, China’s overhauled enterprise credit management rules (GACC Order No.282) split customs credit grades into five tiers, and both “Senior Certified” and “Certified” enterprises are now formally China’s Authorized Economic Operators (AEO). 自2026年4月1日起，新版《海关注册登记和备案企业信用管理办法》（海关总署令第282号）将信用等级优化为五级，其中”高级认证企业”与”认证企业”均被正式界定为中国的”经认证的经营者”（AEO）。 AEO is the single most valuable customs status for a foreign-invested trader: it unlocks priority clearance, fewer inspections, and mutual-recognition benefits with China’s AEO partners abroad. AEO 是外资贸易企业最值得争取的海关身份：它带来优先办理、降低查验监管频次、优化服务等便利，并可在与中国互认的海外海关享受同等通关便利。 As of end-2025, China had 6,876 AEO enterprises — just 1% of active traders, yet they … Customs AEO Certification in China: the “green pass” for trusted tradersRead more
Two-Step Customs Declaration & the 2025 Declaration Rules Overhaul
From 16 June 2025, China’s “two-step declaration” (两步申报) clearance model is available to importers at all Customs districts nationwide, selected via the Single Window or “Internet + Customs”. 自2025年6月16日起，中国进口货物”两步申报”通关模式适用范围扩大至全国海关，企业通过国际贸易”单一窗口”或”互联网+海关”选择该模式。 Announcement 2025 No.44 reform optimizes the pilot: a consolidated entry, goods may leave after summary declaration, and full declaration must be completed within 14 days of the conveyance’s inbound report or a late-declaration fee applies. 2025年第44号公告改革优化试点：整合申报入口、概要申报后货物即可提离、完整申报须于运输工具申报进境之日起14日内完成，超期征收滞报金。 The negative list for two-step declaration is dynamically adjusted; goods under import/export bans, tariff quotas, … Two-Step Customs Declaration & the 2025 Declaration Rules OverhaulRead more
Import-export licensing & customs clearance
The HS/CN code is the master key to clearance — it determines duty rate, export rebate, and supervision conditions (A/B and licence letters). HS/CN编码是清关的总钥匙——它决定关税率、出口退税率与监管条件（A/B及许可字母）。 Controlled goods need an import/export licence before release; instruments include automatic import licence, import/export licence catalogues, and tariff-rate quotas, revised yearly. 受控货物在放行前须取得进出口许可证；工具包括自动进口许可、进出口许可证目录与关税配额，目录逐年修订。 Commodity inspection yields a CIQ mark and certificate; high-risk or first-time imports may face destination inspection that briefly holds port inventory. 商品检验产生CIQ标志与证书；高风险或首次进口可能面临目的地查验，短暂占用港口库存。 Clearance runs through the Single Window (declare, review, inspect, pay duties/VAT, release) … Import-export licensing & customs clearanceRead more