Digital Trade and IP Rules Go National: Reading the Data and Standards Chapters of China’s 77-Measure FTZ Rollout
- Within the State Council’s replication of 77 pilot measures from the Shanghai Free Trade Zone, the digital trade and intellectual property blocks are the ones with the most direct bearing on foreign firms’ data and standards compliance.
在国务院将上海自贸试验区 77 条试点措施复制推广的安排中，数字贸易与知识产权两个板块与外资企业的数据合规、标准合规关系最直接。
- Under the high-standard digital trade rules block (15 measures), five measures — including drawing up a data export negative list — are replicated to other free trade zones, and ten measures — including implementing a data security management certification system — are replicated nationwide.
率先实施高标准数字贸易规则板块共 15 条，其中制定数据出境负面清单等 5 条复制推广到其他自贸试验区，实施数据安全管理认证制度等 10 条复制推广到全国。
- Under the intellectual property protection block (8 measures), all eight measures are replicated nationwide, including standardising the content of trademark registration announcements and preliminary approval announcements, and strengthening the protection of agrochemical test data.
加强知识产权保护板块共 8 条，全部复制推广到全国，包括规范商标注册公告和初步审定公告内容、加强农用化学品试验数据保护等。
- Within the services trade opening block (8 measures), four measures — including advancing the cross-border application of electronic payments — are replicated nationwide.
加快服务贸易扩大开放板块共 8 条，其中推进电子支付跨境应用等 4 条复制推广到全国。
- The China National Standardization Technical Committee for Cybersecurity released the Artificial Intelligence Security Governance Framework 3.0 in September 2026.
全国网络安全标准化技术委员会于 2026 年 9 月发布《人工智能安全治理框架 3.0》。
- SAMR sought public comment in September 2026 on the Measures for the Administration of Foreign-Language Versions of National Standards (Draft for Comment), providing that mandatory national standards, standards needed for import and export trade, and standards promoting products, technologies and services going global should be translated wherever possible; comments close on 10 October 2026.
市场监管总局 2026 年 9 月就《国家标准外文版管理办法（征求意见稿）》公开征求意见，明确强制性国家标准、进出口贸易所需标准及促进产品技术服务”走出去”的国家标准应译尽译，意见反馈截止 2026 年 10 月 10 日。
- On 10 September 2026 SAMR (the Standardization Administration of China) approved and issued 298 important national standards — 27 mandatory and 271 recommended — and on 20 September 2026 it said that during the 15th Five-Year Plan period at least 20,000 national standards would be developed or revised.
2026 年 9 月 10 日市场监管总局（国家标准委）批准发布 298 项重要国家标准（强制性 27 项、推荐性 271 项）；2026 年 9 月 20 日表示「十五五」时期将制修订国家标准不少于 2 万项。
Digital Trade and IP Rules Go National: Reading the Data and Standards Chapters of China’s 77-Measure FTZ Rollout | 数字贸易与知识产权规则走向全国：77 条自贸试验区试点措施中的数据与标准板块
Overview
The State Council has moved 77 mature, effective and risk-controllable pilot measures out of the Shanghai Free Trade Zone and into wider application. For foreign firms, the two blocks that matter most to day-to-day data and standards compliance are the high-standard digital trade rules and the intellectual property protection chapters, with a further relevant strand in the services trade opening chapter on electronic payments.
This article does not restate the full seven-part structure of the rollout. It concentrates on the digital trade and intellectual property blocks, and on the accompanying national standards and AI governance developments that give those blocks their operating content. Read together, they describe where China’s cross-border data and standards regime is being made uniform rather than experimental.
The digital trade block: 15 measures, split two ways
The high-standard digital trade rules block contains 15 measures, and its replication is split by destination:
- five measures are replicated to other free trade zones, including drawing up a data export negative list; and
- ten measures are replicated nationwide, including implementing a data security management certification system.
The split is instructive. The negative list, which is inherently a zone-level instrument tuned to local sectoral conditions, stays within the free trade zone family. The certification system, which is a national conformity assessment mechanism, is extended to the whole country. For a foreign group, the practical consequence is that the certification route becomes a nationwide compliance option, while negative-list relief remains a matter of which zone you sit in.
The quantitative thresholds that sit beneath these measures were set out by the Cyberspace Administration of China’s Questions and Answers on Policies and Regulations for Data Export Security Management (September 2026), released on 11 September 2026; that document, and the certification-versus-assessment boundary it draws, is dealt with separately and is not repeated here.
The intellectual property block: 8 measures, all nationwide
The intellectual property protection block contains 8 measures, and all eight are replicated nationwide. Two named examples show the direction of travel:
- standardising the content of trademark registration announcements and preliminary approval announcements; and
- strengthening the protection of agrochemical test data.
Both are transparency and data-protection measures rather than zone-specific concessions. Replicating them nationwide aligns trademark practice and test-data protection across the country, which matters to foreign holders of brands and of agrochemical registrations that rely on the consistency of Chinese procedures.
The electronic-payment strand in services trade
Within the services trade opening block of 8 measures, four measures are replicated nationwide, including advancing the cross-border application of electronic payments. For foreign firms in cross-border e-commerce and services, this is the strand that touches how cross-border settlement is conducted, and it moves with the same nationwide destination as the certification measures.
Standards: foreign-language versions and volume targets
The standards work runs alongside the digital trade measures. In September 2026, SAMR sought public comment on the Measures for the Administration of Foreign-Language Versions of National Standards (Draft for Comment). The draft provides that mandatory national standards, standards needed for import and export trade, and standards promoting products, technologies and services going global should be translated wherever possible (应译尽译). Comments close on 10 October 2026.
Two further data points set the scale. On 10 September 2026, SAMR (the Standardization Administration of China) approved and issued 298 important national standards, of which 27 are mandatory and 271 are recommended. On 20 September 2026, at a State Council Information Office press conference, Zhu Jianqiao, Director-General of SAMR’s Department of Network Transaction Supervision and Management, said that during the 15th Five-Year Plan period China would develop or revise at least 20,000 national standards, including at least 1,000 mandatory national standards, and would carry out at least 200 pilot applications of Chinese standards overseas.
For foreign firms, the foreign-language-version measures and the overseas pilot target point in one direction: Chinese standards are to be made more usable beyond the Chinese-language market, both by translation and by application abroad.
AI governance and enforcement context
On the AI side, the Artificial Intelligence Security Governance Framework 3.0 was released in September 2026 by the China National Standardization Technical Committee for Cybersecurity. It sits within the same standardisation ecosystem that the digital trade measures rely on.
On enforcement, the Cyberspace Administration of China published ten typical enforcement cases on 15 September 2026 in the fields of cybersecurity, data security and personal information protection. The cases cover website tampering, malicious programs, data breaches, personal information leaks, unlawful collection and use of personal information, unlawful export of personal information, failure to label AI-generated synthetic content, and new technologies or applications put into service without assessment.
What it means for foreign firms
Three practical points follow.
First, separate the national measures from the zone measures. The data security management certification system and the eight intellectual property measures are now nationwide, so they should be treated as the baseline for planning. The data export negative list remains a zone-level instrument, so its relief depends on where the entity is established.
Second, track the standards translation programme. The draft measures on foreign-language versions of national standards, with their “translate wherever possible” rule for mandatory standards and for import-export standards, will determine which standards are available in a language your teams can apply directly. The comment window closes on 10 October 2026.
Third, read the electronic-payment measure with your settlement arrangements. Advancing the cross-border application of electronic payments is now a nationwide measure, and it is the strand most likely to change how cross-border settlement is structured for e-commerce and services businesses.
Sources
- 满洲里市人民政府 — 自贸试验区试点措施复制推广: https://www.manzhouli.gov.cn/News/show/1456699.html
- 上海市互联网信息办公室 — 数字贸易与数据出境政策宣介: https://wsb.sh.gov.cn/ztzl/shzxzb/20260923/3a34c2e581c04aa4a3eb7dafedd9e404.html
- 国家互联网信息办公室 — 执法典型案例（2026 年 9 月 15 日）: https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-09/15/c_1790876152357946.htm
- 贵州省大数据发展管理局 — 《数据出境安全管理政策法规问答（2026 年 9 月）》: https://drc.guizhou.gov.cn/ztzl/wlaqzs/202609/t20260918_90894948.html
- 工业和信息化部 — 标准工作信息: https://www.miit.gov.cn/jgsj/kjs/jscx/bzgf/art/2026/art_88f891ce12ee49eabf2a3585eca08ee1.html
- 国家市场监督管理总局: https://www.samr.gov.cn/
Related reading
- see also: Where data export certification ends and the security assessment begins (data-export-certification-thresholds)
- see also: Replicating Shanghai’s high-standard trade rules across free trade zones (ftz-high-standard-rules-replication)
数字贸易与知识产权规则走向全国：77 条自贸试验区试点措施中的数据与标准板块
概述
国务院已将 77 条成熟、成效显著、风险可控的试点措施从上海自贸试验区向更大范围复制推广。对外资企业而言，与日常数据合规、标准合规关系最直接的是率先实施高标准数字贸易规则与加强知识产权保护两个板块，此外加快服务贸易扩大开放板块中关于电子支付跨境应用的内容亦具相关性。
本文不复述该轮复制推广的七方面全貌，而集中说明数字贸易与知识产权两个板块，以及为其提供运行内容的配套国家标准与人工智能治理进展。合起来看，它们描绘出中国的跨境数据与标准制度正从”试验”走向”统一”的方向。
数字贸易板块：15 条，按去向一分为二
率先实施高标准数字贸易规则板块共 15 条，其复制推广按去向分为两支：
- 5 条复制推广到其他自贸试验区，其中包括制定数据出境负面清单；
- 10 条复制推广到全国，其中包括实施数据安全管理认证制度。
这一分工颇具信息量。负面清单本质上是一种适配地方产业条件的试验区内工具，因而留在自贸试验区范围内；认证制度是一种全国性合格评定机制，因而扩展到全国。对外资集团而言，实际后果是：认证通道成为一项全国可用的合规选择，而负面清单的便利仍取决于企业落在哪个试验区。
这些措施之下的量化门槛，由国家互联网信息办公室《数据出境安全管理政策法规问答（2026 年 9 月）》给出，该问答于 2026 年 9 月 11 日发布；其中认证与安全评估之间的边界另有专文说明，此处不再重复。
知识产权板块：8 条，全部推广到全国
加强知识产权保护板块共 8 条，全部复制推广到全国。两个点名的例子显示其方向：
- 规范商标注册公告和初步审定公告内容；
- 加强农用化学品试验数据保护。
两者都属于透明度与数据保护类措施，而非试验区专属让利。将其推广到全国，使商标实务与试验数据保护在全国范围内趋于一致，这对依赖中国程序一致性的外国品牌持有人与农用化学品登记持有人尤为重要。
服务贸易中的电子支付内容
在加快服务贸易扩大开放板块的 8 条中，4 条复制推广到全国，其中包括推进电子支付跨境应用。对从事跨境电商与服务业务的外资企业而言，这是涉及跨境结算如何开展的一支，其去向与认证类措施同为全国。
标准：外文版管理与数量目标
标准工作与数字贸易措施并行推进。2026 年 9 月，市场监管总局就《国家标准外文版管理办法（征求意见稿）》公开征求意见。征求意见稿明确，强制性国家标准、进出口贸易所需标准及促进产品技术服务”走出去”的国家标准应译尽译。意见反馈截止 2026 年 10 月 10 日。
另有两个数据点显示规模。2026 年 9 月 10 日，市场监管总局（国家标准委）批准发布 298 项重要国家标准，其中强制性 27 项、推荐性 271 项。2026 年 9 月 20 日，在国务院新闻办公室发布会上，市场监管总局网络交易监督管理司司长朱剑桥表示，「十五五」时期将制修订国家标准不少于 2 万项、强制性国家标准不少于 1000 项，并开展不少于 200 个中国标准海外应用试点。
对外资企业而言，外文版管理办法与海外应用试点目标指向同一方向：通过翻译与境外应用，使中国标准在中文市场之外更可用。
人工智能治理与执法背景
在人工智能方面，《人工智能安全治理框架 3.0》由全国网络安全标准化技术委员会于 2026 年 9 月发布，与数字贸易措施所依托的标准生态同处一体。
在执法方面，国家互联网信息办公室于 2026 年 9 月 15 日发布网络安全、数据安全、个人信息保护等领域执法典型案例 10 例，涉及网页篡改、设置恶意程序、数据泄露、个人信息泄露、违法收集使用个人信息、违法出境个人信息、未落实人工智能生成合成内容标识要求、新技术新应用未经评估上线提供服务等情形。
对外资企业的实际含义
有三点实务结论。
其一，把全国性措施与试验区措施区分开。数据安全管理认证制度与 8 条知识产权措施现已覆盖全国，应作为规划基线；数据出境负面清单仍是试验区层面的工具，其便利取决于企业设立地。
其二，跟踪标准翻译计划。国家标准外文版征求意见稿对强制性标准与进出口所需标准采取”应译尽译”规则，将决定哪些标准能以团队可直接适用的语言获得。征求意见窗口于 2026 年 10 月 10 日关闭。
其三，把电子支付措施与自身结算安排对照阅读。推进电子支付跨境应用现已成为全国性措施，也是最可能改变电商与服务业务跨境结算架构的一支。
来源
- 满洲里市人民政府 — 自贸试验区试点措施复制推广：https://www.manzhouli.gov.cn/News/show/1456699.html
- 上海市互联网信息办公室 — 数字贸易与数据出境政策宣介：https://wsb.sh.gov.cn/ztzl/shzxzb/20260923/3a34c2e581c04aa4a3eb7dafedd9e404.html
- 国家互联网信息办公室 — 执法典型案例（2026 年 9 月 15 日）：https://www.cac.gov.cn/2026-09/15/c_1790876152357946.htm
- 贵州省大数据发展管理局 — 《数据出境安全管理政策法规问答（2026 年 9 月）》：https://drc.guizhou.gov.cn/ztzl/wlaqzs/202609/t20260918_90894948.html
- 工业和信息化部 — 标准工作信息：https://www.miit.gov.cn/jgsj/kjs/jscx/bzgf/art/2026/art_88f891ce12ee49eabf2a3585eca08ee1.html
- 国家市场监督管理总局：https://www.samr.gov.cn/
相关阅读
- 见：数据出境认证的量化边界与评估衔接（data-export-certification-thresholds）
- 见：上海自贸试验区高标准经贸规则复制推广（ftz-high-standard-rules-replication）