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Bonded Logistics / 保税物流, Food & Beverage / 餐饮食品, Import-Export Clearance / 进出口清关

Four Customs Notices in October 2026: Grain Self-Assessment, African Cocoa, Kyrgyz Berries and a Namibian Ban

  • Four General Administration of Customs notices published between 13 and 20 October 2026 change the entry conditions for grain, cocoa beans, berries and Namibian animal products; three widen or simplify access and one closes a market.
    2026 年 10 月 13 日至 20 日，海关总署集中发布四份公告，改变粮食、可可豆、浆果与纳米比亚动物产品的进境条件；三份扩大或简化准入，一份关闭市场。
  • Notice 146 (13 October 2026, effective 15 November 2026) replaces prior approval for imported-grain processing enterprises with self-assessment against published conditions plus a declaration of conformity filed through the Single Window or the customs service platform.
    第 146 号公告（2026 年 10 月 13 日发布，11 月 15 日起实施）将进境粮食加工企业由事前审批改为对照公布条件自评估，并通过”单一窗口”或海关政务服务平台提交符合性声明。
  • Notice 147 (15 October 2026) applies a single regional phytosanitary protocol to cocoa beans from all African countries with diplomatic relations, removing the need for a country-by-country access agreement.
    第 147 号公告（2026 年 10 月 15 日）对非洲建交国家的可可豆适用统一的区域植物检疫要求，无需再逐国磋商签署准入协议。
  • Notice 149 (20 October 2026) opens Kyrgyz raspberries, blackcurrants and blackberries, subject to orchard and packing-house registration and a phytosanitary certificate.
    第 149 号公告（2026 年 10 月 20 日）开放吉尔吉斯斯坦树莓、黑醋栗与黑莓，须完成果园与包装厂注册并出具植物检疫证书。
  • Notice 148 (16 October 2026, effective on publication) bans entry of cloven-hoofed animals and their products from the whole territory of Namibia and repeals two earlier notices.
    第 148 号公告（2026 年 10 月 16 日发布并即日实施）禁止从纳米比亚全境输入偶蹄动物及其相关产品，并废止此前两份公告。
  • Seven categories of non-compliance under Notice 146 trigger a rectification deadline, and for four of them quarantine approval for later shipments to the same designated enterprise is withheld until rectification is complete.
    第 146 号公告列明七类违规情形限期整改，其中四类在整改完成前，对后续拟运往同一指定企业的检疫审批申请不予许可。

Four Customs Notices in October 2026: Grain Self-Assessment, African Cocoa, Kyrgyz Berries and a Namibian Ban | 2026 年 10 月海关四份公告：粮食自评估、非洲可可豆、吉尔吉斯斯坦浆果与纳米比亚禁令

Overview

Four General Administration of Customs notices published between 13 and 20 October 2026 change what an importer of food and agricultural products may bring in, and how. Three widen or simplify access; one closes a market. They are best read together because the compliance path differs by category, and because one of them starts later than it is published.

Notice 146 of 13 October 2026, effective 15 November 2026, optimises supervision of enterprises processing imported grain. Notice 147 of 15 October 2026 sets phytosanitary requirements for cocoa beans from African countries. Notice 149 of 20 October 2026 opens the market for fresh berries from Kyrgyzstan. Notice 148, issued jointly with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on 16 October 2026 and effective on publication, bans imports of cloven-hoofed animals and their products from Namibia. A fifth notice in the same cluster, No. 145 of 10 October 2026 on fresh watermelons from Uzbekistan, is noted only for the timeline.

Notice 146: approval becomes self-assessment

The change is procedural but large. Imported grain must be processed at a designated enterprise that has the epidemic-prevention and treatment conditions. An enterprise intending to process imported grain now assesses itself against the conditions published by the customs administration in its government service guide, then submits a declaration of conformity and supporting materials to the local customs office through the China International Trade Single Window or the customs government service platform. On approval it may begin operations. Prior approval is replaced by self-assessment, declaration and post-hoc quarantine supervision. Any change in the submitted information requires a variation application.

Three mechanics follow. When applying for the quarantine licence for imported animals and plants, the applicant must identify the designated enterprise to which the grain will be shipped and provide supporting evidence, and must enter the customs office at the designated enterprise’s location in the “accepting customs” field. Before applying, the applicant may request a preliminary contact sheet for imported grain from that customs office; holding one removes the need to supply the supporting evidence separately.

Responsibility is split by role: the site operator, the cargo owner or agent, the designated enterprise and the transport enterprise each carry the plant epidemic prevention duty for loading and unloading, transport, transhipment, processing and waste disposal respectively.

Seven categories of non-compliance trigger a rectification deadline: failure to carry out plant epidemic monitoring and eradication as required; failure to record receipt, unloading, transport, storage, processing, waste disposal and shipping destination; failure to process or store at the designated enterprise; failure to take leak-proof sealing measures; failure to carry out disinfection or processing treatment; failure to render waste and packaging material harmless; and refusal to accept customs quarantine supervision. For the fourth to seventh categories, quarantine approval applications for later shipments to that designated enterprise will not be granted until rectification is complete. Where an enterprise refuses to rectify, fails rectification or cannot rectify, grain not yet processed is disposed of as customs requires.

“Grain” follows the existing measures on inspection and quarantine supervision of imported and exported grain: the seeds of cereals, pulses and oil crops used for processing and not for propagation, and the tubers or root tubers of potatoes.

Notice 147: African cocoa under one regional protocol

The customs administration assessed that the pests and diseases affecting cocoa in Africa are similar and that control measures are broadly the same, and on that basis wrote a single set of import phytosanitary requirements. Cocoa beans originating in African countries with which China has diplomatic relations, and meeting the notice’s requirements, may be exported to China without a bilateral protocol negotiated and signed with each national competent authority.

The approach replaces country-by-country negotiation with a regional one for this commodity. It follows dried chillies, coffee beans, cashew nuts and wild aquatic products, and sits within the wider arrangement applying zero tariffs to 53 African countries with diplomatic relations, risk-graded quarantine access, and an upgraded green channel for African agri-food products.

For a buyer, the effect is on lead time rather than on the requirements. The phytosanitary conditions apply in full; what disappears is the wait for a country-specific protocol before a new origin can ship.

Notice 149: Kyrgyz berries

Fresh berries from Kyrgyzstan are permitted where they meet the requirements. The berries covered are raspberries, blackcurrants and blackberries.

Orchards and packing houses must be audited by the Kyrgyz side and registered with the Chinese side. China lists five quarantine pests of concern — one beetle, one bacterium, two fungi and one virus. Export-side work follows the international standards for phytosanitary measures: orchard monitoring and integrated pest management under ISPM 6, and a phytosanitary certificate under ISPM 12. On entry, the import quarantine licence and accompanying documents are checked.

Notice 148: Namibia and foot-and-mouth disease

Issued jointly with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and effective from the date of publication, the notice prohibits direct or indirect import of cloven-hoofed animals and their related products from the whole territory of Namibia. Sending them by post or carrying them in is also prohibited. Plant and animal waste and swill discharged from transport means are treated for pest control under customs supervision. Two earlier notices are repealed: No. 939 of 2007 of the former Ministry of Agriculture and No. 88 of 2014 of the former General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine.

Reading the four together

The four notices are three different instruments. Notice 146 is a facilitation: it moves a control from before the event to after it and shifts the burden of proof onto the enterprise’s own declaration. Notices 147 and 149 are access expansions, one by aggregating a continent into a single protocol and one by adding a country and three products. Notice 148 is a prohibition, and the only one that takes effect immediately.

The distinction matters for planning. A company that treats all four as new requirements will over-resource the first three and under-resource the fourth. A company that treats them as market news will miss 15 November, the only future date in the set and the only one that changes an internal process rather than an external permission.

Implications for foreign companies

For a grain processor, the work between now and 15 November is a self-assessment file: the published conditions, a gap analysis, the declaration of conformity, and supporting evidence for the designated enterprise named in each licence application. The seven rectification categories work as a checklist in reverse — each names a record or a measure an inspector will ask for, and the last four carry the extra consequence of blocking approvals for later shipments to the same site.

For a food importer, notices 147 and 149 change the origin list rather than the documentation. Cocoa from an African country with diplomatic relations can now be sourced without waiting for a protocol; Kyrgyz berries can be added where a supplier has registered orchards and packing houses. In both cases the phytosanitary certificate and, for berries, the import quarantine licence remain the operative documents.

For a company with Namibian exposure, notice 148 requires an immediate check of open purchase orders: the ban is territorial and immediate.

Sources

  • 海关总署·政务公开（海关法规与最新文件栏目，含 2026 年第 145 号至第 149 号公告目录）：http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/index.html
  • 海关总署·公告 2026 年第 149 号（关于进口吉尔吉斯共和国鲜食浆果植物检疫要求的公告，2026-10-20）：http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/2026-10/21/article_2026102110394074298.html
  • 海关总署·公告 2026 年第 148 号（关于防止纳米比亚口蹄疫传入我国的公告，2026-10-16，PDF 原文）：http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/attachDir/2026/10/%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%B3%E6%80%BB%E7%BD%B2%20%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E5%86%9C%E6%9D%91%E9%83%A8%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E9%98%B2%E6%AD%A2%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%8F%A3%E8%B9%84%E7%96%AB%E4%BC%A0%E5%85%A5%E6%88%91%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8A.pdf
  • 宁波海关·外贸新业态问答（2026-10-15）：http://ningbo.customs.gov.cn/ningbo_customs/2026-10/15/article_2026101510440437699.html

2026 年 10 月海关四份公告：粮食自评估、非洲可可豆、吉尔吉斯斯坦浆果与纳米比亚禁令

概述

2026 年 10 月 13 日至 20 日，海关总署集中发布四份公告，改变了食品与农产品进口企业对”能进什么、怎么进”的答案。其中三份扩大或简化准入，一份关闭市场。四份合起来读更有价值：合规路径按品类分野，且其中一份的施行日期晚于发布日期。

第 146 号公告于 10 月 13 日发布、11 月 15 日起实施，优化进境粮食企业监管措施。第 147 号公告于 10 月 15 日发布，规定进口非洲国家可可豆的植物检疫要求。第 149 号公告于 10 月 20 日发布，开放吉尔吉斯共和国鲜食浆果。第 148 号公告由海关总署与农业农村部于 10 月 16 日联合发布、自发布之日起实施，禁止从纳米比亚输入偶蹄动物及其相关产品。同一批次中另有 10 月 10 日落款的第 145 号公告（乌兹别克斯坦鲜食西瓜），此处仅在时间线上提及。

第 146 号公告：审批改为自评估

这一变化属程序性，但幅度不小。进境粮食应在具备防疫、处理等条件的指定加工企业加工使用。拟从事进境粮食加工的企业，对照海关总署在政务服务指南公布的防疫、处理等条件自评估，再通过国际贸易”单一窗口”或海关政务服务平台向所在地海关提交符合性声明及材料，审核通过即可开展业务。事前审批由此转为自评估、声明加事后检疫监督。已提交信息发生变化的，须提交变更申请。

随之而来的是三项操作细节。申请《进境动植物检疫许可证》时，须确定拟运往的指定企业并提供证明材料，”受理海关”栏填写指定企业所在地海关。申请之前，可向该海关申请《进境粮食初审联系单》；提供该联系单，即可免于提供上述证明材料。

责任按角色切分：场地经营企业、货主或代理人、指定企业、运输企业，分别承担装卸、运输、换装、加工、下脚料处理各环节的植物疫情防控责任。

七类违规情形限期整改：未按规定实施植物疫情监测及防除；未按规定记录接卸、运输、存放、加工、下脚料处理、发运流向；未按规定在指定企业加工存放；未按规定采取防撒漏密封措施；未按规定除害或加工处理；未按规定对下脚料、包装材料无害化处理；拒绝接受海关检疫监督。其中第（四）（五）（六）（七）类情形，在整改完成前，对后续拟运往该指定企业的检疫审批申请不予许可。拒不整改、整改不通过或无法整改的，尚未加工处理的粮食按海关要求妥善处置。

“粮食”的范围沿用《进出境粮食检验检疫监督管理办法》，指用于加工、非繁殖用途的禾谷类、豆类、油料类等作物的籽实以及薯类的块根或块茎。

第 147 号公告：非洲可可豆的区域一体化准入

海关总署经风险评估认为，非洲地区可可豆有关病虫害发生情况相近、防控措施基本相同，据此制定了统一的进境植物检疫要求。产自非洲建交国家、符合公告要求的可可豆均可输华，无需再与相关国家主管部门逐一磋商签署准入协议。

这一做法把逐国磋商改为区域一体化安排。在此之前，干辣椒、咖啡豆、腰果、野生水产品已走过同类路径；其背景是对 53 个非洲建交国全面实施零关税、对检疫准入实行风险分级管理，以及升级非洲农食产品输华”绿色通道”。

对采购方而言，改变的是时间而不是要求。植物检疫条件仍须全部满足，消失的是”等一份国别议定书”才能发货的那段等待。

第 149 号公告：吉尔吉斯斯坦浆果

允许符合要求的吉尔吉斯共和国鲜食浆果进口，浆果包括树莓、黑醋栗与黑莓。

果园与包装厂须经吉方审核并由中方批准注册。中方关注的检疫性有害生物共 5 种，分别为绵毛小花甲、梨火疫病菌、醋栗单囊白粉菌、烟草环斑病毒、大丽花轮枝孢。出口环节按国际植物检疫措施标准第 6 号实施果园监测与有害生物综合管理，按第 12 号出具植物检疫证书。进境时核查《进境动植物检疫许可证》等单证。

第 148 号公告：纳米比亚与口蹄疫

该公告由海关总署与农业农村部联合发布，自发布之日起实施，禁止直接或间接从纳米比亚全境输入偶蹄动物及其相关产品；禁止寄递或携带入境。运输工具卸下的动植物性废弃物、泔水，在海关监督下作除害处理。同步废止原农业部、原质检总局 2007 年第 939 号公告与 2014 年第 88 号公告。

四份公告合起来看

四份公告属于三类不同工具。第 146 号是便利化：把管制从事前移到事后，并把举证责任转移到企业自己的声明上。第 147 号与第 149 号是准入扩大，前者把一个大陆聚合成一份议定书，后者增加一个国家与三个品种。第 148 号是禁止，也是四份之中唯一即时生效的一份。

这一区分对规划很关键。把四份都当成”新增合规要求”的企业，会在前三份上投入过多、在第四份上投入不足；把四份都当成市场新闻的企业，则会错过 11 月 15 日这个唯一面向未来的节点——它也是四份之中唯一改变内部流程而非外部许可的节点。

对外资企业的实务意义

对粮食加工企业，从现在到 11 月 15 日的工作是一份自评估档案：公布的条件、差距分析、符合性声明，以及每一份检疫审批申请中指定企业对应的证明材料。七类整改情形可以反过来当作检查清单——每一类都指向稽查人员会索要的一份记录或一项措施，而第（四）至（七）类还附加了”阻断同一场地后续到货审批”的后果。

对食品进口企业，第 147 号与第 149 号改变的是产地清单，而不是单证要求。非洲建交国家的可可豆不必等议定书即可采购；吉尔吉斯斯坦浆果可在供应商完成果园与包装厂注册后纳入。两种情形下，植物检疫证书仍是要件，浆果另需《进境动植物检疫许可证》。

对涉及纳米比亚业务的企业，第 148 号要求立即排查在途与未执行的采购订单，因为禁令按地域适用且自发布之日起生效。

来源

  • 海关总署·政务公开·海关法规与公告列表：http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/302249/index.html
  • 宁波海关转《中国国门时报》·外贸新业态海关热点问答（2026-10-15）：http://ningbo.customs.gov.cn/ningbo_customs/2026-10/15/article_2026101510440437699.html
  • 上观新闻·第 146 号公告全文转载（2026-10-13）：https://www.jfdaily.com/sgh/detail?id=4075880
  • “海关发布”·非洲可可豆区域一体准入解读（2026-10-16）：https://www.toutiao.com/article/7697165997384221234
  • “海关发布”·第 149 号公告全文（2026-10-21）：https://www.toutiao.com/article/7699021427525108239
  • 海关总署·《关于防止纳米比亚口蹄疫传入我国的公告》PDF（第 148 号）：http://www.customs.gov.cn/customs/attachDir/2026/10/%E6%B5%B7%E5%85%B3%E6%80%BB%E7%BD%B2%20%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E5%86%9C%E6%9D%91%E9%83%A8%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E9%98%B2%E6%AD%A2%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%8F%A3%E8%B9%84%E7%96%AB%E4%BC%A0%E5%85%A5%E6%88%91%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8A.pdf
Tax Compliance / 税务合规, Tax Incentives / 税收优惠, Tax Types / 税种

Tax Credit for Reinvested Profits: The 2025 Rules and Their October 2026 Local Landing

  • The credit for reinvested profits rests on Announcement No. 2 of 2025 by the Ministry of Finance, the State Taxation Administration and the Ministry of Commerce, and on SAT Announcement No. 18 of 2025 on administration; it is not a 2026 policy, and October 2026 is when local execution became visible.
    利润再投资税收抵免依据财政部、税务总局、商务部 2025 年第 2 号公告与税务总局 2025 年第 18 号公告，并非 2026 年新出台的政策；2026 年 10 月是地方落地集中显现的时间。
  • Profits distributed by a Chinese resident enterprise and reinvested directly in China between 1 January 2025 and 31 December 2028 earn a credit of 10 per cent of the investment amount against the investor’s tax payable for the year, with unused credit carried forward.
    境外投资者在 2025 年 1 月 1 日至 2028 年 12 月 31 日期间，将以境内居民企业分配利润进行的符合条件的直接投资，可按投资额 10% 抵免当年应纳税额，不足部分准予结转以后年度。
  • Five conditions must be met together: the source of profit, the form of investment, the industry falling within the national encouraged catalogue, a holding period of at least five years, and a direct transfer of funds with no intermediate account.
    五项条件须同时满足：利润来源、投资方式、产业属于全国鼓励外商投资产业目录、持股满五年、资金直接划转不得周转。
  • The credit coexists with the deferral under Caishui [2018] No. 102: deferral changes when the withholding tax is paid, the credit reduces how much is paid.
    抵免与财税〔2018〕102 号项下的递延纳税可以同时享受：递延改变纳税时点，抵免减少纳税金额。
  • Two dates govern exit: five years of holding, and a seven-day window to declare and pay deferred tax after the investment is recovered, with a proportional reduction of the credit if the holding period falls short.
    退出环节受两个时点约束：持股满五年；收回投资后七日内申报补缴递延税款，持股不满五年的还须按比例减少抵免额度。
  • In October 2026 Bao’an district in Shenzhen publicised its first completed case, a Singapore-held airport equipment maker that ran the sequence from business registration change through commerce review, tax confirmation and foreign exchange registration.
    2026 年 10 月，深圳市宝安区公布首例落地案例：一家新加坡股东持股的空港装备制造企业走完工商变更、商务审核、税务确认、外汇登记全流程。

Tax Credit for Reinvested Profits: The 2025 Rules and Their October 2026 Local Landing | 利润再投资税收抵免：2025 年政策规则与 2026 年 10 月地方落地

Overview

The credit for reinvested profits is often described as a recent incentive. It is not. The substantive rule is Announcement No. 2 of 2025, issued jointly by the Ministry of Finance, the State Taxation Administration and the Ministry of Commerce on 27 June 2025; the administrative detail is SAT Announcement No. 18 of 2025, of 1 August 2025. What October 2026 adds is evidence of local execution: a first completed case in Shenzhen’s Bao’an district, an exchange meeting there on 16 October, a seminar in Luohu on 20 October, and confirmation forms issued by Gansu’s tax authority for four enterprise-instances, reported on 13 October.

The measure sits on an older one rather than replacing it. Caishui [2018] No. 102, with SAT Announcement No. 53 of 2018, allows a foreign investor to defer withholding tax on profits reinvested directly in China; the 2025 credit is additional and may be claimed at the same time. Deferral changes when the tax is paid, the credit reduces how much is paid.

How the credit works

The window runs from 1 January 2025 to 31 December 2028. Within it, where a foreign investor uses profits distributed by a Chinese resident enterprise for qualifying direct investment in China, it may credit 10 per cent of the investment against its tax payable for the year; excess credit is carried forward.

Where a treaty provides a dividend rate below 10 per cent, the credit may be computed at that rate instead. The election is irrevocable — including when the investor recovers the investment after five years and declares the deferred tax, the lower treaty ratio cannot then be substituted.

The tax against which the credit is set is defined narrowly: the enterprise income tax payable on dividends, interest, royalties and similar income under Article 3(3) of the Enterprise Income Tax Law that the investor derives from the profit-distributing enterprise after the date of reinvestment. In practice the credit is absorbed by withholding tax on later distributions from the same company.

Five conditions, all required

Source of profit. A dividend or other equity return formed from retained earnings actually distributed by a resident enterprise. Undistributed profit does not qualify.

Form of investment. Capital increase, new establishment or equity acquisition. New subscription, conversion or acquisition of shares in a listed company is excluded, except qualifying strategic investment.

Industry. The investee’s business must fall within the national catalogue of industries encouraged for foreign investment. A regional catalogue does not substitute for it — the condition most often misread.

Holding period. Continuous holding of at least five years, or 60 months.

Flow of funds. For cash, from the distributor’s account directly to the investee or the equity seller, with no intermediate account in China or abroad. For non-cash consideration, ownership passes directly, and may not be held by another enterprise or individual even temporarily.

Procedure, and two dates

The filing route runs through the investee. The investor reports to the local commerce authority on the Ministry of Commerce’s unified platform: names and jurisdictions, the locations of investee and distributor, the date of reinvestment, the industry and the amount, with evidence. The local authority verifies and submits the file to the provincial commerce authority, which confirms eligibility with the finance and tax authorities at the same level and issues a Profit Reinvestment Confirmation Form with a nationally unique code.

For the credit, the investor gives the distributor the information report form and the confirmation form; the distributor submits the withholding return and both forms to its competent tax authority.

Two dates matter on exit. The first is the fifth anniversary. The second is the seven days after recovery: where the investment is recovered after five years, the deferred tax is declared and paid within seven days to the tax authority where the distributor sits, and any remaining credit may offset the liability. Where recovery happens earlier, the deferred tax is payable and the credit is reduced proportionally, with any excess already used paid within seven days.

Beyond the window, a balance remaining at 31 December 2028 may be used until exhausted. Investment made between 1 January 2025 and the announcement could be submitted for retroactive treatment, but credit formed in that interval offsets only tax arising afterwards. Investment before 1 January 2025 cannot be treated retroactively.

Where it landed in October 2026

Bao’an. In August 2026 an airport equipment manufacturer with a Singaporean shareholder completed a reinvestment and applied the credit — the district’s first case. On 16 October the district commerce and tax bureaus held an exchange meeting at the company with twelve foreign-invested enterprises from Germany, Italy, Japan, Sweden and Hong Kong; its finance team walked through registration change, commerce review, tax confirmation and foreign exchange registration. The district recorded RMB 5 billion of actual foreign investment in 2025, up 41.2 per cent and third in the city, with 19 multinational regional headquarters recognised.

Luohu. On 20 October the district investment promotion bureau held a seminar for more than twenty foreign-invested enterprises, at which the tax department explained the scope and conditions.

Gansu. During 2026 the provincial tax authority has issued the confirmation form for four enterprise-instances, as reported by China Tax News on 13 October.

National. Reinvestment reached RMB 93.99 billion in January–September 2026, up 4.7 per cent, its share up 1.5 percentage points, per the Ministry of Commerce briefing on 22 October.

Implications for foreign companies

Three errors account for most lost claims, and each is structural.

Routing the money through the overseas parent destroys eligibility: the funds must move from the distributor’s account directly to the investee, so the sequencing has to be designed before the distribution resolution.

Assuming any equity purchase qualifies is the second: listed shares are outside the scope unless the investment is a qualifying strategic investment.

Reading the regional catalogue is the third: the test is the national catalogue, and a project listed only provincially fails.

The two dates belong in the investment agreement. A five-year hold is a long commitment for a group that may need to restructure, and a partial recovery triggers a seven-day payment window.

The local cases show where the bottleneck sits. Bao’an’s four steps belong to four functions, and the confirmation form is issued mid-chain; a group that starts after the capital is paid in has usually broken the flow condition. In provinces with fewer cases, issuance of the form is itself the pacing item.

Related reading

  • *China’s 15-Measure Action Plan for Stabilising Foreign Investment: A Clause-by-Clause Guide* (Article 471) — reinvestment appears there as one item in a wider facilitation package.
  • Withholding tax on dividends and the treaty network: how the rate is fixed before the credit election is made.

Sources

  • 国家税务总局甘肃省税务局·《中国税务报》关于为 4 户次企业出具《利润再投资情况表》的报道（2026-10-13）：http://gansu.chinatax.gov.cn/art/2026/10/13/art_560_480123.html
  • 深圳市宝安区人民政府·宝安区首例利润再投资税收抵免办结（2026-10-21）：https://www.baoan.gov.cn/baqwqfbgs/gkmlpt/content/13/13034/post_13034898.html
  • 深圳市人民政府·罗湖区外商投资企业政策座谈会（2026-10-20）：https://www.sz.gov.cn/cn/zjsz/fwts_1_3/tzdt_1/content/post_13033609.html
  • 国家税务总局山东省税务局·政策文件栏目（含财政部 税务总局 商务部 2025 年第 2 号公告、国家税务总局 2025 年第 18 号公告）：https://shandong.chinatax.gov.cn/col/col17634/index.html
  • 国家税务总局·境外投资者以分配利润直接投资税收抵免政策与申报口径（总局政策文件栏目）：https://www.chinatax.gov.cn/

利润再投资税收抵免：2025 年政策规则与 2026 年 10 月地方落地

概述

利润再投资税收抵免常被描述为一项新近推出的优惠。这个说法不准确。实体规则是财政部、税务总局、商务部于 2025 年 6 月 27 日联合发布的 2025 年第 2 号公告；征管口径是国家税务总局于 2025 年 8 月 1 日发布的 2025 年第 18 号公告。两份文件在符合条件的窗口期开始时就已生效。2026 年 10 月增加的是地方执行的证据：深圳市宝安区首例办结、10 月 16 日该区举办的交流会、10 月 20 日罗湖区的座谈会，以及甘肃省税务局为 4 户次企业出具《利润再投资情况表》（10 月 13 日报道）。

这项政策不是取代旧政策，而是叠加在旧政策之上。财税〔2018〕102 号文及国家税务总局 2018 年第 53 号公告，允许境外投资者将以分配利润直接在境内投资时暂不征收预提所得税。2025 年的抵免是额外的，可以与递延同时享受。两者作用在不同的变量上：递延改变纳税时点，抵免减少纳税金额。对一个已在中国子公司累积利润、正在权衡汇出还是再投资的集团来说，这是现行外资制度中最具体的现金激励；它的适用条件又相当机械，意味着工作重点在材料与顺序，而不在政策解释。

抵免如何计算

窗口期为 2025 年 1 月 1 日至 2028 年 12 月 31 日。在此期间，境外投资者将以境内居民企业分配的利润用于境内符合条件的直接投资，可按投资额的 10% 抵免当年应纳税额；超过当年应纳税额的部分，准予向以后年度结转使用。

若我国与该投资者所在税收管辖区签订的税收协定规定股息适用税率低于 10%，可按协定税率计算抵免。该选择一经作出不得变更。尤其是在持股满五年后收回投资、申报补缴递延税款时，不能再改用更低的协定比例——设立之初的选择决定后续全部计算。

可用于抵免的税额界定得较窄：限于境外投资者自利润分配再投资之日以后，从利润分配企业取得的、按企业所得税法第三条第三款规定的股息红利、利息、特许权使用费等所得应缴纳的企业所得税。实务中，抵免额度通常由同一公司后续分配产生的预提所得税吸收，而不是由其他来源所得的税款吸收。

五项条件，须同时满足

利润来源。 分配的利润须属境内居民企业向投资者实际分配的留存收益所形成的股息、红利等权益性投资收益。账上有利润但未分配不行，分配这个动作必须已经发生。

投资方式。 以分得利润进行的境内直接投资，包括增资、新建、股权收购等权益性投资。新增、转增、收购上市公司股份不在范围内，符合条件的战略投资除外。

产业范围。 再投资期限内，被投资企业从事的产业须属于《鼓励外商投资产业目录》中的全国鼓励外商投资产业目录所列产业。地区目录不能替代全国目录，这是最常被误读的一项条件。

投资期限。 连续持有满五年（60 个月）以上。

资金流转。 以现金支付的，款项须从利润分配企业账户直接转入被投资企业或股权转让方账户，直接投资前不得在境内外其他账户周转；以实物、有价证券等非现金形式支付的，资产所有权须直接从利润分配企业转入被投资企业或股权转让方，不得由其他企业、个人代为持有或临时持有。

办理路径与两个时点

资料报送经由被投资企业完成。境外投资者通过被投资企业，经商务部业务系统统一平台（外商投资综合管理应用）向所在地商务主管部门报送：境外投资者名称与国别、被投资企业与利润分配企业名称及所在地、再投资时间、行业领域与金额，并附凭证。企业所在地商务主管部门比对核实后，提交省级商务主管部门，由省级商务主管部门会同同级财政、税务等部门确认符合条件，出具载有全国唯一编码的《利润再投资情况表》等材料；被投资企业将材料交给境外投资者。

抵免环节，境外投资者向利润分配企业提供《境外投资者再投资税收抵免信息报告表》和《利润再投资情况表》。利润分配企业申报抵减时，向主管税务机关提交《中华人民共和国扣缴企业所得税报告表》及上述两份表格。

退出环节受两个时点约束。第一个是持股满五年。第二个是收回投资后的七日：投资满五年后收回全部或部分直接投资的，应在收回投资后七日内向利润分配企业所在地税务机关申报补缴递延税款，抵免结转余额可抵减其应纳税款；持股不满五年收回的，除补缴递延税款外，还须按比例减少可享受的抵免额度，已使用额度超过调整后额度的，应在七日内补缴超出部分。

窗口期结束后，2028 年 12 月 31 日以后仍有抵免余额的，可继续享受至余额用完。2025 年 1 月 1 日至公告发布前发生的符合条件投资，可自公告发布之日起申请追补享受，但该期间形成的抵免额度仅可用于抵减公告发布之日后产生的符合条件应纳税额；2025 年 1 月 1 日之前的投资不得追溯享受。

2026 年 10 月的地方落地

深圳宝安。 2026 年 8 月，一家外资股东来自新加坡的空港装备制造企业完成利润再投资并成功适用抵免政策，为宝安区首例。10 月 16 日，宝安区商务局、区税务局在该企业举办外资企业交流会，来自德国、意大利、日本、瑞典及中国香港等国家和地区的 12 家重点外资企业参加，企业财务团队按工商变更、商务审核、税务确认、外汇登记四步拆解了全流程。宝安区 2025 年实际使用外资 50 亿元、同比增长 41.2%，规模居深圳全市第三；全区累计认定跨国公司总部企业 19 家。

深圳罗湖。 10 月 20 日，罗湖区投资促进局举办外资企业专题交流座谈会，20 余家重点外资企业参加，区税务部门就抵免政策的适用范围与享受条件作了讲解。

甘肃。 2026 年，甘肃省税务局落实境外投资者利润再投资递延纳税政策，已为 4 户次企业出具《利润再投资情况表》，据《中国税务报》10 月 13 日报道。出具情况表是税务机关一侧的动作，也是把一笔符合条件的交易转化为扣缴义务人可以据以操作的文件的那一步。

全国口径。 据商务部 2026 年 10 月 22 日在国务院新闻办公室发布会上的数据，1—9 月利润再投资 939.9 亿元，同比增长 4.7%，占比较去年同期提高 1.5 个百分点。

对外资企业的实务意义

绝大多数落空的申请源于三类错误，而三类都属架构与顺序问题，不是解释问题。

第一类是把钱先汇到境外母公司。把股息汇给香港控股公司、再从香港汇回作为出资，是最常见的资金安排之一，而它直接摧毁资格，因为款项须从利润分配企业账户直接转入被投资企业。顺序必须在作出分配决议之前设计，而不是在之后补救。

第二类是想当然地认为任何股权购买都符合条件。上市公司股份不在范围内，除非属于符合条件的战略投资——这是一个比二级市场买入窄得多的类别。

第三类是拿地区目录当全国目录。条件指向的是《鼓励外商投资产业目录》中的全国目录；一个只列入省级鼓励目录、未列入全国目录的项目，不满足条件。

在资格之外，两个时点应当写进投资协议。五年持有对一个可能需要重组的集团是长承诺；部分收回触发七日缴款窗口，资金安排稍有疏漏就会错过。若设立时已按协定税率作出选择，退出计算就按该比例进行，不能改用届时看起来更有利的更低税率。

地方案例提示了实操瓶颈的位置。宝安的四步——工商变更、商务审核、税务确认、外汇登记——分属四个不同职能，而情况表在链条中段出具。若集团在资金已经缴付之后才启动流程，通常已经破坏了资金流转条件。甘肃的 4 户次则说明另一面：在案例较少的省份，税务机关出具情况表本身就是影响进度的环节，及早与当地商务、税务部门沟通，比把内部材料做到完美更有价值。

延伸阅读

  • 《中国利用外资固稳促优行动方案 15 条逐条解读》（第 471 篇）——再投资在其中是一项更宽泛便利化安排中的一个条目。
  • 股息预提所得税与税收协定网络：在作出抵免比例选择之前，税率如何确定。
  • 财税〔2018〕102 号项下的再投资递延纳税及其与集团资金安排的衔接。

来源

  • 国家税务总局甘肃省税务局·《中国税务报》关于为 4 户次企业出具《利润再投资情况表》的报道（2026-10-13）：http://gansu.chinatax.gov.cn/art/2026/10/13/art_560_480123.html
  • 深圳市宝安区人民政府·全区首例利润再投资税收抵免落地（2026-10-21）：https://www.baoan.gov.cn/baqwqfbgs/gkmlpt/content/13/13034/post_13034898.html
  • 深圳政府在线·罗湖区外资企业专题交流座谈会（2026-10-20）：https://www.sz.gov.cn/cn/zjsz/fwts_1_3/tzdt_1/content/post_13033609.html
  • 红网政务·政策要点梳理（含 2025 年第 2 号公告与 2025 年第 18 号公告引述）：https://gov.rednet.cn/content/646054/66/16396922.html
  • 国家税务总局山东省税务局·政策公告列表（可见 2025 年第 18 号公告条目）：https://shandong.chinatax.gov.cn/col/col17634/index.html?uid=1845&pageNum=2
Copyright / 著作权, E-commerce Entry / 电商入华, Policy Updates / 政策动态

Technology in Commerce: China’s 18 Measures and the AI-plus-Culture Pilot

  • The Opinions on Accelerating the Application of Technology in Commerce (Shang Jian Han [2026] No. 551) were issued by nine departments on 13 October 2026 and published on 19 October 2026.
    《商务部等 9 部门关于加快推进科技兴商的意见》（商建函〔2026〕551 号）由 9 个部门于 2026 年 10 月 13 日发文，2026 年 10 月 19 日对外发布。
  • The document sets out 18 measures in four areas — goods consumption, services consumption, commercial circulation and future commercial scenarios — plus six supporting areas covering standards, infrastructure, safety supervision, R&D translation, talent and finance.
    文件提出 18 条具体举措，分四个方面——商品消费提质、服务消费扩容、商贸流通链条、未来商业场景——并从标准体系、基础设施、安全监管、研发转化、人才培养、财政金融六方面优化发展环境。
  • It calls for deeper implementation of the “AI plus manufacturing” campaign, flexible manufacturing built on industrial large models and edge intelligence, and consumer-to-manufacturer production with AI-based personalised customisation.
    文件要求深入实施”人工智能 + 制造”专项行动，发展基于工业大模型与边缘智能的柔性制造，推广用户直连制造与基于人工智能的个性化定制。
  • The Ministry of Culture and Tourism has commissioned 14 projects for “AI plus culture and tourism” application pilots, and says the next step is to explore mechanisms for confirming, pricing and trading rights in cultural digital assets.
    文化和旅游部已遴选立项 14 个项目开展”人工智能 + 文化和旅游”应用试点，并表示下一步将探索建立文化数字资产确权、定价、交易机制。
  • This is a directional and encouraging document, not a list companies can apply to; specific support depends on implementing rules and local measures that have not been published.
    这是一份鼓励性、方向性文件，不是企业可以申报的清单；具体支持取决于尚未公布的配套细则与地方落地措施。

Technology in Commerce: China’s 18 Measures and the AI-plus-Culture Pilot | 科技兴商 18 条：外资内容与零售企业要读什么

Overview

Nine departments issued the Opinions on Accelerating the Application of Technology in Commerce (商建函〔2026〕551 号) on 13 October 2026 and published the text on 19 October 2026. The issuing bodies are the Ministry of Commerce, the Cyberspace Administration of China, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the People’s Bank of China and the State Administration for Market Regulation.

The text runs to 18 measures in four areas and adds six supporting areas: standards, infrastructure, safety supervision, R&D translation, talent, and fiscal and financial support. Officials from three ministries explained it at a State Council Information Office briefing on 19 October 2026.

Two framing points matter more than any single clause. This is an encouraging and directional document: it describes where policy wants commercial technology to go, but creates no application window, subsidy schedule or entitlement. And its relevant content splits across two functions usually run by different teams — marketing and product on one side, retail and service operations on the other — so it repays reading across departments rather than only by government affairs.

What the 18 measures contain

Goods and manufacturing. The text calls for deeper implementation of the “AI plus manufacturing” campaign, integrating AI into product R&D, design, manufacturing and marketing, and enriching the supply of smart goods: smartphones, computers, home appliances, wearables, robots. It encourages smart products built on safe and reliable open-source operating systems and the innovative development of time-honoured brands. Companies are encouraged to develop flexible manufacturing, applying industrial large models and edge intelligence to build adaptive production systems, and to spread on-demand production and consumer-to-manufacturer (C2M) models; AI-based personalised customisation is named separately.

Channels and services. The China International Consumer Products Expo, the Global Digital Trade Expo and the China Agricultural Trade Fair are to be used as platforms for displaying, exchanging and trading technology achievements, and smart consumption facilities are to extend to county-level markets. Basic-demand services — domestic services and catering — are to be upgraded: domestic-service companies are encouraged to work with technology firms on smart platforms, smart elderly-care institutions are to be supported, and catering’s digital transformation accelerated.

Frontier technology and firms. Technology transfer institutions are to be cultivated in consumer goods fields to move brain-computer interfaces, embodied intelligence and similar results into the market, and trading companies in smart warehousing and digital supply chains are encouraged to apply for recognition as specialised, refined, distinctive and innovative (专精特新) enterprises.

Talent. Universities, research institutes and vocational schools are to build training bases with trading companies; regions with the conditions may set up city-level industry-education consortia; leading companies are encouraged to lead industry-education communities; and new occupations are to be recognised, including logistics robot application technology and intelligent system management.

Finance. Existing funding channels are to be pooled to spread emerging technologies in consumption, and financial institutions are encouraged to increase support for new consumption scenarios and for the technical upgrading and equipment renewal of commercial facilities.

At the briefing, Assistant Minister of Commerce Yuan Xiaoming described the text as new in content, comprehensive and practical. Meng Yue, director of market system development, cited smart domestic-service platforms for households, elderly care and childcare, and the use of ultra-high-definition audio-visual and digital twin technology in business districts, culture and tourism, and education. Wei Wei of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said the ministry would push research on intelligent terminals including brain-computer interfaces and embodied intelligence, and develop intelligent industrial machine tools, agricultural machinery and medical devices.

The AI-plus-culture-and-tourism pilot

Zhou Hanping, a first-class inspector in the Ministry of Culture and Tourism’s industry development department, said the opinions propose application pilots for “AI plus culture and tourism”. The ministry has issued the 15th Five-Year Plan for Cultural and Tourism Development and the 15th Five-Year Plan for Cultural Industry Development, both of which set out the task of technology-enabled cultural and tourism development. Fourteen projects have been selected and commissioned for the pilots. The next step, she said, is to explore mechanisms for confirming, pricing and trading rights in cultural digital assets.

For a content business, the sequence in that sentence is the point. Confirmation of rights, pricing and trading are three different problems, and policy has named them together without yet resolving them in order. The 14 pilots give content formats a venue in which to be tried with official backing; they do not settle who owns what a generative model produces, nor how it is valued when it moves.

Where copyright and content rights sit

The opinions do not legislate on copyright. What they do is place cultural digital assets on the policy agenda as objects to be defined, valued and exchanged — a precondition for treating generated content as an asset rather than as marketing material. Three consequences follow for a foreign content company.

First, the asset question arrives before the dispute question. If rights are to be confirmed and priced, the internal record showing what went into a piece of content — inputs, model, human contribution, licence terms — becomes commercially relevant, not merely defensive.

Second, the surrounding framework moves on its own timetable. The Trademark Law was adopted on 26 June 2026 and takes effect on 1 January 2027; brand owners with China-facing product lines should work to that date rather than assume the current text governs next year’s filings.

Third, encouragement of content going out sits in the digital trade stream of commerce policy rather than in this document. Companies producing web fiction, audio-visual works or animation and games for overseas distribution should read the opinions as context for localisation and platform strategy, not as authority for a particular support measure.

Implications for foreign companies

Read the document as a map of where the ministry wants commercial technology to land, then check which landing points your China operations already occupy.

For consumer brands, the C2M and flexible-manufacturing clauses carry operational content. On-demand production changes how a China entity forecasts, holds inventory and configures a product line, and what it asks of a local contract manufacturer. A brand running a China-specific line is closer to these clauses than one importing a global range.

For retailers and service operators, the smart-store, catering-digitalisation and smart-elderly-care items point one way: technology applied to the service encounter rather than the product. Foreign operators in food service and elderly care should note that the document encourages these directions without opening a new access channel; sector licensing rules are unchanged.

For content and marketing teams, the value lies in the pilot list and the asset agenda. Fourteen commissioned projects indicate which formats the ministry will see tested; the cultural digital asset work signals that valuation and trading are being studied, which is where compliance and finance will converge.

One point is explicit and easy to miss: this is not a list companies can apply to. There is no form, no threshold, no amount. Support, where it materialises, will arrive through implementing rules and local measures, none of which is yet published.

The demand-side context is worth keeping: service retail sales rose 5 per cent year on year in January to September 2026, faster than goods retail — which is why an entire area covers services consumption, and why a company whose China revenue is mostly product-based should not skip those sections.

Related reading

  • *China’s first full revision of the Trademark Law: what changes for foreign brand owners* (Article 390) — the substance of the revision, effective 1 January 2027.
  • *China’s “Five Excellences” Quality E-Commerce Action: What Platforms Must Now Do* (Article 474) — platform-side obligations in the same policy stream.

Sources

  • 中华人民共和国商务部·《商务部等 9 部门关于加快推进科技兴商的意见》全文（商建函〔2026〕551 号）：https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2026/art_787f0441da1f4c0e8b5bad10118247f3.html
  • 中国政府网·多部门详解科技兴商（2026-10-19）：https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/202610/content_7083758.htm
  • 中华人民共和国文化和旅游部·「人工智能+文化和旅游」应用试点与项目名单：https://www.mct.gov.cn/
  • 中华人民共和国商务部·政策发布栏目（科技兴商、电子商务与数字贸易相关政策）：https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/

科技兴商 18 条：外资内容与零售企业要读什么

概述

2026 年 10 月 13 日，9 个部门联合印发《商务部等 9 部门关于加快推进科技兴商的意见》（商建函〔2026〕551 号），2026 年 10 月 19 日对外发布。联合发文部门为商务部、中央网信办、国家发展改革委、教育部、科技部、工业和信息化部、文化和旅游部、中国人民银行、市场监管总局。

文件提出 18 条具体举措，分为四个方面，另从标准体系、基础设施、安全监管、研发转化、人才培养、财政金融六个方面优化发展环境。2026 年 10 月 19 日，国务院新闻办公室举行发布会，三个部门的有关负责人介绍了对文件的理解。

有两点定位比任何单一条款都重要。其一，这是鼓励性、方向性文件：它说明政策希望商贸科技走向哪里，并不创设申报窗口、补贴目录或某项权利。其二，相关内容分散在两个通常由不同团队负责的职能上——一侧是营销与产品，另一侧是零售与服务运营——因此值得跨部门阅读，而不是只交给政府事务团队。

18 条写了什么

商品与制造。 文件要求深入实施”人工智能 + 制造”专项行动，加快人工智能技术与产品研发、设计、制造、营销深度融合，丰富智能手机、电脑、家居、穿戴设备、机器人等智能商品供给；鼓励基于安全可靠开源操作系统的智能产品研发应用；推动老字号守正创新发展。同时鼓励发展柔性制造，应用工业大模型、边缘智能构建自适应柔性生产系统，推广按需生产、用户直连制造等新模式；基于人工智能的个性化定制单独列出。

渠道与服务。 依托消博会、数贸会、农交会等展会搭建科技成果展示、交流、交易平台，推动智能消费设施和服务向县域延伸。提升家政、餐饮等基本需求类服务水平：支持家政企业与科技企业合作打造智能家政服务平台，支持建设智慧养老机构，加快餐饮数字化转型。

前沿技术与主体。 聚焦消费品领域培育技术转移转化机构，加速脑机接口、具身智能等前沿成果向市场转化；支持智能仓储、数智供应链等领域商贸企业申报专精特新企业。

人才。 支持高校、科研院所、职业学校与商贸企业共建培训基地、实训平台；支持有条件地区建立商贸领域市域产教联合体；鼓励头部企业牵头组建产教融合共同体；推动物流机器人应用技术、智能系统管理等新职业（工种）设置。

财政金融。 统筹利用现有资金渠道推动新兴技术在消费领域普及应用；鼓励金融机构按市场化、法治化原则加大对新型消费场景的金融支持，引导加大对消费商业设施技术改造和设备更新的金融支持。

发布会上，商务部部长助理袁晓明表示意见以”新””全””实”为主要特点。商务部市场体系建设司司长孟岳介绍了面向家政、养老托育等需求鼓励打造智能家政服务平台，以及支持超高清视听与数字孪生技术在商圈、文旅、教育培训的应用。工业和信息化部科技司司长魏巍表示，将推动脑机接口、具身智能等智能终端攻关迭代，发展智能工业母机、智能农业机械、智能医疗器械。

“人工智能 + 文化和旅游”应用试点

文化和旅游部产业发展司一级巡视员周汉萍介绍，意见提出开展”人工智能 + 文化和旅游”应用试点。该部已印发《文化和旅游发展”十五五”规划》《文化产业发展”十五五”规划》，均明确”推动科技赋能文化和旅游发展”的重点任务。目前已遴选立项 14 个项目开展试点。下一步，将探索建立文化数字资产确权、定价、交易机制。

对内容企业而言，这句话的顺序才是要点。确权、定价、交易是三个不同问题，政策把它们并列提出，尚未按顺序给出答案。14 个试点为内容形态提供了有官方背书的试验场景，但并不解决生成式模型产出的内容归谁所有，也不解决其流转时如何估值。

著作权与内容权益落在哪里

意见本身不立著作权之法。它做的是把文化数字资产放上政策议程，作为需要被确权、被定价、被交易的对象——这是把生成内容当作资产、而不是当作营销物料的前提。对外资内容企业，由此有三点。

第一，资产问题先于争议问题。如果文化数字资产要确权、要定价，那么记录一件内容由什么构成的内部档案——输入素材、所用模型、人的贡献、授权条款——就具有商业意义，而不只是防御性材料。

第二，周边框架有自己的时间表。《商标法》于 2026 年 6 月 26 日通过，2027 年 1 月 1 日施行；面向中国市场的品牌方应按这一时点安排工作，而不是假定现行文本仍将适用于明年的申请。

第三，对文化产品出海的鼓励，属于商务领域数字贸易的政策口径，并不在本文件之内。从事网文、视听、动漫游戏海外发行的企业，宜把意见当作本地化与平台策略的背景，而不是某项具体支持措施的依据。

对外资企业的实务意义

把文件读成一张地图：主管部门希望商贸科技落在哪些场景，然后核对本企业在中国的主体已占其中哪几个。

对消费品牌，用户直连制造与柔性制造两条最具操作性。按需生产改变的是中国主体如何预测、如何备货、如何配置产品线，也改变对本地代工厂提出什么要求。已在中国运行独立产品线的品牌，比整体进口全球产品线的品牌更接近这些条款。

对零售与服务经营者，智能门店、餐饮数字化、智慧养老指向同一方向：科技作用于服务环节，而不是商品本身。餐饮与养老领域的外资经营者应注意，文件鼓励的是方向，并未新开准入通道，行业许可规则没有变化。

对内容与营销团队，价值在试点名单与资产议程两处。14 个立项项目说明主管部门愿意看到哪些形态被试验；文化数字资产相关工作说明估值与交易正在被研究，这提示合规与财务将在何处汇合。

有一点写得很明确却容易被忽略：这不是企业可以申报的清单。没有申报表、没有门槛、没有金额。支持如果落地，会通过配套细则与地方措施实现，而这些尚未公布。

需求侧背景值得留存：2026 年 1—9 月服务零售额同比增长 5%，快于商品零售额增速，这也是文件用一整个方面讲服务消费、以及中国区收入以商品为主的企业不应跳过服务部分的原因。

延伸阅读

  • 《中国商标法首次全面修订：外资品牌方要注意什么》（第 390 篇）——修订的实体内容，2027 年 1 月 1 日施行。
  • 《中国品质电商”五优”行动：平台与商家要做哪些调整》（第 474 篇）——同一政策脉络下的平台侧义务。

来源

  • 商务部·《商务部等 9 部门关于加快推进科技兴商的意见》全文（商建函〔2026〕551 号）：https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/zwgk/zcfb/art/2026/art_787f0441da1f4c0e8b5bad10118247f3.html
  • 中国政府网转新华社·多部门详解科技兴商（2026-10-19）：https://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/zhengce/202610/content_7083758.htm
  • 中国旅游新闻网·”人工智能+文化和旅游”应用试点与 14 个项目（2026-10-19）：https://www.ctnews.com.cn/jujiao/content/2026-10/19/content_193392.html
  • 法治网·意见四方面 18 条（2026-10-19）：https://www.legaldaily.com.cn/index/content/2026-10/19/content_9474912.html
Cybersecurity / 网络安全, Data Export / 数据出境, PIPL Compliance / 个保法合规

Xiamen’s International Data Centre Measures: Cross-Border Lines, Data Classification and the Circuit Breaker

  • Five Xiamen municipal bodies issued the Trial Measures for the Administration of International Data Centres (Xia Shu Ju Gui [2026] No. 1) on 20 October 2026; they take effect on 25 November 2026 and remain valid for two years.
    厦门市五个市级部门于 2026 年 10 月 20 日印发《厦门市国际数据中心管理办法（试行）》（厦数据规〔2026〕1 号），自 2026 年 11 月 25 日起试行，有效期 2 年。
  • Only market entities registered and actually operating in Xiamen may build, operate or use the facility, and cross-border flow, regulatory audit and substantive compliance responsibility all rest with that local entity.
    只有登记注册并实际运营在厦门市的市场主体才能建设、运营或使用该设施，跨境数据流动、监管审计与合规主体责任均由该本地主体承担。
  • Connectivity must run through a basic telecommunications operator’s dedicated cross-border link and an international gateway approved by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology; private networks, tunnelling and unlicensed lines are prohibited.
    跨境连通必须经由基础电信运营企业的跨境专用通信链路，并通过工业和信息化部批准的国际通信出入口局；私自架设虚拟专用网络、隧道技术或非法专线均被禁止。
  • Data must be classified and graded; exports of important data and of personal information above the assessment threshold still require a data export security assessment, and data subject to domestic storage rules may not leave over the link.
    数据须分类分级；重要数据出境以及达到申报门槛的个人信息出境仍须通过数据出境安全评估，要求境内存储的数据不得经该链路出境。
  • A circuit breaker lets the telecommunications authority cut the link on four defined triggers, with resumption only after rectification and approval.
    业务熔断机制允许电信主管部门在四类情形下切断链路，且仅在整改完成并经批准后方可恢复。
  • Eight business formats are cultivated, of which multinational internal management, overseas data processing, cross-border e-commerce and cross-border settlement map most directly onto existing foreign-invested operations.
    办法培育八类业态，其中跨国企业内部管理、来数加工、跨境电商与跨境结算与现有外资企业业务重合度最高。

Xiamen’s International Data Centre Measures: Cross-Border Lines, Data Classification and the Circuit Breaker | 厦门市国际数据中心管理办法（试行）：跨境专线、数据分类与业务熔断

Overview

On 20 October 2026 five Xiamen municipal bodies issued the Trial Measures for the Administration of International Data Centres (Xia Shu Ju Gui [2026] No. 1): the Xiamen Municipal Data Administration, the Office of the Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform of the CPC Xiamen Municipal Committee, the Office of the Cyberspace Affairs Commission of the CPC Xiamen Municipal Committee, the Xiamen Municipal Communications Administration and the Xiamen Airport Economic Zone Headquarters. The measures take effect on 25 November 2026 and remain valid for two years.

They rest on five instruments: the State Council reply on piloting market-based allocation of production factors, the State Council General Office opinion on trade in services, Xiamen’s services-sector pilot plan, the Provisions on Promoting and Regulating Cross-Border Data Flows, and the Xiamen Special Economic Zone Data Regulations.

The question foreign companies ask is whether one dedicated line can join their operations inside and outside China. The measures answer it in three layers, and the answer is no at each unless the conditions are met separately.

What the measures establish

Article 2 fixes the perimeter. The measures apply to market entities registered and actually operating in Xiamen that build, operate or manage an international data centre, and to the whole of the international data business conducted on that infrastructure. Cross-border data flow, regulatory audit and the substantive compliance responsibility all sit with the locally registered market entity. A group therefore cannot hold the infrastructure in one entity, the traffic in a second and the liability in a third offshore.

Articles 4 and 5 define the two operative terms. An “international data centre” is a facility whose cross-border connectivity is provided by a basic telecommunications operator through a dedicated cross-border communications link, with network security isolation in place, connected internationally through an international communications gateway station approved by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and which maintains a central equipment room and provides server hosting, cloud services and computing power services in a unified way. “International data business” means the collection, storage, processing and governance of overseas data using the international data line on that infrastructure.

Read together, the definitions close a door that had been left ajar: the centre is not a general-purpose exit.

Layer one: the infrastructure

Article 14 is the operational core. Construction and operation must meet national and industry technical standards, and the operator needs a telecommunications business operating licence and the associated qualifications. International data business must be accessed through the dedicated cross-border link provided by a basic telecommunications operator. Private connection to overseas nodes through virtual private networks, tunnelling technology or illegally operated international leased lines is expressly prohibited.

For a foreign group this removes the grey route entirely. An encrypted tunnel between a Shanghai office and a Singapore cloud region, or capacity bought from a reseller holding no international line licence, is not a tolerated practice that the measures now formalise. It is named as prohibited.

Layer two: the data

Article 15 sets the data-side conditions, and they are cumulative rather than alternative.

Data must be classified and graded according to national and industry standards. The export of important data, and the export of personal information that meets the threshold for a data export security assessment, must pass that assessment. Data that laws and regulations require to be stored within China must not flow directly abroad over the dedicated link. Cross-border transmission must use encryption technology and protocols meeting national cryptography management requirements.

The practical consequence is that the dedicated line changes the transport, not the permission. A company that would have needed a security assessment for a transfer before these measures came into force still needs one afterwards. The difference is that an assessment, once passed, can be implemented over a lawful link rather than an improvised one. The category of the data determines the route, and the route does not upgrade the category.

Layer three: liability and the circuit breaker

The measures adopt an allocation formula: whoever builds and operates is responsible, and whoever uses is responsible. Failure to honour a commitment, where it results in a data breach or another security incident or in other non-compliance, allows the regulator to suspend or terminate the relevant operations and to require rectification.

Alongside suspension sits a circuit breaker. Where monitoring identifies cross-border traffic that endangers national security, is suspected of ideological infiltration or of disseminating illegal and harmful information; where an important data breach or a large-scale unlawful outbound transfer of information has occurred or is seriously suspected of having occurred; where a sudden cyber attack or an exploited vulnerability may endanger overall network security; or where another emergency may cause serious consequences — the telecommunications authority issues a link-disposal instruction and the link is cut. Operations resume only after rectification is complete and the regulator has approved resumption.

A cut is an instruction to the link, not a court order and not a fine; it can occur while a commercial dispute is unresolved, and resumption is discretionary as to timing. Any process that depends on continuous cross-border flow should be modelled with an interruption scenario.

The business models the rules name

The measures list eight cultivated formats: data processing for overseas clients, cross-border e-commerce, cross-border settlement, gaming services, distance education, telemedicine, cross-border manufacturing and the internal management of multinational enterprises. Priority goes to international data services, computing power services and cloud services in supply chains and cross-border logistics, BRICS trade-in-services cooperation, cross-Strait integration, and artificial intelligence and large-model training.

For foreign investors, four of the eight map onto operations that already exist. Internal management is the most directly usable: a regional headquarters consolidating finance, human resources and supply-chain planning for Asia can place that workload on the infrastructure, provided the data is not in a category requiring domestic storage and any personal information crossing the threshold has cleared assessment.

Xiamen’s International Data Hub, a State Council-approved project, opened the hub and its international data service centre at the Emerging Science and Innovation Industrial Park in the Airport Economic Zone on 14 September 2026. That site is the physical referent for these rules. An operating coordination mechanism draws in the cyberspace affairs, data, communications administration, development and reform, industry and information technology, commerce, foreign affairs and public security departments, with the pilot park’s management body handling policy implementation, public services, factor guarantees, application scenarios, industry development and project attraction, and an international data service centre operating on a government-guided, park-managed, market-entity-operated basis.

Implications for foreign companies

Three checks, in order. First, is the contracting entity registered and actually operating in Xiamen? If the contract sits with a Hong Kong or Singapore entity, the measures do not apply and its cross-border flow is governed by the general regime. Second, is connectivity contracted with a basic telecommunications operator and terminated at an approved gateway? If not, the arrangement is on the prohibited list whatever its technical merits. Third, has the data been classified, and does any part require assessment or domestic storage? If yes, the line is available only for the portion that clears it.

The official reading is direct. The responsible official of the Xiamen Municipal Data Administration, as reported by Xiamen Daily, stated that an international data centre is not a channel that bypasses existing rules and lets all data leave freely, and that enterprises must still perform their compliance obligations according to data type, business scenario and the relevant law.

Sources

  • 厦门市数据管理局等五部门·关于印发《厦门市国际数据中心管理办法（试行）》的通知（厦数据规〔2026〕1号，2026-10-20印发），含办法全文：https://as.xm.gov.cn/zwgk/zfxx/zc/xzgfxwj/202610/t20261022_3022410.htm
  • 厦门市人民政府·政务公开（厦门市数据管理局政策文件发布栏目）：https://www.xm.gov.cn/
  • 厦门网（厦门日报）·《厦门市国际数据中心管理办法（试行）》印发（2026-10-20），转载办法全文：https://www.xmnn.cn/news/xmxw/202610/t20261024_457606.html
  • 厦门网·厦门市国际数据枢纽港与金砖创新基地建设（2026-10-13）：https://www.xmnn.cn/news/xmxw/202610/t20261013_455584.html

厦门市国际数据中心管理办法（试行）：跨境专线、数据分类与业务熔断

概述

2026 年 10 月 20 日，厦门市数据管理局、中共厦门市委全面深化改革委员会办公室、中共厦门市委网络安全和信息化委员会办公室、厦门市通信管理局、厦门临空经济片区指挥部五个市级部门联合印发《厦门市国际数据中心管理办法（试行）》，文号为厦数据规〔2026〕1 号。办法自 2026 年 11 月 25 日起试行，有效期 2 年。

依据为五份文件：国务院关于部分地区要素市场化配置综合改革试点的批复、国务院办公厅关于以高水平开放推动服务贸易高质量发展的意见、《厦门市服务业扩大开放综合试点实施方案》《促进和规范数据跨境流动规定》以及《厦门经济特区数据条例》。

外资企业关心的问题是：能否用一条专线把境内外的业务打通。办法的答案分三层，每层的答案都是”不能”，除非各层条件分别满足。

办法确立了哪些规则

第二条划定适用范围：在厦门市登记注册并实际运营的市场主体，开展国际数据中心建设、运营、管理，以及依托该基础设施从事国际数据业务的全部活动。跨境数据流动、监管审计以及合规主体责任，均由厦门本地注册的市场主体承担。这意味着一个集团不能把基础设施放在一个主体、把流量放在第二个主体、把责任放在境外的第三个主体。

第四条与第五条界定两个核心概念。”国际数据中心”，指由基础电信运营企业提供跨境专用通信链路、落实网络安全隔离、经工业和信息化部批准的国际通信出入口局实现跨境连通，建有中心机房并统一提供服务器架设、云服务及算力服务的设施。”国际数据业务”，指依托国际数据中心、利用国际数据专线，对境外数据提供收集、存储、加工、治理等服务。

两条定义合起来读，等于把一扇原本半开的门关上了：这个中心不是一条通用出口。

第一层：基础设施

第十四条是操作层面的核心。建设运营须符合国家及行业技术标准，并需具备电信业务经营许可证及相关资质。国际数据业务必须通过基础电信运营企业提供的跨境专用通信链路接入。私自通过虚拟专用网络、隧道技术或非法经营的国际专线连接海外节点，被明令禁止。

对跨国集团而言，这一条把灰色路径整体移除了。在上海办公室与新加坡云区域之间自建加密隧道，或向并不持有国际专线牌照的转售商购买带宽，并非办法予以默许、随后加以规范的实践，而是被直接列为禁止事项。

第二层：数据

第十五条设定数据侧的条件，且这些条件累加适用，不能相互替代。

数据须按国家及行业标准分类分级。重要数据出境，以及符合应当申报数据出境安全评估条件的个人信息出境，必须通过数据出境安全评估。法律法规要求境内存储的数据，严禁通过跨境专用链路直接流向境外。跨境传输应采用符合国家密码管理要求的加密技术和协议。

实务上的结论是：专线改变的是传输方式，不是许可本身。在办法出台之前需要做安全评估的传输，在办法出台之后仍然需要。区别只在于，评估通过之后，可以落在一条合法链路上实施，而不是靠临时搭起来的通道。数据的类别决定走哪条路，路径不会反过来提升数据的类别。

第三层：责任与熔断

办法采用一条归责公式：谁建设运营谁负责，谁使用谁负责。未履行承诺造成数据泄露等安全事件或其他违规的，监管部门可暂停或终止相关运营活动，并要求整改。

与暂停并列的是业务熔断机制。监测到跨境流量存在危害国家安全、涉嫌意识形态渗透或传播违法有害信息；发生或重大涉嫌发生重要数据泄露、大规模信息非法出境；突发网络攻击或漏洞被恶意利用且可能危及整体网络安全；或其他可能引发严重后果的紧急状态——出现上述情形之一，由电信主管部门依法下达链路处置指令，执行熔断。整改完成并报经监管部门批准后，方可恢复。

熔断是对链路下达的指令，不是法院裁定，也不是罚款。它可能在一项商业争议尚未解决时发生，恢复时点由监管部门裁量。任何依赖持续跨境流动的流程，都应按中断场景建模。

办法点名的业态

办法列出八类培育业态：来数加工、跨境电商、跨境结算、游戏服务、远程教育、远程医疗、跨境制造、跨国企业内部管理。重点发展供应链与跨境物流、金砖国家服务贸易合作、两岸融合发展，以及人工智能与大模型训练等领域的国际数据服务、算力服务及云服务。

对外资企业而言，八类之中有四类与既有业务直接重合。跨国企业内部管理最易落地：一个负责亚洲财务、人力资源与供应链计划的区域总部，可以把这部分工作负载放到该基础设施上，前提是所涉数据不属于要求境内存储的类别，且跨境部分中的个人信息已通过评估。

厦门国际数据枢纽港为国务院批复项目，2026 年 9 月 14 日在厦门临空经济片区新兴科创产业园揭牌国际数据枢纽港暨国际数据服务中心，即上述规则对应的物理场所。运营协调机制由网信、数据、通信管理、发展改革、工业和信息化、商务、外办、公安等部门按职责分工推进，试点园区管理机构负责政策实施、公共服务、要素保障、场景应用、产业发展与项目招引，并建立”政府引导、园区管理、市场主体运营”的国际数据服务中心。

对外资企业的实务意义

按顺序做三项核查。第一，签约主体是否在厦门登记注册并实际运营？如果合同签在香港或新加坡主体名下，办法不适用，其跨境流动适用一般制度。第二，连通是否与基础电信运营企业签约、链路是否终止于获批出入口局？若不是，无论技术方案多么优越，该安排都在禁止清单上。第三，数据是否已完成分类分级，其中是否有部分需要评估或境内存储？若是，专线仅对通过的部分可用。

官方口径同样直接。厦门市数据管理局负责人在接受厦门日报采访时表示，国际数据中心并不是可以绕开现有规定、让所有数据自由出境的通道，企业仍须按数据类型、业务场景和相关法律履行合规义务。

来源

  • 厦门市数据管理局·《厦门市国际数据中心管理办法（试行）》印发通知（厦数据规〔2026〕1 号，2026-10-22）：https://as.xm.gov.cn/zwgk/zfxx/zc/xzgfxwj/202610/t20261022_3022410.htm
  • 厦门网转厦门日报·办法解读，含”不是绕开规定的通道”表述（2026-10-24）：https://www.xmnn.cn/news/xmxw/202610/t20261024_457606.html
  • 腾讯新闻·转载厦门日报解读（2026-10-24）：https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20261024A0669900
  • 厦门网·金砖创新基地若干措施，含”深度参与建设厦门国际数据枢纽港”（2026-10-13）：https://www.xmnn.cn/news/xmxw/202610/t20261013_455584.html
Admission Approval / 准入审批, Policy Updates / 政策动态, Sector Restrictions / 分行业限制

China’s Three Negative Lists for Services Opening: What the 22 October 2026 Briefing Confirmed

  • At the 22 October 2026 State Council Information Office briefing, the Ministry of Commerce named three negative lists — foreign investment access, cross-border trade in services, and cross-border data flow — as the handle for expanding voluntary opening in priority sectors.
    在 2026 年 10 月 22 日国务院新闻办公室发布会上，商务部把外商投资准入、跨境服务贸易、数据跨境流动三张负面清单确定为扩大重点领域自主开放的抓手。
  • The three lists answer three different questions: whether a foreign investor may hold equity, whether a service may be delivered across the border without an establishment, and whether data may leave the territory.
    三张清单回答三个不同的问题：外资能否持股、服务能否不设机构跨境交付、数据能否出境。
  • China now has 23 pilot free trade zones after Inner Mongolia was added in April 2026; nine zones plus the Hainan Free Trade Port have issued data export negative lists covering 28 industry fields.
    2026 年 4 月新设内蒙古自贸试验区后，自贸试验区总数达 23 个；北京、上海、广东等 9 个自贸试验区和海南自由贸易港已发布数据出境负面清单，涵盖 28 个行业领域。
  • In January–August 2026 the 23 pilot zones recorded RMB 8 trillion in imports and exports and RMB 128.74 billion in utilised foreign investment, up 36.7% and 19.3% year on year, or 23.1% and 26.8% of the national totals.
    2026 年 1—8 月，23 个自贸试验区进出口总额 8 万亿元、实际使用外资 1 287.4 亿元，同比分别增长 36.7% 和 19.3%，占全国的 23.1% 和 26.8%。
  • Utilised foreign investment fell 4.3% year on year in January–September, a narrowing of 6.1 percentage points from the same period last year, while high-tech sectors rose 33.8% and reached 41.6% of the total.
    1—9 月全国实际使用外资同比下降 4.3%，降幅较去年同期收窄 6.1 个百分点；高技术产业引资增长 33.8%，占比 41.6%。
  • The next opening steps named were pilots in cloud computing, biotechnology and wholly foreign-owned hospitals, support for more qualified offshore issuers of panda bonds, and national treatment in government procurement, tendering and standard-setting.
    下一步开放举措包括云计算、生物技术、独资医院等领域试点，支持更多符合条件的境外主体在华发行熊猫债，以及在政府采购、招投标、标准制定中落实国民待遇。
  • The 29-measure national services list and 27-measure pilot-zone list are an existing public position from June 2026, not an October measure; the NDRC’s talk of a timely reduction is a press account and no revised list has been issued.
    服务业全国版 29 条、自贸试验区版 27 条是 2026 年 6 月的既有公开口径，不是 10 月新政；国家发展改革委关于”适时缩减”的表述属报道口径，修订清单尚未出台。

China’s Three Negative Lists for Services Opening: What the 22 October 2026 Briefing Confirmed | 中国服务业开放的三张负面清单：2026 年 10 月 22 日发布会确认了什么

Overview

On 22 October 2026 the State Council Information Office held a briefing in its “opening the 15th Five-Year Plan” series on high-quality development of commerce during the period. Vice Minister of Commerce Jiang Chenghua attended, together with Wu Di of the department of foreign investment administration, Yang Tao of the department of foreign trade, and Yang Mu of the department of market operation and consumption promotion.

Wu Di’s answers are the part that matters for foreign investors. The next stage of pilot free trade zone work, he said, will take three negative lists as its handle — foreign investment access, cross-border trade in services, and cross-border data flow — to expand voluntary opening in priority fields. Alongside them he put support for new forms of business such as cross-border e-commerce and bonded maintenance, and more active international cooperation between free trade parks.

The three lists are routinely treated as one instrument. They are not: each answers a different question, is issued by a different authority, and is consulted at a different point in a project.

Three lists, three different questions

Foreign investment access negative list — may a foreign investor hold equity here at all. This list decides whether a sector is open, restricted (a Chinese partner required, or a cap on the foreign share), or prohibited. It governs establishment and equity acquisition, and it is what a company checks before drafting a joint venture or a wholly foreign-owned structure. According to the Ministry of Commerce’s briefing of 22 June 2026 — an existing public position, not an October measure — restrictions in manufacturing had been reduced to zero, while the services list carried 29 measures in the national version and 27 in the pilot-zone version.

Cross-border trade in services negative list — may the service be delivered across the border without a commercial presence. This list governs supply from outside the territory: a design studio serving Chinese clients from abroad, a remote data-processing service, a foreign institution delivering courses online. A business can sit entirely outside the foreign investment access list and still meet this one, because no entity is being established. The two lists therefore have to be read together for any service that is delivered remotely but also sold through a local presence.

Cross-border data flow negative list — may the data leave. Issued by pilot free trade zones and by the Hainan Free Trade Port, these lists describe by industry and by data category what may be transferred abroad. Under the current data export regime, transfers that fall outside the applicable local list are relieved of the security assessment, the standard contract filing and the certification route. Wu Di said nine pilot zones — Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong among them — together with the Hainan Free Trade Port had issued such lists, covering 28 industry fields.

Two consequences follow. The relief is procedural, not substantive: the Personal Information Protection Law, the Data Security Law and sectoral rules continue to apply, so a transfer outside the list must still be lawful on its own terms. And the lists are local, so a group with operations in several provinces may face several different answers for the same data set.

What the briefing added on the zones themselves

Inner Mongolia’s pilot zone was established in April 2026, bringing the total to 23. In the zone’s first half year of operation, from April to September, the two hub ports at Manzhouli and Erenhot handled 5,719 China–Europe freight trains between them, 17.5% more than a year earlier.

The Ministry of Commerce and the State Administration for Market Regulation have also supported four pilot zones, including Hebei, and the Hainan Free Trade Port in a first batch of standardised voluntary opening pilots — an effort to make opening measures comparable and repeatable rather than zone-specific.

Wu Di set the work under three headings: strengthening the zones’ function as a source of reform and innovation to lead new quality productive forces; expanding high-level voluntary opening to lead deeper international economic and commercial cooperation, which is where the three lists sit; and serving major national strategies, through cross-regional coordination among the zones of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Yellow River basin, and replication of reform results nationwide or in specific regions.

The numbers presented

Utilised foreign investment in January–September 2026 fell 4.3% year on year, a narrowing of 6.1 percentage points compared with the same period of 2025. High-tech sectors attracted 33.8% more and accounted for 41.6% of the total. Reinvested profits reached RMB 93.99 billion in the nine months, up 4.7%, with their share 1.5 percentage points higher than a year earlier. Within high-tech, R&D and design services rose 59.2%, energy-saving and environmental-protection industries 11.1%, and digital economy industries 7%.

There are more than 560,000 foreign-invested enterprises in the country. This year has added 84 key projects and 6 flagship projects, with total investment close to USD 20 billion.

For the zones, January–August figures put imports and exports at RMB 8 trillion and utilised foreign investment at RMB 128.74 billion, up 36.7% and 19.3%, or 23.1% and 26.8% of the national totals.

What comes next, and what is not yet decided

Wu Di listed the next opening steps: deepening pilots in cloud computing, biotechnology and wholly foreign-owned hospitals; advancing the national comprehensive pilot programme for opening the services sector; supporting more qualified offshore institutions to issue panda bonds onshore; fully implementing national treatment for foreign-invested enterprises, with government procurement, tendering and standard-setting treating them alike; and making the foreign enterprise roundtable more effective.

Separately, Shanghai Securities News reported on 16 October that the National Development and Reform Commission intends during the 15th Five-Year Plan period to open telecommunications, the internet, education, culture and healthcare in an orderly way and to reduce the foreign investment access negative list at an appropriate time. That is a press account of an intention. No revised list has been published, and no timetable attaches to it.

Implications for foreign companies

Sequence the three lists before committing to a structure. A service delivered remotely is a cross-border trade question first; a service sold through a local entity is an access question first; and either may then raise a data question if personal information or important data crosses the border. Treating the three as a single gate leads to the common error of clearing the access list and then discovering that the delivery model or the data flow is the binding constraint.

Use the local data list, and read it at field level. The 28 industry fields covered by the nine zones and Hainan are not a national list, and the relief they offer attaches to transfers that the list describes. A company should obtain the text of the list for the province where the exporting entity sits, map its actual transfers — fields, purpose, recipient — against it, and keep the mapping on file. Where a transfer falls inside the list, the security assessment or standard contract route still applies.

Do not build a plan on the negative list revision. The 29 and 27 figures are current, the intention to reduce them has been reported but not published, and sectors named for opening — telecommunications, the internet, education, culture, healthcare — are precisely those where a specific implementing measure, not a headline, determines whether a project can proceed.

Related reading

  • *China’s 15-Measure Action Plan for Stabilising Foreign Investment: A Clause-by-Clause Guide* (Article 471) — the action plan’s market access and facilitation items, including the data export negative list work, are analysed there.

Sources

  • 国务院新闻办公室·2026-10-22「开局起步’十五五’」系列主题新闻发布会（商务部推进「十五五」时期商务高质量发展有关情况），含发布会文字实录：http://www.scio.gov.cn/
  • 中国（河南）自由贸易试验区郑州片区·商务部出题，自贸试验区要做好「三个引领」大文章（2026-10-22），含吴迪关于三张负面清单的原话与自贸试验区数据：https://zzftz.zhengzhou.gov.cn/zmdt/10311269.jhtml
  • 中国（湖南）自由贸易试验区·吴迪答记者问实录（2026-10-23）：https://ftz.hunan.gov.cn/hnzm/list01/202610/t20261023_34087161.html
  • 中华人民共和国商务部·外国投资管理司（外商投资准入负面清单、自贸试验区工作主管司局）：https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/

中国服务业开放的三张负面清单：2026 年 10 月 22 日发布会确认了什么

概述

2026 年 10 月 22 日，国务院新闻办公室举行”开局起步’十五五'”系列主题新闻发布会，介绍推进”十五五”时期商务高质量发展有关情况。商务部副部长蒋成华出席，商务部外国投资管理司负责人吴迪、对外贸易司司长杨涛、市场运行和消费促进司司长杨沐一同出席。

对外资企业而言，信息量集中在吴迪的回答里。他表示，下一步自贸试验区工作将以外商投资准入、跨境服务贸易、数据跨境流动三张负面清单为抓手，扩大重点领域自主开放；同时支持跨境电商、保税维修等新业态新模式创新发展，主动加强自贸园区国际合作。

这个表述值得拆开看，因为三张清单在实践中常被当成一件工具。它们并不是。三者回答的是三个不同的问题，发布主体不同，在一笔投资的不同阶段被查阅。

三张清单回答三个不同的问题

外商投资准入负面清单：外资在这一行业能不能持股。 这张清单决定一个行业是开放、限制（须有中方合资方，或外资股比有上限）还是禁止。它管的是设立与股权取得，企业在起草合资或外商独资架构之前查阅的就是它。按商务部 2026 年 6 月 22 日发布会口径（属既有公开信息，不是 10 月的新政策），制造业领域外商投资准入负面清单的限制措施已经”清零”；服务业领域，全国版为 29 条，自贸试验区版为 27 条。

跨境服务贸易负面清单：这项服务能不能不设机构、从境外直接交付。 这张清单管的是跨境提供：境外设计机构为中国客户提供服务、境外主体远程提供数据处理服务、境外教育机构在线授课，都落在它的范围内。一家企业可以完全不触及外商投资准入清单，却撞上这一张，因为整个交易里没有任何主体设立动作。对既远程交付、又通过本地机构销售的服务，两张清单必须合起来读。

数据出境负面清单：数据能不能出去。 这类清单由自贸试验区和海南自由贸易港发布，按行业、按数据类别列明哪些数据可以传输至境外。按现行数据出境管理制度，落在本地负面清单范围之外的数据出境，可免于申报数据出境安全评估、订立个人信息出境标准合同、通过个人信息保护认证。吴迪介绍，已有北京、上海、广东等 9 个自贸试验区和海南自由贸易港制定发布数据出境负面清单，涵盖 28 个行业领域。

这一结构带来两个后果。其一，豁免是程序性的，不是实体义务的免除：《个人信息保护法》《数据安全法》以及分行业规定仍然适用，清单之外的数据出境本身仍须合法。其二，清单是地方性的，一个在多个省份有实体的集团，同一套数据可能面对几个不同答案。

发布会补充的自贸试验区情况

2026 年 4 月新设内蒙古自贸试验区，总数达 23 个。该试验区运行的首个半年，即 4 月至 9 月，满洲里、二连浩特两大综合枢纽口岸合计过境中欧班列 5 719 列，同比增长 17.5%。

商务部还将会同市场监管总局，支持河北等 4 个自贸试验区和海南自由贸易港开展首批标准化自主开放试点。这项工作的指向是让开放举措可比、可复制，而不是停留在单个试验区的个案安排上。

吴迪把工作归入”三个引领”：一是强化改革创新策源功能，引领发展新质生产力；二是扩大高水平自主开放，引领深化国际经贸合作，三张负面清单属于这一条；三是深入服务国家重大战略，包括京津冀、长三角、长江经济带、黄河流域各自贸试验区的跨区域协同联动，以及改革成果向全国或特定区域复制推广。

发布会给出的数据

2026 年 1—9 月，全国实际使用外资同比下降 4.3%，降幅较去年同期收窄 6.1 个百分点。高技术产业引资增长 33.8%，占比 41.6%。1—9 月利润再投资 939.9 亿元，同比增长 4.7%，占比较去年同期提高 1.5 个百分点。高技术产业内部，研发与设计服务业引资同比增长 59.2%，节能环保清洁产业增长 11.1%，数字经济产业增长 7%。

存量外资企业超过 56 万家。今年以来全国新增 84 个重点外资项目、6 个标志性项目，总投资近 200 亿美元。

自贸试验区方面，1—8 月 23 个自贸试验区进出口总额 8 万亿元、实际使用外资 1 287.4 亿元，同比分别增长 36.7% 和 19.3%，占全国的 23.1% 和 26.8%。23 个试验区在全国版图上占比不大，却承载了约四分之一的贸易额和外资流入。

下一步，以及尚未确定的部分

吴迪列出的下一步开放方向包括：深化云计算、生物技术、独资医院等领域开放试点；深入推进国家服务业扩大开放综合试点示范；支持更多符合条件的境外主体在华发行熊猫债；全面落实外资企业国民待遇，在政府采购、招投标、标准制定中一视同仁；放大外资企业圆桌会效能。

另据上海证券报 10 月 16 日报道，国家发展改革委表示”十五五”时期将推动电信、互联网、教育、文化、医疗等领域有序扩大开放，适时缩减外资准入负面清单。这是媒体报道的取向表述，修订后的清单尚未公布，也没有附带时间表。

对外资企业的实务意义

先给三张清单排顺序，再定架构。远程交付的服务，第一关是跨境服务贸易；通过本地实体销售的服务，第一关是准入；两者都可能再引出数据问题，如果涉及个人信息或重要数据出境。把三者当成一道门，最常见的错误是过了准入这一关，才发现真正卡住的是交付模式或数据流向。

数据清单要用本地的，并且读到字段一级。9 个自贸试验区加海南覆盖的 28 个行业领域不是一张全国清单，其提供的便利只附着于清单所描述的那些出境情形。企业应取得导出主体所在省份的清单文本，把实际发生的传输按字段、用途、接收方列出来逐项比对，并把这份比对留档。落在清单范围之内的，安全评估或标准合同路径仍然适用。

不要把方案建立在负面清单修订上。29 条和 27 条是现行口径，”适时缩减”是报道出来的取向而非已公布文本；被点到的电信、互联网、教育、文化、医疗，恰恰是具体实施办法而非标题决定项目能否推进的领域。

延伸阅读

  • 《中国利用外资固稳促优行动方案 15 条逐条解读》（第 471 篇）——行动方案中的市场准入与投资便利化条目，包括数据出境负面清单相关工作，在该文中已有分析。

来源

  • 中国（湖南）自由贸易试验区官网·吴迪答记者问实录（2026-10-23）：https://ftz.hunan.gov.cn/hnzm/list01/202610/t20261023_34087161.html
  • 中央纪委国家监委网站·发布会通稿（2026-10-22）：https://www.ccdi.gov.cn/yaowenn/202610/t20261022_518426.html
  • 央视网经济频道·外资布局新赛道与发布会数据（2026-10-23）：https://jingji.cctv.cn/2026/10/23/ARTIKXXhnhiRiggsF0aRFJZY261023.shtml
  • 上海证券报·外商直接投资权益存量与国家发展改革委口径（2026-10-16）：https://paper.cnstock.com/html/2026-10/16/content_2277771.htm
Capital & Cross-border / 资金跨境, Policy Updates / 政策动态, VIE Structure / VIE架构

China’s New Outbound Investment Measures: What the 1 December 2026 Switch Means for Onshore Groups

  • The National Development and Reform Commission published the Measures for the Administration of Outbound Investment on 22 October 2026; it was adopted at the commission’s 39th executive meeting on 15 October and takes effect on 1 December 2026, when the 2017 measures for overseas investment by enterprises are repealed.
    国家发展改革委于 2026 年 10 月 22 日公布《对外投资管理办法》，该办法经 2026 年 10 月 15 日第 39 次委务会议审议通过，自 2026 年 12 月 1 日起施行，届时 2017 年《企业境外投资管理办法》同步废止。
  • The measures run to 76 articles in six chapters and implement State Council Decree No. 837 on Outbound Investment, which took effect on 1 July 2026.
    办法共 76 条、分六章，是国务院令第 837 号《国务院关于对外投资的规定》（2026 年 7 月 1 日起施行）的实施规则。
  • Investors are defined as enterprises, other organisations and resident individuals within China, so a Chinese national executive or founder holding an offshore platform through a personal vehicle is within scope.
    投资者范围明确为”境内的企业、其他组织和居民个人”，中国籍高管或创始人以个人持股平台持有境外权益的，同样在适用范围之内。
  • Reinvestment abroad is itself outbound investment, which brings multi-layer offshore holding structures, including contractual control arrangements, into the reporting system.
    投资者在境外再投资的，本身即属于对外投资，多层境外控股架构以及以协议方式控制境外企业或资产的情形都被纳入报告体系。
  • Three reporting duties are added or refined: an annual outbound investment report, a report on material adverse situations, and an early-stage work report for a small number of large projects bearing on diplomatic relations.
    办法设置或完善三项报告义务：对外投资信息年度报告、重大不利情况报告，以及少数金额大、关乎外交关系的项目的前期工作情况报告。
  • Existing channels are preserved: investors may continue to invest in offshore financial markets through QDII, Stock Connect and the Cross-boundary Wealth Management Connect.
    既有渠道得到保留：投资者可继续通过合格境内机构投资者、港股通、跨境理财通等渠道在境外金融市场投资。
  • The measures revise the 2017 rules rather than replace the separate NDRC, commerce and foreign exchange regimes, and they do not alter foreign investment access into China.
    办法是对 2017 年办法的修订，不替代发展改革、商务、外汇三套现行规则，也不改变境外资本进入中国的准入条件。

China’s New Outbound Investment Measures: What the 1 December 2026 Switch Means for Onshore Groups | 中国《对外投资管理办法》：2026 年 12 月 1 日施行对外资集团中国区架构意味着什么

Overview

The National Development and Reform Commission published the Measures for the Administration of Outbound Investment on 22 October 2026. The text was adopted at the commission’s 39th executive meeting on 15 October, runs to 76 articles in six chapters — general provisions, guidance and services, supervision, protection, legal liability, and supplementary provisions — and takes effect on 1 December 2026. On that date the 2017 Measures for the Administration of Overseas Investment by Enterprises are repealed.

The measures sit under the State Council’s Provisions on Outbound Investment, issued as Decree No. 837, adopted at the 83rd executive meeting on 17 April 2026 and in force since 1 July 2026. The relationship is one of framework and implementation: the decree sets the general regime, the measures supply the operative rules.

Why this is not only an outbound story

The measures are usually read as a file for Chinese companies going abroad. For a foreign-invested group, the operative fact is different: the Chinese subsidiary is itself a domestic investor. When it acquires a plant in a third country, sets up a holding company in Singapore or the Netherlands, or takes a stake through an offshore fund, the transaction is outbound investment by a Chinese entity and falls inside this regime. The same is true of a Chinese national executive or founder who holds an offshore platform through a personal vehicle, because the investor category now covers resident individuals.

This does not change whether foreign capital may enter China. It changes what a China-based group must report when capital leaves.

What counts as outbound investment

Article 2 treats outbound investment as synonymous with overseas investment: acquiring, directly or indirectly, ownership, control, operational management or other related rights and interests in an overseas enterprise or asset by contributing assets, equity or rights, or by providing financing or guarantees. Reinvestment abroad by an investor is itself outbound investment — a point that determines how multi-layer structures are treated, since a platform below a platform is not outside the regime.

The article lists the situations covered: acquiring ownership or use rights of overseas land; concession rights for exploration and development of natural resources; ownership or operational management rights over overseas infrastructure; ownership or operational management rights over an overseas enterprise, other organisation or asset; building or expanding fixed assets abroad; establishing an overseas enterprise or increasing investment in an existing one; setting up or taking a stake in an overseas equity investment fund; and controlling an overseas enterprise or asset by agreement, trust or similar arrangement.

That last item is the one to note for holding structures. Contractual control — the arrangement used where equity ownership is not the mechanism — is expressly within the definition. “Control” means holding more than half of the voting rights directly or indirectly, or holding half or less while being able to direct important matters concerning operations, finance, personnel or technology.

Three strands of revision

The revision is presented in three strands.

Aligning with current practice. The investor category is defined as enterprises, other organisations and resident individuals within China, consistent with Decree No. 837, which the commission describes as further giving effect to the standing of all categories of investor. Investors may continue to use qualified domestic institutional investor quotas, Stock Connect and the Cross-boundary Wealth Management Connect to invest in offshore financial markets, so the new regime does not close those channels.

Protecting outbound interests. The regime for reporting material adverse situations is improved, and an annual reporting system for outbound investment information is established. The scope expressly covers situations where an overseas entity is asked to provide technology or data, or to dispose of equity or assets.

Preventing overseas risk. Reporting of overseas reinvestment is refined, and an early-stage work report is required for a small number of projects that are large in amount and bear on China’s diplomatic relations with the relevant countries.

The scale behind the rules

At the commission’s press briefing, outbound investment flows were put at USD 158.3 billion in 2017 rising to USD 213.6 billion in 2025, and the stock at USD 1.8 trillion rising to USD 3.4 trillion. A 2017 rule set drafted for a smaller flow is being replaced by one written for a stock that has nearly doubled.

The briefing also characterised the drafting method in four phrases — benchmarking, problem orientation, overall continuity, and linkage with adjacent rules — and stated plainly that the measures revise the 2017 rules rather than replace the three existing regimes operated by the development and reform, commerce, and foreign exchange authorities. Read with Decree No. 837, the pair forms a general framework plus implementing rules.

Implications for foreign-invested groups in China

Map the group’s China-to-third-country flows before 1 December. Three patterns recur: a Chinese manufacturing subsidiary building or buying capacity in Southeast Asia or Europe; a Chinese entity holding a stake in a group’s offshore holding company; and a China-based fund or investment company taking a position through an offshore vehicle. Each is an outbound investment by a domestic investor, and each should be assessed against the definition rather than against the label the group uses internally.

Treat every layer as reportable. Because reinvestment abroad is outbound investment, a structure that inserts a new holding company between an existing platform and an operating subsidiary is not an internal reorganisation outside the regime. Groups that built layered structures on the assumption that only the first hop mattered should re-examine the chain, including any layer held through contractual rather than equity control.

Build the three reports into the compliance calendar. The annual report is a recurring obligation and needs an owner, a data source and a filing date. The material adverse situation report is event-driven and should be tied to the group’s existing escalation routes, particularly where an overseas authority or partner seeks technology or data from the Chinese entity, or where a disposal of equity or assets is required. The early-stage work report applies to a narrow set of large projects; it is better identified at screening than discovered at filing.

Check the individual layer. Where a Chinese national founder or executive holds shares in the offshore parent through a personal vehicle, the resident individual category now applies to that holding and to any reinvestment beneath it. This is the point at which a structure designed for a different era most often needs revisiting, and it is also the point at which advice should be taken on how the holding is characterised.

Note what does not change. Foreign investment access, the negative lists, and the establishment regime for foreign-invested enterprises are untouched. The commerce and foreign exchange filing and registration steps that accompany an outbound project continue alongside the development and reform procedure. And a group that invests into China from abroad is not, by that fact, an outbound investor.

Related reading

  • *China’s Three Negative Lists for Services Opening: What the 22 October 2026 Briefing Confirmed* (Article 479) — inbound access, and why the three lists are separate instruments.

Sources

  • 国家发展和改革委员会·《对外投资管理办法》答记者问（2026-10-22）：https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/jd/jd/202610/t20261022_1408302.html
  • 国家发展和改革委员会·政府信息公开·《对外投资管理办法》全文（国家发展改革委令，2026-10-22 公布，2026-12-01 施行）：https://zfxxgk.ndrc.gov.cn/wap/iteminfo.jsp?id=20667
  • 金昌市商务局·《国务院关于对外投资的规定》（国务院令第 837 号）全文转载（地方政府部门官网）：https://shangwj.jcs.gov.cn/zwgk/fdzdgknr/qtfdxx/art/2026/art_39d1013fb42d45578455be2acae2981d.html
  • 中国政府网·国务院令第 837 号《国务院关于对外投资的规定》：https://www.gov.cn/

中国《对外投资管理办法》：2026 年 12 月 1 日施行对外资集团中国区架构意味着什么

概述

国家发展改革委于 2026 年 10 月 22 日公布《对外投资管理办法》。该办法经 2026 年 10 月 15 日第 39 次委务会议审议通过，共 76 条，分六章：总则、对外投资指导和服务、对外投资监管、对外投资保护、法律责任、附则。办法自 2026 年 12 月 1 日起施行，届时 2017 年《企业境外投资管理办法》同步废止。

办法的上位依据是《国务院关于对外投资的规定》（国务院令第 837 号）。该规定经 2026 年 4 月 17 日国务院第 83 次常务会议通过，2026 年 5 月 5 日公布，自 2026 年 7 月 1 日起施行。两者的关系是总纲与实施规则：837 号令确立基本制度，办法提供可操作的规则。

这不只是”向外投”的事

这份文件通常被当作中国企业走出去的办事指南来读。对外资集团而言，关键事实不同：中国子公司本身就是境内投资者。当它收购第三国的工厂、在新加坡或荷兰设立控股公司、或者通过境外基金参股时，这笔交易就是境内主体的对外投资，落入本办法。中国籍高管或创始人以个人持股平台持有境外权益的情形同样如此，因为投资者类别已经涵盖居民个人。

这不改变境外资本能否进入中国，改变的是中国境内集团在资金出去时需要报告什么。

什么构成对外投资

办法第二条把对外投资等同于境外投资：以投入资产、权益或提供融资、担保等方式，直接或间接获得境外企业、资产等所有权、控制权、经营管理权及其他相关权益。投资者在境外再投资的，属于对外投资——这一句决定了多层架构怎么处理，因为平台之下的平台并不在制度之外。

该条列举了纳入的情形：获取境外土地所有权或使用权；自然资源勘探开发特许权；境外基础设施所有权或经营管理权；境外企业或其他组织、资产的所有权或经营管理权；新建或改扩建境外固定资产；新建境外企业或向既有境外企业增加投资；新设或参股境外股权投资基金；通过协议或信托等方式控制境外企业或资产。

最后一项对控股架构最需要注意。协议控制——在股权持有不是控制机制时所采用的那种安排——被明确写入定义。”控制”指直接或间接拥有半数以上表决权，或者虽不拥有半数以上表决权，但能够支配经营、财务、人事、技术等重要事项。

修订的三个方面

这次修订被概括为三个方面。

契合发展实际。 投资者范围明确为”境内的企业、其他组织和居民个人”，与 837 号令一致，国家发展改革委称这是进一步落实各类投资者的对外投资主体地位。投资者可继续通过合格境内机构投资者、港股通、跨境理财通等渠道在境外金融市场投资，新制度并未关闭这些通道。

保护对外投资权益。 完善重大不利情况报告制度，设置对外投资信息年度报告制度。覆盖范围明确包括境外主体被要求提供技术、数据，或者被要求处分股权、资产等情形。

防范境外风险。 完善境外再投资报告等制度；对少数金额大、关乎中国与有关国家外交关系的项目，设置前期工作情况报告制度。

规则背后的规模

国家发展改革委在答记者问中给出的数字是：对外投资流量从 2017 年 1 583 亿美元增至 2025 年 2 136 亿美元，存量从 1.8 万亿美元增至 3.4 万亿美元。为较小流量起草的 2017 年规则，正被一份面向已接近翻倍存量的规则替代。

答记者问用四句话概括起草方法：对标对表、问题导向、总体延续、衔接联动；并明确说明，新办法是对 2017 年办法的修订，不替代发展改革、商务、外汇三套现行规则。与 837 号令合起来看，两者形成”总纲 + 实施规则”的关系。

对外资集团中国区架构的实务意义

在 12 月 1 日之前，把集团”中国到第三国”的流向画出来。常见的有三种：中国制造子公司到东南亚或欧洲建厂、买厂；中国实体持有集团境外控股公司的股权；境内基金或投资公司通过境外载体持股。三种都是境内投资者的对外投资，应当按定义判断，而不是按集团内部使用的名称判断。

把每一层都当作需要报告的对象。由于境外再投资本身属于对外投资，在既有平台与经营子公司之间插入一家新的控股公司，并不是制度之外的内部重组。那些按”只有第一跳才重要”的假设搭建多层架构的集团，应重新梳理整条链条，包括以协议而非股权方式持有的层级。

把三份报告放进合规日历。年度报告是周期性义务，需要有责任人、数据来源和报送时点。重大不利情况报告由事件触发，应挂到集团既有的上报路径上，尤其是境外主管机关或合作方要求中国实体提供技术、数据，或者要求处分股权、资产的时候。前期工作情况报告只适用于范围很窄的大额项目，在立项筛查阶段识别，比在申报环节发现要好。

核对个人持股这一层。中国籍创始人或高管通过个人载体持有境外母公司股份的，居民个人这一类别现在适用于该持股及其之下的再投资。架构最常需要重新审视的地方就在这里，也正是在这里应当就持股如何定性取得专业意见。

同时要看清什么没有变。外资准入、负面清单、外商投资企业设立制度均未改动。对外投资项目在发展改革程序之外，商务与外汇的备案、登记环节继续并行。而从境外投资进入中国的集团，并不因此成为对外投资者。

延伸阅读

  • 《中国服务业开放的三张负面清单：2026 年 10 月 22 日发布会确认了什么》（第 479 篇）——外资准入，以及三张清单为何是三种不同工具。

来源

  • 国家发展改革委·《对外投资管理办法》答记者问（2026-10-22）：https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/jd/jd/202610/t20261022_1408302.html
  • 国家发展改革委政府信息公开·《对外投资管理办法》全文：https://zfxxgk.ndrc.gov.cn/wap/iteminfo.jsp?id=20667
  • 金昌市商务局转载·国务院令第 837 号全文：https://shangwj.jcs.gov.cn/zwgk/fdzdgknr/qtfdxx/art/2026/art_39d1013fb42d45578455be2acae2981d.html
  • 中国经济网转新华社（2026-10-22）：https://i2.ce.cn/ce/xwzx/gnsz/gdxw/202610/t20261022_3268373.shtml
Policy Updates / 政策动态, Registered Capital / 注册资本, Setup Process / 设立流程

China’s Draft Rules on Registered Capital Disclosure: What Foreign-Invested Companies Must Publish

  • The State Administration for Market Regulation released a draft provision on company registered capital information disclosure for public comment on 15 October 2026, with comments due by 15 November 2026; it is a consultation draft and has not been issued or brought into force.
    国家市场监督管理总局于 2026 年 10 月 15 日就公司注册资本信息公示规定公开征求意见，反馈截止 2026 年 11 月 15 日；该文件属征求意见稿，尚未发布施行。
  • The draft applies to limited liability companies and joint stock companies established in China under the Company Law, and expressly excludes branches.
    征求意见稿适用于依《公司法》在中国境内设立的有限责任公司和股份有限公司，并明确不包括分支机构。
  • “Registered capital information” is defined as shareholders’ subscribed and paid-in contributions for a limited liability company, and promoters’ subscribed and paid-in shares for a joint stock company — subscribed and paid-in amounts are both disclosable.
    “注册资本信息”被界定为有限责任公司股东认缴和实缴的出资信息，以及股份有限公司发起人认购和实缴的股份信息，认缴与实缴两部分均在公示范围内。
  • Disclosure runs through the National Enterprise Credit Information Publicity System, and the duty holder is the company itself, which must ensure the information is true, accurate, complete and timely and bears liability accordingly.
    公示渠道为国家企业信用信息公示系统，义务主体是公司本身，公司须保证信息真实、准确、完整、及时并依法承担责任。
  • The State Administration for Market Regulation guides disclosure nationwide, while market regulation departments at county level and above manage companies they registered or have jurisdiction over.
    国家市场监督管理总局指导全国范围内的公示工作，县级以上市场监督管理部门负责其登记或管辖公司的公示管理。
  • The explanatory note to the draft, as reported by media, would require limited liability companies registered before 30 June 2024 whose remaining subscription period exceeds five years from 1 July 2027 to shorten it by 30 June 2027, and joint stock companies registered before that date to have promoters pay in full by 30 June 2027.
    据媒体报道，征求意见稿说明中提出：2024 年 6 月 30 日前登记设立的有限责任公司，剩余认缴出资期限自 2027 年 7 月 1 日起超过 5 年的，应在 2027 年 6 月 30 日前调整至 5 年内；同期登记设立的股份有限公司，发起人应在 2027 年 6 月 30 日前全额缴纳股款。
  • Until the draft is finalised, foreign-invested companies continue to comply with the Company Law and the existing enterprise information publicity rules, and may submit comments through the regulator’s consultation channel before 15 November 2026.
    在征求意见稿定稿前，外资企业仍应按现行《公司法》与既有企业信息公示规则执行，并可在 2026 年 11 月 15 日前通过市场监管总局的征集调查渠道反馈意见。

China’s Draft Rules on Registered Capital Disclosure: What Foreign-Invested Companies Must Publish | 注册资本信息公示规定征求意见稿：外资企业需要公示什么

Overview

The State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) published a draft provision on company registered capital information disclosure for public comment on 15 October 2026. The stated purpose is to further standardise how companies disclose registered capital information, safeguard the security of market transactions and foster an honest and trustworthy market environment. Comments close on 15 November 2026.

The text is a consultation draft. It has not been issued and has no effective date. Nothing in it changes what a foreign-invested company must file today; the operative rules remain the Company Law and the existing enterprise information publicity framework. What the draft does is set out, in one place, who must publish what, through which system, and on what standard of accuracy.

The drafting basis is the Company Law, the Interim Regulations on Enterprise Information Publicity, and the State Council provisions implementing the Company Law’s registered capital registration management system. That lineage matters: the draft is not a new regime so much as a consolidation aimed at the registered capital field.

Scope and definitions

The draft covers limited liability companies and joint stock companies established within China under the Company Law. Branches are expressly excluded. For a foreign group, that exclusion is worth noting in the other direction: a foreign company’s branch in China is not a company under the Company Law and sits outside this disclosure duty, while every separate legal person in the group — including a wholly foreign-owned subsidiary and each subsidiary beneath it — falls inside.

Registered capital information is defined by reference to two pairs of numbers. For a limited liability company it is the shareholders’ subscribed capital contributions and their paid-in capital contributions. For a joint stock company it is the shares subscribed by promoters and the shares actually paid for. The draft therefore treats the subscribed amount and the paid-in amount as two distinct items to be published, not as a single figure that can be reported at the subscribed level alone.

Who publishes, where, and to what standard

Disclosure runs through the National Enterprise Credit Information Publicity System. The duty holder is the company itself, not its shareholder, its registered agent or its parent. The company must ensure that what it publishes is true, accurate, complete and timely, and bears liability accordingly.

Supervision is split by level. SAMR guides disclosure work nationwide. Market regulation departments at county level and above are responsible for the disclosure management of companies they registered or over which they have jurisdiction. For a foreign-invested enterprise, that ordinarily means the registration authority that issued its business licence, and for a group with entities in several districts, several such authorities at once.

The transition timetable for existing companies

The explanatory note accompanying the 15 October publication addresses companies already on the register, according to media reports. Two dates sit behind a single deadline of 30 June 2027.

For a limited liability company registered before 30 June 2024 whose remaining subscribed contribution period, counted from 1 July 2027, exceeds five years, the remaining period is to be adjusted to within five years by 30 June 2027. For a joint stock company registered before 30 June 2024, the promoters are to pay their subscribed shares in full by 30 June 2027.

These are proposals set out in the draft’s explanatory material, reported by the media, and not rules in force. Their practical significance is that both deadlines fall on the same day and both are calculated from a registration date that many foreign-invested entities no longer track, particularly where the China entity was established by an earlier holding structure and has since been transferred.

Implications for foreign companies

Three points account for most of the exposure.

First, subscribed is not paid-in. Groups that record a large subscribed capital in the articles to signal commitment, while funding the company through shareholder loans or intercompany balances, will publish both figures side by side. The gap becomes visible to counterparties, banks and tender reviewers, and a wide gap is a question that has to be answered in commercial terms rather than in filing terms.

Second, the double deadline of 30 June 2027 sits inside multi-layer structures. A foreign-invested limited liability company with a long remaining subscription period — common where the entity was set up under an older regime with a 20- or 30-year horizon — needs a capital plan that reaches the deadline before it reaches the group’s treasury cycle. Where the China entity is a joint stock company, the promoter payment obligation is a cash call, not a paper amendment.

Third, accuracy is a company-level duty. Because the Interim Regulations on Enterprise Information Publicity are among the drafting bases, the existing publicity and inspection framework continues to apply while the draft is pending, and the draft reinforces the point that responsibility for what appears on the system rests with the company.

What to do before 15 November 2026

Treat the draft as a comment opportunity rather than a compliance deadline. The regulator’s consultation channel accepts submissions until 15 November 2026.

In the meantime, the useful internal work is a reconciliation: list every China legal person in the group, pull its registered capital, subscribed amount, paid-in amount and the remaining contribution period from the register, and mark which entities were registered before 30 June 2024. That single table answers most of the questions the draft raises, and it is the same table a bank or a counterparty will ask for if the disclosure is published as proposed.

Related reading

  • The Company Law registered capital registration management system and the five-year contribution period, which form the basis of the transition timetable described above.
  • Enterprise information publicity and annual reporting obligations, which continue to apply independently of this draft.
  • Foreign-invested enterprise establishment and change filing, where the registered capital figure first enters the administrative record.

Sources

  • 国家市场监督管理总局·关于公开征求《公司注册资本信息公示规定（征求意见稿）》意见的公告（2026-10-15），含征求意见稿全文与起草说明：https://www.samr.gov.cn/hd/zjdc/art/2026/art_f416cea5ade9492dbbcc893261f554ce.html
  • 内蒙古自治区市场监督管理局·《公司注册资本信息公示规定（征求意见稿）》公开征求意见（2026-10-16），转载征求意见稿全文与反馈渠道：https://amr.nmg.gov.cn/zt/fzzfjs/fzdt/fzdt/202610/t20261016_2965570.html
  • 国家市场监督管理总局·国家企业信用信息公示系统（公示义务的法定平台）：https://www.samr.gov.cn/
  • 中国政府网·《中华人民共和国公司法》相关条文（第四十条公示义务、第二百五十一条法律责任）：https://www.gov.cn/

注册资本信息公示规定征求意见稿：外资企业需要公示什么

概述

国家市场监督管理总局于 2026 年 10 月 15 日就公司注册资本信息公示规定公开征求意见。公告说明的立法意图是进一步规范公司注册资本信息公示行为，维护市场交易安全，营造诚实守信市场环境。意见反馈截止 2026 年 11 月 15 日。

这份文本是征求意见稿，尚未发布，也没有施行日期。它对一家外资企业今天要报什么、怎么报，不产生任何改变；现行有效的规则仍是《公司法》和既有的企业信息公示制度。征求意见稿做的是另一件事：把”谁公示、公示什么、通过哪个系统、按什么标准”集中写在一处。

起草依据是《中华人民共和国公司法》《企业信息公示暂行条例》和《国务院关于实施〈中华人民共和国公司法〉注册资本登记管理制度的规定》。这三部依据的并列本身说明了文件的定位——它不是另建一套制度，而是把注册资本领域已有的要求归拢成一份可执行的规则。

适用范围与定义

征求意见稿适用于依《公司法》在中国境内设立的有限责任公司和股份有限公司，并明确不包括分支机构。

对跨国集团而言，这条排除值得从反面读一遍：外国公司在中国的分支机构不是依《公司法》设立的公司，不在这项公示义务之内；而集团内每一个独立法人——包括外商独资子公司，以及子公司之下的每一层子公司——都在范围内。

“注册资本信息”按两组数字界定。有限责任公司的注册资本信息，是股东认缴和实缴的出资信息；股份有限公司的注册资本信息，是发起人认购和实缴的股份信息。也就是说，认缴数与实缴数被当作两个并列的公示项，而不是一个可以只按认缴口径填报的单一数字。

谁公示、在哪里公示、按什么标准

公示渠道是国家企业信用信息公示系统。义务主体是公司本身，不是股东，不是登记代理机构，也不是境外母公司。公司须保证所公示信息真实、准确、完整、及时，并依法承担责任。

监督管理按层级划分。国家市场监督管理总局指导全国的公司注册资本信息公示工作；县级以上市场监督管理部门负责其登记或者管辖公司的公示管理。对外资企业来说，这通常就是核发营业执照的那一级登记机关；如果集团在同一城市的多个区县设有主体，则会同时对应多个登记机关。

存量公司的衔接时间表

据媒体报道，10 月 15 日公告所附的说明对已登记在册的公司作出了衔接安排。两个日期共同指向 2027 年 6 月 30 日这一个截止点。

其一，2024 年 6 月 30 日前登记设立的有限责任公司，剩余认缴出资期限自 2027 年 7 月 1 日起超过 5 年的，应当在 2027 年 6 月 30 日前将剩余认缴出资期限调整至 5 年内。其二，2024 年 6 月 30 日前登记设立的股份有限公司，发起人应当在 2027 年 6 月 30 日前按其认购股份全额缴纳股款。

需要说明的是，上述内容属于征求意见稿说明中提出的安排，由媒体转述报道，不是已经生效的规则。它的现实意义在于两点：两个时限落在同一天；而计算起点是一个登记日期，很多外资企业早已不再跟踪——尤其当中国主体最初由上一层控股架构设立、此后又经历过股权转让时，原始登记日期往往只留在档案里。

对外资企业的实务意义

风险集中在三处。

第一，认缴不等于实缴。为了表明投入承诺而在章程中写入较大认缴资本、实际通过股东借款或关联往来款维持运营的集团，将把两个数字并排公示。差额对交易对手、银行和招标评审方都是可见的，而这个差额只能用商业安排解释，不能用填报口径解释。

第二，2027 年 6 月 30 日的双重时限落在多层架构内部。剩余认缴期限很长（在老制度下按 20 年、30 年设定期限的主体很常见）的外商投资有限责任公司，需要一份能在集团资金安排周期之前抵达截止日的出资计划。如果中国主体是股份有限公司，发起人的缴纳义务是一笔现金出资，而不是一次纸面变更。

第三，真实准确是公司层面的义务。由于《企业信息公示暂行条例》本身即为起草依据之一，在征求意见稿定稿之前，现行的公示与检查框架继续适用；征求意见稿则进一步明确了系统上所载信息的责任归属在公司。

2026 年 11 月 15 日之前可以做什么

把这份文本当作一次意见反馈机会，而不是一个合规截止日。市场监管总局的征集调查渠道接受意见至 2026 年 11 月 15 日。

在此之前，真正有用的内部工作是一次对账：列出集团内每一个中国法人，从登记信息中取回注册资本、认缴额、实缴额和剩余出资期限，并标注哪些主体是在 2024 年 6 月 30 日之前登记设立的。这一张表能回答征求意见稿提出的大部分问题，也是公示按草案落地后，银行或交易对手会来索要的同一张表。

延伸阅读

  • 《公司法》注册资本登记管理制度与五年出资期限，即上述衔接时间表的制度基础。
  • 企业信息公示与年度报告义务，独立于本征求意见稿继续适用。
  • 外商投资企业的设立与变更备案，注册资本数字最早进入行政记录的环节。

来源

  • 国家市场监督管理总局·公司注册资本信息公示规定征求意见公告（2026-10-15）：https://www.samr.gov.cn:8007/hd/zjdc/art/2026/art_f416cea5ade9492dbbcc893261f554ce.html
  • 法规库·征求意见稿全文条文转载（第三方法规库转载，非官方来源）：https://law.esnai.cn/law_show.aspx?LawID=235754
  • 界面新闻·直通部委报道（2026-10-15，含存量公司出资期限调整表述，属媒体报道）：https://www.toutiao.com/article/7696832582566150656
  • 国家市场监督管理总局官网：https://www.samr.gov.cn/
One-stop Window / 一站式窗口, Setup Process / 设立流程, Structure Choice / 架构选择

Beijing’s Bilingual Registration Forms and Full-Lifecycle Service for Foreign Investors

  • Beijing’s market regulator released the country’s first Chinese-English bilingual registration application forms, with bilingual service guides covering every category of foreign investment entity and every lifecycle stage from establishment to deregistration.
    北京市市场监管局推出全国首套中英文对照版登记申请文书，配套双语办事指南覆盖全部外商投资主体类别，并贯通设立至注销的全生命周期。
  • The “e-Chuangtong” portal and its WeChat mini-programme now carry bilingual operating prompts, so the instruction on screen matches the instruction on paper.
    「e窗通」网页端与微信小程序同步提供双语操作提示，屏幕上的指引与纸质文书保持一致。
  • Identity verification for overseas investors was improved through country search and English name matching, reducing failures caused purely by name order or capitalisation.
    境外投资者实名认证得到完善，国别搜索与英文姓名比对功能优化，减少因姓名顺序或大小写不同造成的核验失败。
  • Fair competition review acts as a filter before a policy is issued, focused on market access, tendering and government procurement; 440 policy documents were sampled in 2026.
    公平竞争审查作为政策出台前的过滤器，重点检查市场准入、招标投标、政府采购领域的不合理门槛；2026 年以来已抽查政策文件 440 件。
  • On-site inspections follow a scan-in, code-notice, checklist format with a full audit trail, and more than ninety per cent of inspections of foreign-invested enterprises in January–September 2026 were conducted off-site.
    现场检查实行扫码报到、亮码通知、照单检查并全程留痕；2026 年 1—9 月全市外资企业非现场检查占比超过九成。
  • Intellectual property enforcement procedures and discretion standards were unified for domestic and foreign right holders, with routine coordination with Tianjin and Hebei, including a joint campaign on trademark infringement in auto parts.
    内外资权利人适用统一的执法程序与裁量标准，并与天津、河北建立常态化协作机制，包括汽车配件商标侵权专项整治中的联动执法。

Beijing’s Bilingual Registration Forms and Full-Lifecycle Service for Foreign Investors | 北京外资登记双语文书与全生命周期服务

Overview

Between 20 and 22 October 2026, Beijing’s market regulator published a package of measures on how foreign-invested enterprises register and how they are treated afterwards. The centrepiece is the first Chinese-English bilingual set of registration application forms issued anywhere in China, released with bilingual service guides covering every category of foreign investment entity. The forms cover companies, partnerships and other vehicle types and are used at establishment, change of registration, deregistration and record filing; the “e-Chuangtong” portal and its WeChat mini-programme now carry bilingual prompts.

Nothing in the package changes who may invest, in what proportion, or under which catalogue. What changes is the language of the application, the accuracy of online identity verification for an overseas natural person, the frequency with which a compliant company is visited, and the route by which an infringement is pursued. Those are the points at which foreign investment applications most often stall, and each is addressed by a separate measure rather than by one instrument.

Two limits belong at the outset. This is a municipal reform, binding Beijing’s registration authorities and saying nothing about practice elsewhere. And most measures are operational rather than legislative, taking effect through the behaviour of offices and platforms rather than through an effective date printed in a text.

What changed in October 2026

Bilingual documents. A foreign-invested limited liability company filing a change of legal representative, or a partnership filing a change of partner, now works from a form whose Chinese and English columns sit side by side. The guides cover all categories of foreign investment entity rather than the limited liability company alone, which matters where a group holds its operating company and its service or fund vehicle through different forms.

Identity verification. Overseas investors have long been the weakest link in online filing. A passport shows family name and given name in an order the Chinese system may read differently; a name printed in capitals may not match one typed in mixed case; a natural person may have no Chinese name at all. Country search and English name matching are added at the verification step. The point is not cosmetic: a failed verification pushes the applicant back to a counter, and the efficiency gain from an online channel disappears at that moment.

Fair competition review. The regulator describes fair competition review as a filter applied before a policy is issued, with attention to market access, tendering and government procurement — the three areas where a local preference tends to be written into a document rather than announced as a rule. In 2026 the regulator has sampled 440 policy documents and required correction where problems were found. For a foreign company this is the mechanism that catches a discriminatory condition before it becomes the basis of a tender it cannot win.

Inspection. On-site inspections follow a fixed format: scan in, give notice by code, work from a checklist, record the whole visit. Where a matter can be verified through data sharing or non-site means, the visit should not happen at all. In January–September 2026, more than ninety per cent of inspections of foreign-invested enterprises in Beijing were conducted off-site. For a plant or a warehouse, the value lies in predictability: a compliant site is not interrupted, and the inspector’s scope is bounded by the checklist.

Enforcement. Procedures and discretion standards are unified between domestic and foreign right holders, with leads collected in one place, transferred under a defined process and closed on a loop; cases include significant foreign-related trademark infringement. Beijing has also set up routine coordination with Tianjin and Hebei — in a special campaign on trademark infringement in auto parts, the three jurisdictions enforced in step. A brand owner facing parallel infringement across the region deals with coordinated authorities rather than three unconnected ones.

Illustration. A Ukrainian investor used the new bilingual application form at the Xicheng district service centre to change the business scope and collected the licence ten minutes later; Beijing Youth Daily reported that the episode took place on 30 June. Treat it as an illustration of what the form is for — an applicant reading the same field in two languages — not as a service standard.

Four steps, one path

Read as a sequence, the package describes a path a foreign investor walks four times rather than once.

One form. The applicant fills a document it can actually read. Misunderstanding here produces a rejection that costs a week and is usually attributed to the applicant rather than the form.

One verification. The overseas natural person completes real-name verification online, with name order and capitalisation handled by matching rather than trial and error. Where the shareholder is a foreign company, the same logic applies to its name as registered abroad.

One inspection. The operating company meets a bounded visit with a checklist and an audit trail, or no visit at all — the stage a new entity notices least and a mature plant notices most.

One enforcement route. A trademark infringement runs through a single collection point with defined transfer and closure, and across the region through the Tianjin and Hebei mechanism.

All four rest on one assumption: the friction in foreign investment administration sits in translation, verification, interruption and fragmented jurisdiction, not in the substantive conditions of entry. The content of the measures is consistent with that — none of them touches an entry condition.

Implications for foreign companies

The clearest beneficiary is the foreign natural person shareholder: a founder, the representative of a family holding vehicle, a director who must sign. For that person a bilingual form plus English name matching removes two recurring causes of a counter visit. Where all shareholders are corporate entities with Latin-script names, the gain from the form is smaller and the gain from country search is larger.

Architectural choices deserve a second look. Because the guides cover companies and partnerships alike, a group that has used a company for everything may find the filing burden of a partnership vehicle clearer than before. That is not an argument for changing structure; it is an argument for pricing the administrative cost of each vehicle when a new project is set up.

For compliance planning, the inspection item is the most immediately usable: a company that can show it is verifiable from data — online environmental monitoring, customs records, tax filings — has a basis for asking that a scheduled visit be handled off-site. The review item is the most useful in a dispute: where a tender document contains a condition that appears to favour local or domestic suppliers, the review record is the natural reference point.

Finally, a ten-minute registration is an anecdote about a straightforward scope change, not a processing-time commitment. A capital increase, a new shareholder in a restricted sector, or a name that raises a similarity question will take longer and may still require attendance.

Related reading

  • *China’s 15-Measure Action Plan for Stabilising Foreign Investment: A Clause-by-Clause Guide* (Article 471) — the national frame within which municipal service reforms sit.
  • Entity selection: company, partnership and holding platform compared on filing burden and governance.
  • Fair competition review and government procurement: how a foreign supplier challenges a discriminatory condition.

Sources

  • 北京市人民政府（首都之窗）·外资登记中英文对照版申请文书与全生命周期服务举措发布（2026-10-21）：https://www.beijing.gov.cn/fuwu/lqfw/gggs/202610/t20261021_4913082.html
  • 北京市市场监督管理局·相关举措媒体解读（2026-10-21）：https://scjgj.beijing.gov.cn/zwxx/mtjj/202610/t20261021_4913522.html
  • 北京市市场监督管理局·登记注册与外商投资企业登记办事指南（含「e窗通」平台入口）：https://scjgj.beijing.gov.cn/
  • 北京市人民政府·「e窗通」企业开办与登记服务平台：https://www.beijing.gov.cn/

北京外资登记双语文书与全生命周期服务

概述

2026 年 10 月 20 日至 22 日，北京市市场监督管理局集中发布了一组举措，指向外商投资企业的登记环节，以及登记之后的日常经营待遇。其中最受关注的一项，是在全国推出首套中英文对照版登记申请文书，并同步更新覆盖全部外商投资主体类别的双语办事指南。文书覆盖公司、合伙企业等各类外资主体，适用于设立、变更、注销、备案等场景；「e窗通」网页端与微信小程序同步提供双语操作提示。

这件事的意义，比「一套新的登记制度」要窄，比「一份翻译过来的表格」要宽。整套举措没有改动谁可以投资、可以投多少、按哪一份目录投。发生变化的是四件事：申请用什么语言填写、境外自然人的身份能否在线上核验通过、一家合规企业被上门检查的频率、一条侵权线索沿什么路径推进。这四点恰恰是外资申请最常被卡住的地方，而它们分别由不同措施处理，不是由一份文件一并解决。

有两条边界需要放在前面。其一，这是北京市级改革，约束的是北京的登记机关，对其他省份的做法不作任何说明；在上海或深圳登记的集团，不宜假定文书相同。其二，多数措施属于操作性安排而非立法，效果体现在窗口与平台的行为上，而不是文本里印着的施行日期。

2026 年 10 月的变化

双语文书。 中英文对照的申请文书是最直观的一块。一家外商投资有限责任公司在办理法定代表人变更，或一家合伙企业在办理合伙人变更时，拿到的表格中英文两栏并列。配套指南覆盖全部外商投资主体类别，而不是只覆盖有限责任公司，这一点有实际意义：一个集团可能用公司持有在华经营实体，同时用合伙企业持有服务载体或基金载体，两类主体的备案逻辑并不相同。

实名认证。 境外投资者长期是线上办理最薄弱的一环。护照上的姓与名有固定顺序，境内系统可能按另一种顺序读取；大写打印的姓名与混合大小写录入的姓名可能比对不上；自然人可能根本没有中文名。此次改革在核验环节增加了国别搜索与英文姓名比对。这不是形式问题：一次核验失败就会把申请人推回窗口，线上渠道的效率优势在那一刻全部消失，而且失败原因通常被记录为申请人信息有误，后续更正还要再走一轮提交。对经办人来说，真正省下的不是几分钟填表时间，而是避免一次无法预判的退回。

公平竞争审查。 监管部门把公平竞争审查描述为政策出台前的一道过滤器，重点看市场准入、招标投标、政府采购三个领域——这三处的地方偏好往往写进文件，而不是以规则的名义公布。2026 年以来，已抽查政策文件 440 件，对发现的问题督促整改。对外资企业而言，这一机制的价值在于：歧视性条件在成为某次它注定赢不了的招标的依据之前，就可能被拦下。需要提醒的是，审查针对的是政策文件本身，不直接处理单个项目的争议，但审查记录可以在质疑环节被引用。

行政检查。 现场检查现在按固定格式进行：扫码报到、亮码通知、照单检查，全程留痕。能够通过数据共享或非现场方式核实的事项，原则上不再进企业。2026 年 1—9 月，全市外资企业非现场检查占比超过九成。对制造业工厂或仓储企业来说，价值在于可预期：合规的场地不被打断，检查人员的检查范围被清单限定，事后也有留痕可供核对。

知识产权执法。 内外资权利人的执法程序与裁量标准已经统一，违法线索统一归集、规范流转、闭环办理，查处的案件中包括涉外重点商标侵权案件。北京还与天津、河北建立了常态化执法协作机制；在一次汽车配件商标侵权专项整治中，三地同步摸排、联动执法。对一个在区域内遭遇平行侵权的品牌方来说，面对的是协同行动的执法机关，而不是三个互不相关的机关。

一个示例。 一位来自乌克兰的投资者在西城区政务服务中心使用新上线的中英文对照版《公司登记（备案）申请书》办理经营范围变更登记，十分钟后领取营业执照。据北京青年报报道，该情形发生于 6 月 30 日。这件事宜理解为说明文书用途的示例——申请人可以在两种语言下读同一栏内容——而不宜理解为办理时限的承诺。

后续安排。 监管部门表示将依托「营商环境会客厅」等渠道听取外资企业诉求，并完善企业名称预防性保护、竞争执法和跨区域协作机制。企业名称的预防性保护对一个准备在中国投放品牌的集团有直接意义：它针对的是第三方在品牌投放之前抢注近似名称的那段窗口期。

四个环节，一条路径

按顺序读，这套举措描述的是一条外资投资者要走四遍、而不是走一遍的路径。

一张表。 申请人填写一份自己真正读得懂的文件，栏目标签在两种语言下都没有歧义。这一环节的误解会产生一次驳回，代价通常是一周时间，而责任往往被归到申请人身上，而不是表格本身。对不熟悉境内登记术语的境外股东来说，双语对照最实际的作用不是省去翻译费，而是让「认缴」与「实缴」、「备案」与「变更」这类容易混淆的概念在填写时就被区分开。

一次认证。 境外自然人完成线上实名核验，姓名顺序与大小写由比对机制处理，而不是靠反复试错。若股东为境外公司，同一逻辑适用于其在境外登记的公司名称；此时国别搜索的作用是缩小候选范围，避免因译名差异反复提交。

一次检查。 企业进入经营状态后，遇到的是一次范围明确、有清单、有留痕的检查，或者根本不被上门。这是全生命周期中最容易被新设企业忽略、被成熟工厂最敏感的一环：前者尚未进入被检查的阶段，后者每年要为此安排人力。

一条维权路径。 商标被侵权时，线索经由单一归集点进入，按既定流程流转并闭环，跨区域部分由京津冀协作机制承接。这条路径解决的是同一批侵权商品在三地流转、却要在三地分别报案的老问题。

四个环节共享同一个设计假设：外商投资管理中的摩擦，主要出在语言、核验、经营中断和管辖分割，而不在准入的实体条件。这一假设与举措的内容是一致的——它们没有触碰任何一项准入条件。

对外资企业的实务意义

最直接的受益者是外籍自然人股东：创始人、家族持股载体的代表人、需要签字的董事。对这类人而言，双语文书加英文姓名比对，等于同时消除了两个反复导致跑窗口的原因。如果股东全部是注册在拉丁字母国家或地区的公司，从文书中获得的便利相对有限，从国别搜索功能中获得的便利则更多。

架构选择值得重新看一遍。由于指南同时覆盖公司与合伙企业，一个过去凡事都用公司承载的集团，可能会发现合伙载体的备案负担现在比过去更清楚。这不是改变架构的理由，而是在新项目设立时把每种载体的行政成本算准的理由：设立成本之外，还要把每年的变更、备案、年报所需的人力折算进去。

从合规安排看，检查一项是最立即可用的。能够证明自身可被数据核实的公司——在线环境监测、海关记录、纳税申报——有依据申请以非现场方式处理已排期的检查，并在检查前把清单上的项目自查一遍。这里的关键是把「可被数据核实」变成一种常态，而不是临时准备材料：日常数据留得住，非现场核实才有基础。公平竞争审查一项则在争议中最有用：当招标文件出现看似偏向本地或境内供应商的条件时，审查记录是最自然的引用对象。

最后，十分钟办结是一次经营范围变更的个案，不是时限承诺。涉及增资、受限行业新增股东，或者名称存在近似疑问的变更，耗时更长，且仍可能要求到场。把个案当标准，是使用这类新闻时最容易犯的错误。

这套举措也宜读作方向信号，而不是法律变化。北京在以外资所感知的行政质量竞争，而它选择的工具——语言、身份比对、检查纪律、执法协作——恰好是外资集团中国区法务能够实际度量的四项。把自身在这四点的经历记录下来、并通过监管部门已公布的渠道反映问题的集团，会比等待全国版本的集团从这轮改革中得到更多。

延伸阅读

  • 《中国利用外资固稳促优行动方案 15 条逐条解读》（第 471 篇）——市级服务改革所处的国家政策框架。
  • 外资主体的架构选择：公司、合伙企业与控股平台在备案负担与治理结构上的比较。
  • 公平竞争审查与政府采购：外资供应商如何对歧视性条件提出异议。

来源

  • 北京市人民政府·首都之窗，中英文对照版登记文书与全生命周期服务举措发布（2026-10-21）：https://www.beijing.gov.cn/fuwu/lqfw/gggs/202610/t20261021_4913082.html
  • 北京市市场监督管理局官网·媒体报道转载（2026-10-21）：https://scjgj.beijing.gov.cn/zwxx/mtjj/202610/t20261021_4913522.html
  • 央广网·双语文书与西城区案例报道（2026-10-20）：https://www.cnr.cn/bj/oiue/20261020/t20261020_527848114.shtml
  • 中国市场监管报·举措综述（2026-10-22）：http://pc.cmrnn.com.cn/shtml/zggsb/20261022/156627.html
Employment Management / 雇佣管理, Greater Bay Area / 大湾区, Talent Tax / 人才税收

Hengqin’s Talent Subsidy List: Amounts, Tiers and How They Sit Against the Income Tax Preference

  • The Executive Committee of the Guangdong-Macao In-depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin issued the List of Talent Subsidies Available under document number Yue Ao Shen He Zhi Zi [2026] No. 45, dated 14 October 2026 and released on 16 October 2026.
    横琴粤澳深度合作区执行委员会印发《可享惠人才补贴清单》，文号为粤澳深合执字〔2026〕45 号，落款 2026 年 10 月 14 日，2026 年 10 月 16 日发布。
  • The list sits beneath a companion notice, Yue Ao Shen He Zhi [2026] No. 44, on improving the connection between the zone’s individual income tax preference and the benefits available to talent.
    清单的上位衔接文件是《关于进一步做好横琴个人所得税优惠政策享惠衔接工作的通知》（粤澳深合执〔2026〕44 号）。
  • High-level talent living allowances run in four tiers — distinguished, leading, top-tier and young talent — capped at RMB 8 million, 3 million, 2 million and 1.5 million respectively, paid in equal instalments over five years.
    高层次人才生活补贴分”杰出人才””领军人才””拔尖人才””青年英才”四档，分别最高 800 万元、300 万元、200 万元、150 万元，分 5 年等额发放。
  • Young talent allowances are paid over three years: up to RMB 270,000 for a doctorate, 90,000 for a master’s degree and 60,000 for a bachelor’s degree; skilled-talent allowances range from RMB 20,000 to 60,000 over two years.
    青年人才生活补贴分三年发放，博士最高 27 万元、硕士最高 9 万元、本科最高 6 万元；技能人才生活补贴分两年发放，为 2 万元至 6 万元。
  • Every line is marked by benefit category — “Macao residents” and “high-end and urgently needed” — and the list is a schedule of amounts, not a determination of who qualifies; eligibility is decided by the competent authorities.
    清单每一项均按享惠类别标注”澳门居民”与”高端紧缺”，它是一份金额表而非资格认定结论，具体资格以主管部门认定为准。
  • The individual income tax preference and the talent subsidies are two separate instruments — a differential-burden fiscal arrangement on one side, direct fiscal grants on the other — tied together procedurally by No. 44, not merged.
    个人所得税优惠与人才补贴是两条线：前者是税负差额的财政安排，后者是直接的财政补贴，44 号文在程序上把两者衔接，并未合并。

Hengqin’s Talent Subsidy List: Amounts, Tiers and How They Sit Against the Income Tax Preference | 横琴人才补贴清单：金额档次与个人所得税优惠如何衔接

Overview

On 16 October 2026 the Executive Committee of the Guangdong-Macao In-depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin released the List of Talent Subsidies Available (可享惠人才补贴清单), issued as Yue Ao Shen He Zhi Zi [2026] No. 45 and dated 14 October 2026. It sits beneath a companion notice, Yue Ao Shen He Zhi [2026] No. 44, on further improving the connection between the zone’s individual income tax preference and the benefits available to talent.

The list answers a question the tax preference alone never answered. A tax rule tells a company how a person’s income is treated; it does not say what that person receives, in what amount, over how many years. The list is a schedule: five lines, each with a ceiling, a payment rhythm and a benefit-category tag. For a company building a package for a senior hire in the zone, that is the difference between an argument and a number.

Two cautions belong up front. A schedule of amounts is not a determination of eligibility: the list marks categories, and the competent authorities decide who falls inside them. The tax preference and the subsidies are also not one instrument; reading them as one produces the wrong arithmetic.

What the October 2026 documents do

The pair works in sequence. No. 44 establishes how the individual income tax preference connects to the benefits on offer; No. 45 then fixes the amounts. Neither document creates a new tax rate. What changes is that the fiscal side of the package is now published in tabular form, with tiers and instalments, rather than being assembled case by case.

The list covers five lines — high-level talent living allowances, education subsidies for their children, young talent living allowances, postdoctoral living allowances, and skilled-talent living allowances. Each carries a benefit-category marking, “Macao residents” (澳门居民) and “high-end and urgently needed” (高端紧缺), and the list refers to two further policy numbers, Yue Ao Shen He Jing Fa Tong [2026] No. 11 and [2024] No. 4.

That marking is the operative detail for anyone reading the list from outside the zone. It describes which policy track a subsidy line is attached to; it does not, on its face, resolve whether a particular employee — a foreign national who is not a Macao resident, for instance — qualifies. That is for the competent authorities to determine, and a company should obtain the determination rather than infer it from the label.

The five subsidy lines

High-level talent living allowance. Four tiers: distinguished talent (杰出人才), leading talent (领军人才), top-tier talent (拔尖人才) and young talent (青年英才), capped at RMB 8 million, RMB 3 million, RMB 2 million and RMB 1.5 million respectively, paid in equal instalments over five years.

Education subsidy for children of high-level talent. Children are guaranteed a school place in the zone’s public pre-school and compulsory-education schools. Where a child instead attends a non-public school in the zone or a Macao school that does not provide free education, the household may apply for a one-off subsidy equal to 30 per cent of tuition paid up to and including the junior secondary stage, capped at RMB 300,000.

Young talent living allowance. Paid across three years: up to RMB 270,000 for a doctorate (or deputy senior professional title), RMB 90,000 for a master’s degree (or intermediate title) and RMB 60,000 for a bachelor’s degree (or assistant-level title).

Postdoctoral living allowance. Postdoctoral researchers working at postdoctoral research stations, station branches and innovation practice bases in the zone receive up to RMB 400,000 a year for two consecutive years. Those who stay in the zone, or come to it, to work or start a business after leaving the station receive up to RMB 120,000 a year for five consecutive years. Where a researcher’s station period is extended because of a national major project funded by the National Natural Science Foundation, the National Social Science Fund or the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, a one-off RMB 100,000 allowance may be applied for in the third year.

Skilled talent living allowance. Senior technician (level 1) and above: RMB 60,000. Technician (level 2): RMB 30,000. Advanced worker (level 3): RMB 20,000. Paid in two equal instalments.

Reading the subsidies against the tax preference

Three points carry most of the practical weight.

The first is that these are different instruments. The individual income tax preference works as a differential-burden arrangement: where the burden on qualifying talent exceeds the reference rate, the excess is dealt with fiscally. The talent subsidies are direct fiscal grants, triggered by an award or a qualification rather than by a tax computation. No. 44 links the two procedurally, but they do not merge, and a company that treats a subsidy receipt as reducing the tax-side entitlement, or the reverse, will misstate the package.

The second is that category comes before amount. Because each line is marked by benefit category, the sequence for a company is: identify the category the person is being put forward under, confirm with the competent authority that the person falls within it, then read the ceiling and the instalment schedule off the list. Doing this in the other order — picking a number first and looking for a category afterwards — is how packages end up built on an assumption that does not survive review.

The third is timing. Payments spread over two, three or five years. A five-year instalment schedule behaves differently in a package from a signing payment: it ties the person to the zone for the duration, it interacts with any deferred compensation or equity arrangement running in parallel, and it creates a vesting-like question the employment contract should answer explicitly.

Implications for foreign companies

For a foreign-invested employer in the zone, the list is best used as a modelling input, not a promise. The working points follow.

Model the package in two columns: the tax side and the subsidy side. A person may be affected by one, both or neither, and the columns are computed on different bases. Presenting a single blended figure to a candidate or to headquarters obscures which part is contractual and which is contingent on an administrative determination.

Obtain the category determination before the offer, not after. The list is explicit about categories and silent about individual outcomes; where a candidate is a foreign national and not a Macao resident, the question of which line, if any, applies should be put to the competent authority in writing. This article does not assert that such an employee is or is not eligible under any line: the list does not settle it, and the determination is not ours to make.

Keep the personnel file capable of supporting the claim. Tiered allowances rest on tiered findings — a title, a degree, a station record, a skill level. The list fixes amounts by reference to those findings, so the evidence that supports the finding is the evidence that supports the payment.

Treat Hengqin and Macao as one market when sizing the package, because the zone’s own data describes one. By 21:00 on 21 October 2026, passenger trips through Hengqin port passed 30 million for the year, up 27.1 per cent; trips by Hong Kong and Macao residents exceeded 9.27 million, up 32.4 per cent; trips by foreign nationals reached 500,000, up 51.4 per cent.

Vehicle flows tell the same story from the goods side: by 13 October 2026, cumulative vehicles supervised by customs through the joint one-stop lane for passenger and freight vehicles passed 10 million, and this year’s total already exceeds 3.57 million, up more than 37.7 per cent.

For employers in food service and hospitality, one further arrangement is worth noting. On 16 October 2026 the Macao Municipal Affairs Bureau, with Gongbei Customs and the zone’s Executive Committee, held a session on the arrangement signed this year on inspection and quarantine of food shipped from Macao to the zone: listed food from listed enterprises may, after inspection by the Bureau, be shipped to the zone on the Bureau’s certificate for use by catering premises there.

Related reading

  • *The Greater Bay Area IIT Subsidy for Overseas Talent: Filing the 2025 Tax-Year Claim* (Article 348) — the filing mechanics for the tax-side subsidy, not repeated here.
  • *GBA talent tax-subsidy season opens: Dongguan’s 2026 application window* (Article 393) — how one city in the wider area runs its window.

Sources

  • 横琴粤澳深度合作区执行委员会·《关于印发〈可享惠人才补贴清单〉的通知》（粤澳深合执字〔2026〕45 号，2026-10-16 发布）：https://www.hengqin.gov.cn/macao_zh_hans/zwgk/tzgg/gg/content/post_3949828.html
  • 横琴粤澳深度合作区·横琴口岸年度客流突破 3 000 万人次（2026-10-21）：https://www.hengqin.gov.cn/macao_zh_hans/hzqgl/dtyw/dtxx/content/post_3951939.html
  • 广东省人民政府·横琴口岸”粤澳联合一站式”车道通关车流突破 1 000 万辆次：https://www.gd.gov.cn/zwfw/bmts/content/post_4966260.html
  • 澳门特别行政区政府入口网站·澳门食品输往横琴合作区政策专场（2026-10-16）：https://www.gov.mo/zh-hant/news/1275638/

横琴人才补贴清单：金额档次与个人所得税优惠如何衔接

概述

2026 年 10 月 16 日，横琴粤澳深度合作区执行委员会发布《可享惠人才补贴清单》，文号为粤澳深合执字〔2026〕45 号，落款日期 2026 年 10 月 14 日。清单的上位衔接文件是《关于进一步做好横琴个人所得税优惠政策享惠衔接工作的通知》（粤澳深合执〔2026〕44 号）。

这份清单回答了一个此前没有答案的问题。税收规则告诉企业一个人的所得如何计税，却不告诉企业这个人实际能拿到什么、金额多少、分几年。清单是一张表：五项补贴，每项有上限、有发放节奏、有享惠类别标注。对正在为合作区高级岗位设计薪酬包的企业而言，这决定了方案是停留在讨论层面，还是能落到具体数字。

有两点需要放在最前面。其一，金额表不是资格认定结论：清单标注的是类别，谁落在类别之内由主管部门认定。其二，个人所得税优惠与人才补贴也不是同一件工具，当成一件事来算会算错。

2026 年 10 月两份文件做了什么

两份文件是先后关系。44 号文解决个人所得税优惠与各项待遇之间如何衔接，45 号文随后把金额定下来。两份文件都没有新设税率。变化在于，这套安排中属于财政一侧的内容，从此以表格形式公布，有档次、有分期，而不必再逐案拼装。

清单覆盖五项：高层次人才生活补贴、高层次人才子女教育补贴、青年人才生活补贴、博士后人才生活补贴、技能人才生活补贴。每一项都带享惠类别标注——”澳门居民”与”高端紧缺”——清单同时指向另外两个政策文号，即粤澳深合经发通〔2026〕11 号与〔2024〕4 号。

对从合作区之外阅读这份清单的人来说，这个标注才是最要紧的细节。它说明某一项补贴挂在哪条政策线上，本身并不解决某位具体员工——例如并非澳门居民的外籍人士——是否适用。这属于主管部门的认定，企业应当取得该认定，而不是从标签上推定。

五项补贴的具体内容

高层次人才生活补贴。 分四档：杰出人才、领军人才、拔尖人才、青年英才，分别最高 800 万元、300 万元、200 万元、150 万元，分 5 年等额发放。

高层次人才子女教育补贴。 子女就读合作区公办学前教育、义务教育阶段学校的，提供学位保障。若选择就读合作区非公办学校，或就读澳门非实施免费教育的学校，可以家庭为单位申请一次性补贴，标准为初中教育阶段（含）以前累计缴交学费金额的 30%，最高 30 万元。

青年人才生活补贴。 分三年发放：博士（或副高级职称）最高 27 万元，硕士（或中级职称）最高 9 万元，本科（或助理级职称）最高 6 万元。

博士后人才生活补贴。 在合作区博士后科研工作站、工作站分站和创新实践基地工作的博士后，每年最高 40 万元，连续 2 年。出站后留在合作区或来到合作区工作创业的，每年最高 12 万元，连续 5 年。在站博士后因承担国家重大项目、获得国家自然科学基金、国家社会科学基金、中国博士后科学基金等资助项目而延期出站的，第 3 年可申请一次性 10 万元生活补贴。

技能人才生活补贴。 高级技师（一级）及以上 6 万元，技师（二级）3 万元，高级工（三级）2 万元，分两年等额发放。

补贴与个人所得税优惠如何对照阅读

有三点最影响实际操作。

第一，这是两种不同的工具。个人所得税优惠以税负差额的方式落实：符合条件的人才，其税负超过参照水平的部分由财政安排解决。人才补贴则是直接的财政补贴，触发条件是获评或取得某项资格，而不是一次税额计算。44 号文在程序上把两者衔接，但两者并没有合并成一项待遇。企业若把补贴收入当作可以冲减税侧权益的项目，或者反过来处理，都会把薪酬包算错。

第二，先定类别，再看金额。由于每一项都带类别标注，企业的顺序应当是：先确定这名人员按哪一类申报，向主管部门确认其确实落在该类之内，然后再从清单上读取上限与发放节奏。反过来做——先挑一个数字，再去找类别——方案往往建立在经不起复核的假设上。

第三，时间维度。补贴分两年、三年、五年发放。分五年发放的生活补贴，在薪酬包里的性质与一次性签约金并不相同：它把人在这段时间内与合作区绑定，与企业在同期安排的递延薪酬或股权激励相互影响，也会产生类似归属期的问题，这些问题应当在劳动合同中写明。

对外资企业的实务意义

对在合作区经营的外资企业而言，这份清单适合当作测算的输入，而不是承诺。以下是操作要点。

薪酬包按两栏测算：税的一栏与补贴的一栏。一名人员可能只涉及其中一栏，也可能两栏都涉及，或者都不涉及，而两栏的计算基础不同。向候选人或向总部只报一个合并后的数字，会掩盖哪一部分属于合同义务、哪一部分取决于行政认定。

类别认定放在发出录用通知之前，而不是之后。清单对类别写得很明确，对个人结果则没有表态；当候选人是外籍人士、且并非澳门居民时，究竟适用哪一项、是否适用，应当以书面方式向主管部门提出。本文并不主张此类员工在某项补贴下可以享受或不能享受：清单没有对此作出结论，这一认定也不由本文作出。

人事档案要能支撑申报。分档的补贴建立在分档的认定之上——职称、学历、在站记录、技能等级。清单正是以这些认定为参照确定金额，因此支撑认定的材料，就是支撑发放的材料。

测算薪酬包时，把横琴与澳门当作一个市场，因为合作区自己公布的数据描述的正是这样一个市场。截至 2026 年 10 月 21 日 21 时，今年经横琴口岸出入境旅客总量超过 3 000 万人次，同比增长 27.1%；出入境港澳居民超过 927 万人次，同比增长 32.4%；出入境外国旅客 50 万人次，同比增长 51.4%。

车辆流量从货物一侧给出同样的图景：截至 2026 年 10 月 13 日，客货车”粤澳联合一站式”车道运行以来，海关累计监管进出境车辆突破 1 000 万辆次，今年以来已超过 357 万辆次，同比增长超过 37.7%。

对餐饮与酒店行业的雇主，还有一项安排值得留意。2026 年 10 月 16 日，澳门市政署联同拱北海关、合作区执委会举办专场，介绍今年签署的《关于澳门输往横琴粤澳深度合作区食品食材检验检疫监管合作安排》：纳入清单的企业与品类，经市政署检验检疫后可凭其证明文件便捷输往合作区，供区内餐饮场所使用。

延伸阅读

  • 《大湾区境外人才个税补贴：申报 2025 纳税年度的操作指南》（第 348 篇）——税侧补贴的申报操作在该文中展开，本文不重复。
  • 《大湾区人才税补申报季开启：东莞 2026 年受理窗口》（第 393 篇）——大湾区内某一城市的窗口如何运行。

来源

  • 横琴粤澳深度合作区执行委员会·《关于印发〈可享惠人才补贴清单〉的通知》（粤澳深合执字〔2026〕45 号，2026-10-16 发布）：https://www.hengqin.gov.cn/macao_zh_hans/zwgk/tzgg/gg/content/post_3949828.html
  • 横琴粤澳深度合作区·横琴口岸年度客流突破 3 000 万人次（2026-10-21）：https://www.hengqin.gov.cn/macao_zh_hans/hzqgl/dtyw/dtxx/content/post_3951939.html
  • 广东省人民政府·横琴口岸”粤澳联合一站式”车道通关车流突破 1 000 万辆次：https://www.gd.gov.cn/zwfw/bmts/content/post_4966260.html
  • 澳门特别行政区政府入口网站·澳门食品输往横琴合作区政策专场（2026-10-16）：https://www.gov.mo/zh-hant/news/1275638/