China’s cyberspace regulator has released a draft rule for “large personal-information processors,” consolidating two earlier platform-focused drafts into one accountability regime for the biggest data holders.国家网信部门发布《大型个人信息处理者个人信息保护规定（征求意见稿）》，将早前两份聚焦平台的规定整合为面向最大规模数据处理者的统一责任制度。 A processor handling over 10 million individuals’ personal information, or meeting other significance tests, … China’s Draft Rule for Large Personal-Information Processors: What Foreign-Invested Platforms and Apps Need to KnowRead more
Cybersecurity Review and Critical Information Infrastructure Procurement Compliance for Foreign-Invested Enterprises
The Cybersecurity Review regime applies whenever a Critical Information Infrastructure (CII) operator procures network products or services that may affect national security — and foreign-invested enterprises supplying those products are squarely within scope. 当关键信息基础设施（CII）运营者采购可能影响国家安全的网络产品与服务时，网络安全审查制度即被触发；向这些运营者供应产品的外商投资企业同样被直接纳入监管视野。 The legal backbone is the Cybersecurity … Cybersecurity Review and Critical Information Infrastructure Procurement Compliance for Foreign-Invested EnterprisesRead more
Data Classification, Grading and Critical Information Infrastructure Obligations for Foreign-Invested Enterprises
China mandates a data classification and grading (数据分类分级) baseline; the national standard GB/T 43697-2024 took effect on 1 October 2024. 中国确立了数据分类分级基线制度，国家标准GB/T 43697-2024于2024年10月1日施行。 The Network Data Security Management Regulations (State Council Order No. 790, effective 1 January 2025) require handlers to … Data Classification, Grading and Critical Information Infrastructure Obligations for Foreign-Invested EnterprisesRead more
China’s amended Cybersecurity Law in force from 1 January 2026: AI clauses, tenfold penalties and wider extraterritorial reach
The Decision amending the Cybersecurity Law was adopted on 28 October 2025 and takes effect on 1 January 2026, with 14 amendments and a reissued text. 修改《网络安全法》的决定于2025年10月28日通过、2026年1月1日起施行，共14项修改并重新公布。 A new Article 20 builds the first basic-law “development plus oversight” framework for … China’s amended Cybersecurity Law in force from 1 January 2026: AI clauses, tenfold penalties and wider extraterritorial reachRead more
China’s Network Data Security Regulation: what foreign-invested firms must do
China’s Network Data Security Regulation (State Council Order 790) took effect on 1 January 2025, turning the Cybersecurity Law, Data Security Law and PIPL into operational, enforceable obligations for every network data processor — including foreign-invested firms. 《网络数据安全管理条例》（国务院令790号）自 2025 年 … China’s Network Data Security Regulation: what foreign-invested firms must doRead more
Cross-Border E-Commerce Retail Import: how foreign brands reach Chinese consumers via bonded and direct models
Cross-border e-commerce retail import (跨境电商零售进口) lets foreign brands sell to Chinese consumers without a full general-trade product registration, using two customs models: bonded import (网购保税进口, code 1210) and direct purchase import (直购进口, code 9610). 跨境电商零售进口让外国品牌无需完成一般贸易的完整产品注册即可向中国消费者销售，采用两种海关模式：网购保税进口（监管代码 1210）与直购进口（监管代码 9610）。 Goods must appear … Cross-Border E-Commerce Retail Import: how foreign brands reach Chinese consumers via bonded and direct modelsRead more
E-commerce market entry for foreign brands
The first strategic decision is the trade model (domestic stock vs. CBEC bonded vs. CBEC direct mail), not the platform, because the model determines the licence, label, and tax path. 首要战略决策是贸易模式（国内现货 vs. 保税跨境 vs. 直邮跨境），而非平台，因为模式决定许可证、标签与税务路径。 China had approved 165 cross-border … E-commerce market entry for foreign brandsRead more
Cross-Border E-Commerce Retail Import: Market-Entry Roadmap for Foreign Brands
Cross-border e-commerce retail import into China is governed primarily by two customs supervision modes: bonded stock (code 1210) and direct purchase import (code 9610).中国跨境电商零售进口主要适用两种海关监管方式：保税备货（代码 1210）与直购进口（9610）。 The GACC Notice No. 486 (2018) remains effective in 2026 and sets a single-transaction limit … Cross-Border E-Commerce Retail Import: Market-Entry Roadmap for Foreign BrandsRead more
Compliance Roadmap for Foreign Brands Entering China via E-Commerce Platforms (2026)
Cross-border e-commerce retail imports are regulated as “personal self-use inbound articles,” not general trade — meaning no first-import licence, registration, or filing is required for list goods, but the model is capped at personal use and cannot be resold domestically. … Compliance Roadmap for Foreign Brands Entering China via E-Commerce Platforms (2026)Read more
Cross-Border E-Commerce Pilot Zones and Retail Import List Management
China’s cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) runs on a nationwide network of Comprehensive Pilot Zones — now 175-plus covering all provinces — and a positive-list regime that defines which goods may enter via the retail-import channel. 中国跨境电商依托覆盖全国的跨境电子商务综合试验区网络（现175个以上、覆盖所有省份）运行，并以正面清单界定哪些商品可经零售进口通道入境。 The retail-import positive list sets … Cross-Border E-Commerce Pilot Zones and Retail Import List ManagementRead more