The Personal Information Protection Law gives three cross-border paths — security assessment, standard contract, and certification — all now operable after the 2026 Certification Measures took effect on 1 January 2026.《个人信息保护法》确立安全评估、标准合同、认证三条出境路径；随2026年《个人信息出境认证办法》1月1日施行，三者均已可操作。 A July 2026 rule simplifies compliance for “small” processors … Personal Information Compliance and Cross-Border Data for Foreign Firms: The 2026 Simplification and the Three Outbound PathsRead more
Cross-Border HR Data and PIPIA: Personal Information Compliance for Expatriate Workforces
Cross-border transfers of employee personal information are exempt from the security-assessment, standard-contract and certification routes where they implement cross-border HR management under a duly adopted labour rule or collective contract. 按照依法制定的劳动规章制度和依法签订的集体合同实施跨境人力资源管理的员工个人信息出境，可免予安全评估、标准合同与认证。 A Personal Information Protection Impact Assessment (PIPIA) is still … Cross-Border HR Data and PIPIA: Personal Information Compliance for Expatriate WorkforcesRead more
Personal Information Protection Officer and the Domestic Institution or Designated Representative for Overseas Processors under China’s PIPL: Governance Roles and Filing Obligations
PIPL creates two distinct governance roles: a personal information protection officer (PIPO) under Article 52, and a domestic dedicated institution or designated representative for overseas processors under Article 53. 《个人信息保护法》设定了两类不同的治理角色：第五十二条项下的个人信息保护负责人（个保负责人），以及第五十三条项下境外处理者须设立的境内专门机构或指定代表。 The 100-million-person threshold is the operative trigger: processors handling over … Personal Information Protection Officer and the Domestic Institution or Designated Representative for Overseas Processors under China’s PIPL: Governance Roles and Filing ObligationsRead more
App personal-information collection compliance in China (2026): the CAC draft rules and what FIEs must do
The CAC’s January 2026 draft “Rules on Personal Information Collection and Use by Internet Applications” codifies consent, separate consent for sensitive data, and minimal collection for apps, SDKs, distribution platforms and device makers. 国家网信办2026年1月《互联网应用程序个人信息收集使用规定（征求意见稿）》将同意、敏感信息单独同意与最小必要等要求成文化，覆盖App、SDK、分发平台与终端厂商。 Sensitive personal information (face, fingerprint, voiceprint) … App personal-information collection compliance in China (2026): the CAC draft rules and what FIEs must doRead more
China’s PIPL Compliance Audit Regime: What Foreign-Invested Enterprises Must Do in 2026
CAC Order No. 18, the Measures for the Administration of Personal Information Protection Compliance Audits, was published on 14 February 2025 and took effect on 1 May 2025. 《个人信息保护合规审计管理办法》以国家互联网信息办公室令第18号于2025年2月14日公布，自2025年5月1日起施行。 A handler processing the personal information of more than 10 million … China’s PIPL Compliance Audit Regime: What Foreign-Invested Enterprises Must Do in 2026Read more
Enforcing Foreign Arbitral Awards and Judgments in China: the New York Convention path
China is a party to the 1958 New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, and in 2024 Chinese courts concluded 42 applications to recognize/enforce foreign awards with zero refusals — a strongly “award-friendly” posture. 中国系 … Enforcing Foreign Arbitral Awards and Judgments in China: the New York Convention pathRead more
Being Sued in China: Jurisdiction, Cross-Border Service and the Amended Civil Procedure Law
The Civil Procedure Law’s foreign-related chapter was substantially amended (in force from 1 January 2024), reshaping jurisdiction, cross-border service, evidence-taking and recognition/enforcement of foreign judgments. 《民事诉讼法》涉外编经重大修订（2024年1月1日起施行），重塑了管辖、跨境送达、调查取证及外国判决承认与执行。 Foreign companies can be sued in China even without a domicile here — jurisdiction … Being Sued in China: Jurisdiction, Cross-Border Service and the Amended Civil Procedure LawRead more
Jiangxi trade-policy compliance rules & overseas rights channel
From 1 July 2026, Jiangxi’s “Implementation Rules for Trade-Policy Compliance” (23 articles) took effect. 自2026年7月1日起，《江西省贸易政策合规工作实施细则》（共23条）正式施行。 The rules are the first to bring FDI-related policies into the compliance-assessment scope (goods, services, IP and FDI fully covered). 该细则首次将涉外商投资政策纳入合规评估范围（货物、服务、知识产权、外资政策全覆盖）。 County- and city-level governments … Jiangxi trade-policy compliance rules & overseas rights channelRead more
Foreign-related Dispute Resolution: Litigation vs. Arbitration
China offers two main routes for foreign-related disputes—litigation in Chinese courts and arbitration—and the choice shapes where, in what language, and how a result is enforced across borders. 涉外争议有两条主路径——中国法院诉讼与仲裁——这一选择决定审理地点、语言及裁决如何跨境承认与执行。 Foreign-related civil and commercial cases are generally heard at intermediate court … Foreign-related Dispute Resolution: Litigation vs. ArbitrationRead more
Foreign-Related Civil and Commercial Litigation in China: The CICC Mechanism and Extraterritorial-Law Ascertainment (2025–2026)
The Supreme People’s Court’s 2025 opinion on the International Commercial Court (CICC) upgrades foreign-related adjudication: model jurisdiction clauses, pre-trial conferences and standardised bilingual procedures.最高人民法院2025年《国际商事法庭高质量发展意见》升级涉外审判：管辖示范条款、审前会议与标准化中英双语程序。 China is building a cross-border legal-service database and expert participation to make extraterritorial-law ascertainment faster and … Foreign-Related Civil and Commercial Litigation in China: The CICC Mechanism and Extraterritorial-Law Ascertainment (2025–2026)Read more